{"id":65952,"date":"2025-09-30T17:57:34","date_gmt":"2025-09-30T12:27:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/?p=65952"},"modified":"2025-09-30T17:57:34","modified_gmt":"2025-09-30T12:27:34","slug":"noise-pollution","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/noise-pollution\/","title":{"rendered":"Noise Pollution, Definition, Sources, Impact, Preventive Measures"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Noise pollution has emerged as a growing environmental concern in India as well as globally. It refers to the excessive and unwanted sound that disrupts normal life and causes harmful effects on human health, environment, and economy. According to the Noise Pollution (Regulation and Control) Rules, 2000, noise above 55 decibels (dB) during the day and 45 dB at night is harmful to human health. In India, with rapid urbanization, industrial growth, and increasing traffic, noise pollution has become one of the most pressing urban environmental issues.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><b>Noise Pollution in India<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">India is among the world\u2019s most affected countries in terms of urban noise levels. The Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB), under the Noise Pollution (Regulation and Control) Rules, 2000, sets permissible noise limits for different zones such as industrial, commercial, residential, and silence zones. However, major Indian cities like Delhi, Mumbai, Kolkata, and Bengaluru regularly exceed these limits. For example, the CPCB 2023 survey recorded average noise levels in Delhi ranging from 65-75 dB during the day, well above the permissible limit of 55 dB for residential areas.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><b>Noise Pollution Sources<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Noise pollution arises from a wide range of human and industrial activities. The major causes include:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Vehicular Traffic:<\/strong> Heavy use of cars, motorcycles, buses, and trucks. In cities like Delhi and Mumbai, traffic noise is the largest contributor.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Industrial Activities:<\/strong> Factories, construction sites, and power plants generate continuous high-decibel noise.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/urbanization\/\" target=\"_blank\">Urbanization<\/a> and Construction:<\/strong> Roadwork, metro rail construction, flyovers, and housing projects significantly add to city noise.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Social and Cultural Activities:<\/strong> Use of loudspeakers in marriages, religious events, festivals, and political rallies.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Air Traffic:<\/strong> Airports near cities increase noise exposure for nearby residents. For example, areas around IGI Airport, Delhi experience noise levels above 70 dB.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><b>Noise Pollution Impact<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Noise Pollution impacts the Human Beings as well as the wildlife and environment adversely. Below we have discussed the impact of noise pollution:<\/span><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><b> Impact of Noise Pollution on Health<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Excessive noise exposure has serious health effects. WHO identifies noise pollution as the second biggest environmental cause of health problems after air pollution in Europe. In India, similar concerns are rising.<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Hearing Loss: Long exposure above 85 dB can lead to permanent hearing damage.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Sleep Disturbances: Night-time noise disrupts rest and reduces productivity.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Cardiovascular Diseases: High noise levels increase risk of hypertension, stress, and heart attacks.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Mental Health Issues: Anxiety, irritability, depression, and reduced concentration.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Child Development Issues: Studies show children exposed to noise near airports have lower reading comprehension and memory.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol start=\"2\">\n<li><b> Environmental and Social Impact of Noise Pollution<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Noise pollution not only affects humans but also impacts the environment and animals.<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Wildlife Disturbance: Animals in forests and urban areas face stress and habitat disturbance. Bird communication gets disrupted, affecting breeding.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Marine Noise Pollution: Increasing ship traffic and industrial activity harm whales and dolphins that rely on sound for communication.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Social Impact: Reduced quality of life in urban areas, increased complaints in residential colonies, and decline in property values in high-noise areas.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><b>Permissible Noise Levels in India (CPCB)<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">According to the data released by CPCB, The Noise Pollution (Regulation and Control) Rules, 2000, the permissible limit for the Noise Levels based on the zones and areas is tabulated below:<\/span><\/p>\n<table style=\"width: 66.9946%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"tb-color\" style=\"text-align: center; width: 111.715%;\" colspan=\"3\"><b>Permissible Noise Levels in India (CPCB)<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center; width: 16.8081%;\"><b>Zone\/ Area<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center; width: 39.0492%;\"><b>Daytime Limit (6 am-10 pm)<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center; width: 55.8574%;\"><b>Night-time Limit (10 pm-6 am)<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 16.8081%;\">\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Industrial<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 39.0492%;\">\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">75 dB<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 55.8574%;\">\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">70 dB<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 16.8081%;\">\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Commercial<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 39.0492%;\">\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">65 dB<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 55.8574%;\">\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">55 dB<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 16.8081%;\">\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Residential<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 39.0492%;\">\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">55 dB<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 55.8574%;\">\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">45 dB<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 16.8081%;\">\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Silence Zone<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 39.0492%;\">\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">50 dB<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 55.8574%;\">\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">40 dB<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2><b>Global Scenario of Noise Pollution<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Noise is a worldwide challenge. According to WHO\u2019s 2018 report, around 1.6 million healthy life years are lost annually in Western Europe due to environmental noise. The European Environment Agency (EEA) noted that more than 100 million people in Europe are exposed to harmful noise levels above 55 dB. In the United States, the EPA estimates that nearly 30 million workers are exposed to hazardous noise levels at workplaces.