{"id":56407,"date":"2026-09-16T15:04:41","date_gmt":"2026-09-16T09:34:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/?p=56407"},"modified":"2026-09-16T15:14:45","modified_gmt":"2026-09-16T09:44:45","slug":"united-nations-educational-scientific-and-cultural-organization-unesco","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/united-nations-educational-scientific-and-cultural-organization-unesco\/","title":{"rendered":"United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO)"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><b>United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> is a <\/span><b>specialized agency of the United Nations<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> that promotes international cooperation in <\/span><b>education, science, culture, communication and information<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. It works to build <\/span><b>peace, equality and sustainable development<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> by sharing knowledge, protecting heritage, supporting quality education and addressing emerging global challenges.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><b>About United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO)<\/b><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>UNESCO<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> stands for the <\/span><b>United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. It is a specialised agency of the United Nations that promotes international cooperation in <\/span><b>education, science, culture, communication and information<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Promoting peace and cooperation:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> UNESCO works to strengthen international cooperation and contribute to peace by encouraging dialogue, mutual understanding, equality and respect for cultural diversity.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Supporting sustainable development:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Its work covers areas such as <\/span><b>quality education, biodiversity, climate change, science, technology and artificial intelligence<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, with the aim of supporting sustainable and inclusive development.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Protecting knowledge and heritage:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> UNESCO plays an important role in protecting <\/span><b>cultural and natural heritage<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, promoting education and preserving knowledge and traditions for future generations.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Promoting access to reliable information:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> It also works to strengthen <\/span><b>freedom of expression, press freedom, media literacy and access to trustworthy information<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> across societies.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><b>UNESCO History and Formation<\/b><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Early International Cooperation:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> UNESCO\u2019s roots can be traced to the <\/span><b>International Committee on Intellectual Cooperation<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> established under the<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/league-of-nations\/\" target=\"_blank\"> <b>League of Nations<\/b><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. It worked on areas such as universities, libraries, intellectual property, arts and information.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Impact of <\/b><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/world-war-2\/\" target=\"_blank\"><b>World War II<\/b><\/a><b>:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> The activities of these institutions were disrupted by the outbreak of the <\/span><b>Second World War<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, creating the need for a new international organisation focused on education and culture.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Conference of Allied Ministers of Education:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> During the war, the <\/span><b>Conference of Allied Ministers of Education (CAME)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> met in <\/span><b>London from 1942<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> to discuss plans for rebuilding education after the war.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>London Conference:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> On the proposal of CAME, the <\/span><b>United Nations Conference for the establishment of an educational and cultural organisation<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> was held in London in November 1945.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Foundation of UNESCO:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Representatives from <\/span><b>40 countries<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> participated in the conference and UNESCO was formally established on <\/span><b>16 November 1945<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Coming into Force:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> The UNESCO Constitution came into force on <\/span><b>4 November 1946<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> after ratification by 20 countries, including <\/span><b>India, France, the United Kingdom, the United States and China<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>First General Conference:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> The first session of the UNESCO General Conference was held in <\/span><b>Paris from 19 November to 10 December 1946<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, marking the beginning of its activities.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><b>UNESCO Governance<\/b><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>General Conference:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> It is UNESCO\u2019s main decision-making body and consists of representatives of all Member States. It determines the organisation\u2019s broad policies, programmes and budget.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Executive Board:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> The Executive Board consists of elected Member States and works to implement the decisions of the General Conference while overseeing UNESCO\u2019s programmes and activities.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Secretariat:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> The Secretariat carries out the day-to-day work of UNESCO and implements the programmes and decisions approved by its governing bodies.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Director-General:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> The Director-General heads the Secretariat and is responsible for the overall administration and implementation of UNESCO\u2019s activities.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>National Commissions and field offices:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> UNESCO works through <\/span><b>National Commissions, field offices, institutes and specialised centres<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> to implement its programmes and strengthen cooperation among countries.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><b>UNESCO World Heritage Sites<\/b><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>World Heritage List:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> UNESCO maintains the <\/span><b>World Heritage List<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> of cultural, natural and mixed properties that have <\/span><b>Outstanding Universal Value<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and deserve protection for future generations.