{"id":72728,"date":"2025-11-10T15:35:10","date_gmt":"2025-11-10T10:05:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/?p=72728"},"modified":"2025-11-10T18:05:21","modified_gmt":"2025-11-10T12:35:21","slug":"united-nations-framework-convention-on-climate-change-unfccc","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/united-nations-framework-convention-on-climate-change-unfccc\/","title":{"rendered":"United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC)"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2><b>United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change Latest News<\/b><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The world has gathered at the city of Belem in the Brazilian state of Para for the 30th Conference of the Parties (COP30) to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). <\/span><\/p>\n<h2><b>About United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change<\/b><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400; text-align: justify;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">UNFCCC is the <\/span><b>principal global treaty<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> for <\/span><b>coordinating international responses to climate change.\u00a0<\/b><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400; text-align: justify;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It provides the<\/span><b> foundation for<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> subsequent legal instruments, including the <\/span><b>Kyoto Protocol<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and the landmark<\/span><b> Paris Agreement.<\/b><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400; text-align: justify;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The <\/span><b>purpose <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">of the UNFCCC is to <\/span><b>harness international cooperation to limit the rise of average global temperatures<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> to <\/span><b>minimize the impacts of climate change<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> to enable timely adaptation, <\/span><b>avoid threats to food production, <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">and ensure <\/span><b>sustainable economic development.\u00a0<\/b><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400; text-align: justify;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It is <\/span><b>one of three conventions<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> that was <\/span><b>adopted at the Rio Earth Summit in 1992<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> to promote a sustainable planet for future generations.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400; text-align: justify;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Its <\/span><b>sister Rio Conventions<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> are the\u202f<\/span><b>UN Convention on Biological Diversity\u202f<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">and the\u202f<\/span><b>Convention to Combat Desertification.<\/b><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400; text-align: justify;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The <\/span><b>UNFCCC has 198 Parties,<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> comprising 197 States and the European Union, making it <\/span><b>one of the most widely ratified international treaties.<\/b><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400; text-align: justify;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Every year, parties to the Convention meet in Conference of the Parties (COPs), <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">as well as in technical meetings throughout the year, to advance the aims and ambitions of the Paris Agreement and achieve progress in its implementation.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The UNFCCC <\/span><b>relies on the scientific assessments of<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> the <\/span><b>Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">to inform its decisions and guide negotiations.\u00a0<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400; text-align: justify;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The IPCC is the <\/span><b>United Nations body for assessing the science related to climate change.\u00a0<\/b><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400; text-align: justify;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It was <\/span><b>established by<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> the United Nations Environment Programme <\/span><b>(UNEP) and the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) in 1988.<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><b>What is the Kyoto Protocol?<\/b><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400; text-align: justify;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Adopted in 1997<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> as part of the UNFCCC, the Kyoto Protocol <\/span><b>outlines individual quantitative emission reduction targets for developed countries.\u00a0<\/b><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400; text-align: justify;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Protocol <\/span><b>required these countries to reduce their emissions by 5% in 2008-2012 compared to 1990 levels.<\/b><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400; text-align: justify;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">One of the key elements of the Protocol was the <\/span><b>implementation of market mechanisms <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">to achieve these commitments.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400; text-align: justify;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">These include the <\/span><b>Clean Development Mechanism (CDM)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, allowing the <\/span><b>development of cost-effective projects to reduce<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> greenhouse gas <\/span><b>(GHG) emissions,<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> ensuring<\/span><b> mitigation benefits,<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and creating sustainable economic benefits.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><b>What is the Paris Agreement?<\/b><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400; text-align: justify;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Paris Agreement, <\/span><b>adopted in December 2015<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> at the 21st Conference of the Parties (COP21), highlighted the key role of the Framework Convention (UNFCCC) that it is connected to.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400; text-align: justify;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Agreement stresses the principles of the UNFCCC and introduces <\/span><b>three goals:\u00a0<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">to <\/span><b>keep <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">the <\/span><b>global temperature increase well below 2\u00b0C<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, with <\/span><b>efforts to limit it to 1.5\u00b0C;\u00a0<\/b><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">to strengthen adaptation and resilience capacities; and\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">to <\/span><b>align financial flows<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> with the other goals of the Agreement.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400; text-align: justify;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Paris Agreement also innovated by r<\/span><b>equiring all countries,<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> both developed and developing, to regularly <\/span><b>submit &#8220;Nationally Determined Contributions&#8221; (NDCs).<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400; text-align: justify;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>In the NDCs, each country explains what actions it intends to take<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> to respond to climate change. The <\/span><b>implementation <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">of these actions <\/span><b>will be accompanied by an enhanced transparency regime.<\/b><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400; text-align: justify;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">As NDCs are defined by each country, they respect the national reality and sovereignty of each nation.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Source: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.downtoearth.org.in\/environment\/cop30-belem-is-where-roger-casement-was-british-consul-and-departed-from-on-his-famous-putumayo-probe#google_vignette\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">DTE<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change is the principal global treaty for coordinating international responses to climate change. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":23,"featured_media":72777,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[246,21,3635,23],"class_list":{"0":"post-72728","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-upsc-prelims-current-affairs","8":"tag-prelims-current-affairs","9":"tag-prelims-pointers","10":"tag-united-nations-framework-convention-on-climate-change","11":"tag-upsc-prelims-current-affairs","12":"no-featured-image-padding"},"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/72728","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/23"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=72728"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/72728\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/72777"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=72728"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=72728"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=72728"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}