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><b>Noise Pollution in Indian Cities<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">As per the latest data released by the CPCB Annual Report 2017 under \u201cStatus of Ambient Noise Level in India 2017\u201d, the approximate level of Noise in major cities of the Indian States are listed below:<\/span><\/p>\n<table style=\"width: 67.5028%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"tb-color\" style=\"text-align: center; width: 122.222%;\" colspan=\"4\"><b>Noise Pollution in Indian Cities<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center; width: 14.5719%;\"><b>City<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center; width: 34.7905%;\"><b>Average Day Noise (dB)<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center; width: 32.2404%;\"><b>Permissible Limit (dB)<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center; width: 40.6193%;\"><b>Status<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 14.5719%;\">\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Delhi<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 34.7905%;\">\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">70-75<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 32.2404%;\">\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">55<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 40.6193%;\">\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Above Limit<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 14.5719%;\">\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Mumbai<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 34.7905%;\">\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">68-72<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 32.2404%;\">\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">55<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 40.6193%;\">\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Above Limit<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 14.5719%;\">\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Kolkata<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 34.7905%;\">\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">65-70<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 32.2404%;\">\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">55<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 40.6193%;\">\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Above Limit<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 14.5719%;\">\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Bengaluru<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 34.7905%;\">\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">66-71<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 32.2404%;\">\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">55<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 40.6193%;\">\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Above Limit<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 14.5719%;\">\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Lucknow<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 34.7905%;\">\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">64-70<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 32.2404%;\">\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">55<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 40.6193%;\">\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Above Limit<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2><b>Noise Pollution Legal Framework and Regulations<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Indian government and the <a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/supreme-court-of-india\/\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>Supreme Court of India<\/strong><\/a> has taken several steps to address noise pollution:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Noise Pollution (Regulation and Control) Rules, 2000 under the <a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/environment-protection-act-1986\/\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>Environment Protection Act<\/strong><\/a>, 1986.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Motor Vehicles Act, 1988 to regulate use of horns and silencers.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Factories Act, 1948 for worker safety against occupational noise.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Role of National Green Tribunal (NGT) in hearing cases and imposing penalties on violators.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Supreme Court Judgments restricting use of loudspeakers and firecrackers beyond permissible limits.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Noise Monitoring Network: CPCB launched a National Ambient Noise Monitoring Network (NANMN) in 2011 covering 35 cities.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Silence Zone Enforcement: Strict regulations around hospitals, schools, and courts.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Smart City Mission: Integration of noise mapping for sustainable urban planning.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Public Awareness Campaigns: Use of \u201cNo Horn\u201d campaigns in metro cities.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><b>Preventive Measures for Noise Pollution<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Solutions require both policy action and public participation.<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Promotion of electric vehicles and improved public transport.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Use of sound barriers and green belts along highways.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Strict enforcement of permissible decibel limits in residential areas.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Adoption of silent generators and machines in industries.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Awareness campaigns to reduce honking and loudspeaker usage.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Urban planning to create noise buffer zones.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><b>Challenges in Controlling Noise Pollution<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Despite existing regulations, several challenges hinder effective control of noise pollution:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Non-Compliance: Many individuals and organizations flout noise norms, especially during festivals and public events.