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Types of Heritage:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> The World Heritage List includes <\/span><b>cultural properties, natural properties and mixed properties<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> that represent important aspects of humanity\u2019s cultural and natural heritage.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>World Heritage Convention:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> The protection of these sites is guided by the <\/span><b>World Heritage Convention<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, which provides an international framework for identifying and conserving heritage of outstanding universal value.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>World Heritage Committee:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> The <\/span><b>World Heritage Committee<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> considers sites for inscription on the World Heritage List and monitors their conservation status.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>International Assistance:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> UNESCO also provides <\/span><b>international assistance<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> to support the conservation and management of heritage properties facing different challenges.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><b>UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage<\/b><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Meaning:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Intangible cultural heritage includes living cultural practices, traditions, knowledge and skills passed from one generation to another.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Cultural Diversity:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> UNESCO works to safeguard <\/span><b>traditional performances, handicrafts, festivals, knowledge systems and other cultural practices<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> that reflect the diversity of communities.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Safeguarding Heritage:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> The organisation implements the <\/span><b>Convention for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> to promote the protection and transmission of living traditions.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>India\u2019s Intangible Heritage:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> India has several elements recognised by UNESCO under intangible cultural heritage, reflecting the country\u2019s <\/span><b>rich cultural diversity and traditional knowledge<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><b>UNESCO Objectives and Functions<\/b><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Promoting quality education:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> UNESCO works to improve access to <\/span><b>inclusive and quality education<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and supports global efforts under <\/span><b>Education 2030 and Sustainable Development Goal 4<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Supporting science and innovation:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> It promotes international cooperation in <\/span><b>scientific research, technology and innovation<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> to address global challenges and support sustainable development.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Protecting the environment:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> UNESCO supports programmes related to <\/span><b>water, oceans, biodiversity and climate change<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, encouraging scientific cooperation and sustainable management of natural resources.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Promoting ethical use of technology:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> UNESCO works on emerging areas such as <\/span><b>artificial intelligence<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, with a focus on ethical, inclusive and responsible use of technology.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Preserving cultural heritage:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> It protects and promotes <\/span><b>cultural and natural heritage<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, including World Heritage Sites, intangible cultural traditions and documentary heritage.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Supporting freedom of expression:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> UNESCO promotes <\/span><b>press freedom, safety of journalists, freedom of expression, the right to information and media and information literacy<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Preserving documentary heritage:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Through programmes such as <\/span><b>Memory of the World<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, UNESCO works to protect important documentary heritage and make valuable knowledge accessible to future generations.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Encouraging international knowledge sharing:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> UNESCO provides a platform for countries and institutions to exchange <\/span><b>knowledge, research, experiences and best practices<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> in education, science, culture and communication.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><b>Major UNESCO Initiatives and Programmes<\/b><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Education 2030:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> This programme supports global efforts to achieve <\/span><b>inclusive and equitable quality education<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and lifelong learning opportunities for all.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Man and the Biosphere Programme (MAB):<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> The MAB Programme promotes the conservation of biodiversity while supporting sustainable development through the <\/span><b>Biosphere Reserve<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> approach.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>International Hydrological Programme:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> It promotes international scientific cooperation in areas related to <\/span><b>water resources, water management and hydrological research<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> The programme supports international cooperation in <\/span><b>ocean science, marine research and sustainable management of ocean resources<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>World Heritage Programme:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> It focuses on identifying, protecting and preserving sites of <\/span><b>Outstanding Universal Value<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> around the world.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Memory of the World:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> This initiative aims to safeguard and improve access to the world\u2019s important <\/span><b>documentary heritage<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, including valuable manuscripts, archives and historical records.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><b>Major Reports by UNESCO<\/b><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Global Reports:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> UNESCO publishes reports examining <\/span><b>major global issues, challenges and policy responses<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> across its areas of work.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Global Education Monitoring Report:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> The <\/span><b>GEM Report<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> tracks progress in education, including <\/span><b>learning outcomes, equity, financing and educational gaps<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, particularly in relation to SDG 4.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>UNESCO Science Report:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> The report examines trends in <\/span><b>science, research, innovation and science policy<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> across different countries and regions.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Global Report on Cultural Policies:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> It highlights the role of <\/span><b>culture in sustainable development<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and examines developments in cultural policies.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>State of the Education Report for India:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> This report focuses on important <\/span><b>education-related issues in India<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, including areas such as climate change, artificial intelligence, teachers and vocational education.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>World Heritage Reports:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> UNESCO also publishes information and reports concerning <\/span><b>heritage conservation, climate risks, biodiversity and the condition of World Heritage sites<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><b>India and UNESCO<\/b><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Founding Member:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> India is among the <\/span><b>founding members of UNESCO<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and participated in the organisation\u2019s first General Conference in 1946.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Active Participation:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> India has contributed to UNESCO\u2019s work in areas such as <\/span><b>education, cultural diversity, science and development policies<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Permanent Delegation:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> India maintains a <\/span><b>Permanent Delegation at UNESCO headquarters in Paris<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and participates in the organisation\u2019s decision-making and programmes.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>World Heritage:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> India has several UNESCO-recognised <\/span><b>cultural and natural heritage properties<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, including globally important monuments, landscapes and protected areas.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Intangible Cultural Heritage:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Several Indian <\/span><b>traditions, performances, crafts, festivals and cultural practices<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> have been recognised under UNESCO\u2019s Intangible Cultural Heritage framework.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Biosphere Reserves:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Indian biosphere reserves are also represented in UNESCO\u2019s <\/span><b>World Network of Biosphere Reserves<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> under the <\/span><b>Man and the Biosphere Programme<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Education Cooperation:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> UNESCO\u2019s cooperation with India covers areas such as <\/span><b>literacy, teacher education, ICT-enabled learning, inclusion and the Sustainable Development Goals<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Communication and Information:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Cooperation also extends to <\/span><b>media development, freedom of expression, access to information and documentary heritage<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><b>UNESCO World Heritage Sites in India<\/b><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>UNESCO World Heritage Sites in India:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> India has <\/span><b>45 UNESCO World Heritage Sites<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> recognised for their <\/span><b>cultural, natural or mixed significance<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, reflecting the country\u2019s diverse heritage and natural wealth.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Cultural sites:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Out of these, <\/span><b>36 sites are cultural<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, representing India\u2019s rich history, architecture, traditions and artistic achievements.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Natural sites:<\/b> <b>7 sites are natural<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, highlighting India\u2019s ecological diversity, unique landscapes, wildlife and important natural ecosystems.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Mixed site:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> India also has <\/span><b>1 mixed World Heritage Site<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, recognised for both its <\/span><b>cultural and natural significance<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Major examples:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Some notable Indian UNESCO World Heritage Sites include the <\/span><b>Taj Mahal, Ajanta and Ellora Caves, <\/b><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/konark-sun-temple\/\" target=\"_blank\"><b>Sun Temple at Konark<\/b><\/a><b>, <\/b><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/kaziranga-national-park\/\" target=\"_blank\"><b>Kaziranga National Park<\/b><\/a><b> and the <\/b><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/western-ghats\/\" target=\"_blank\"><b>Western Ghats<\/b><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Significance for India:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> These sites showcase India\u2019s <\/span><b>historical legacy, architectural brilliance and ecological diversity<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, while also highlighting the importance of conserving its heritage for future generations.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Global position:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> India ranks <\/span><b>sixth globally<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> in terms of the number of World Heritage Sites, reflecting its significant heritage wealth and efforts towards <\/span><b>heritage conservation and preservation<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>UNESCO is dedicated to strengthening our shared humanity through the promotion of education, science, culture, and communication. Read more about United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, Latest News.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":23,"featured_media":67467,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[786],"tags":[1757,22],"class_list":["post-56407","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-general-studies","tag-unesco","tag-upsc-current-affairs","no-featured-image-padding"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/56407","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/23"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=56407"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/56407\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":124825,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/56407\/revisions\/124825"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/67467"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=56407"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=56407"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=56407"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}