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Lack of Awareness: Public awareness about the health impacts of noise pollution is limited.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Inadequate Enforcement: Enforcement agencies often lack the resources and manpower to monitor and control noise pollution effectively.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Technological Limitations: Limited use of modern technology for real-time monitoring and data collection.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>Way Forward:<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">To effectively address noise pollution, the following reforms are proposed:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Strengthening Enforcement: Enhance the capacity of enforcement agencies through training and provision of resources.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Public Awareness Programs: Launch nationwide campaigns to educate the public about the harmful effects of noise pollution.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Technological Integration: Implement real-time noise monitoring systems and mobile applications for public reporting.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Policy Revisions: Regularly update noise pollution norms to keep pace with urbanization and technological advancements.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><b>Public and Institutional Responses to Noise Pollution<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Various public and institutional responses have been initiated to combat noise pollution:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Judicial Interventions:<\/strong> Courts have actively intervened in noise pollution cases, issuing directives for stricter enforcement of noise regulations.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>NGOs and Civil Society:<\/strong> Organizations like Awaaz Foundation and Legal Initiative for Forest and Environment (LIFE) have been at the forefront, filing Public Interest Litigations (PILs) and conducting awareness campaigns.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Local Authorities:<\/strong> Municipal corporations and local bodies have been empowered to take direct action against noise pollution under the amended Noise Pollution Rules.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><b>Constitutional Framework and Case Laws Related to Noise Pollution<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Constitution of India provides a framework for addressing noise pollution:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Article 21: Guarantees the right to life and personal liberty, which includes the right to live in a pollution-free environment.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Article 51A: Enjoins every citizen to protect and improve the natural environment.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>Case Laws:<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In Re: Noise Pollution (2005): The Supreme Court recognized noise pollution as a violation of the right to life under Article 21 and directed the enforcement of noise regulations.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Forum for Prevention of Environment and Sound Pollution v. Union of India (2005): The Court issued directions for controlling noise pollution, including restrictions on the use of loudspeakers and firecrackers.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Balwant Singh v. Commissioner of Police (2015): The Court emphasized the need for strict enforcement of noise pollution norms and held that the right to peaceful enjoyment of life is a fundamental right under Article 21.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><b>Noise Standard for Fire Crackers<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">According to the CPCB protocol the Noise Standards for Fire Crackers were released in 2006 under the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986. These standards are-<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Prohibition in manufacturing and sale of fire-crackers generating noise above 125 dB at 4 meters distance from the point of bursting.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">For the individual fire cracker constituting series, the above mentioned limit is reduced by 5 <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">log<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">10<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (N) dB, here N= number of crackers joined together.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Department of Explosives is responsible for the implementation of the rules.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><b>Noise Pollution UPSC<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Noise pollution is no longer just an urban nuisance; it is a public health crisis. With rising urbanization and industrialization, India needs urgent interventions to curb noise levels. Strict enforcement of CPCB rules, adoption of green infrastructure, use of technology for monitoring, and public cooperation are essential. Addressing this challenge will help India ensure a healthier, more sustainable, and peaceful future.<\/span><\/p>\n<table style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 85.772%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"tb-color\" style=\"width: 85.0313%; text-align: center;\" colspan=\"2\"><strong>Also Check Other Posts<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 42.5657%; text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/coastal-regulation-zone\/\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>Coastal Regulation Zone<\/strong> <\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 42.4656%; text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/global-plastic-treaty\/\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>Global Plastic Treaty<\/strong> <\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 42.5657%; text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/nitrogen-cycle\/\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>Nitrogen Cycle<\/strong><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 42.4656%; text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/carbon-cycle\/\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>Carbon Cycle<\/strong><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Noise pollution in India covers sources, CPCB limits, health impacts, legal rules, firecracker standards and measures with causes effects and solutions.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":11,"featured_media":65929,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[786],"tags":[3000],"class_list":{"0":"post-65952","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-general-studies","8":"tag-noise-pollution","9":"no-featured-image-padding"},"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/65952","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/11"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=65952"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/65952\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/65929"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=65952"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=65952"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=65952"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}