{"id":74010,"date":"2025-11-18T16:41:00","date_gmt":"2025-11-18T11:11:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/?p=74010"},"modified":"2025-11-18T16:41:00","modified_gmt":"2025-11-18T11:11:00","slug":"gross-value-added-gva","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/gross-value-added-gva\/","title":{"rendered":"Gross Value Added (GVA), Meaning, Formula, Example, Importance"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Gross Value Added (GVA) is one of the most crucial indicators used to measure the economic performance of a nation. It reflects how much value different producers, industries, or sectors add to the economy by generating goods and services. Unlike measures that focus on expenditure or taxes, GVA captures the pure productive contribution of the economy\u2019s supply side.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In 2015, India revamped its national accounts system to align with the<\/span><b> United Nations System of National Accounts (SNA), 2008,<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> ensuring that its economic measurement practices matched global standards. This reform not only updated the methodology but also shifted the base year and refined how GVA and related indicators are calculated.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><b>What is Gross Value Added (GVA)?<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Gross Value Added (GVA) represents the value of output minus the value of intermediate consumption. It tells us how much new value is created in the production process after deducting the value of inputs used in production.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">GVA highlights the contribution of each sector, whether agriculture, manufacturing, or services, to the economy\u2019s overall output.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It forms the supply-side measure in national accounts and is a key entry on the income side of the country\u2019s economic balance sheet.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Formula: GVA=GDP\u2212Taxes on Products+Subsidies on Products<\/b><\/p>\n<h2><b>How is Gross Value Added (GVA) Calculated?<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Gross Value Added (GVA) is calculated to measure the actual value created during the production of goods and services. It captures how much a sector or industry contributes to the economy after subtracting the cost of inputs used in production.<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The basic formula for calculating GVA is: <\/span><b>GVA = Output Value &#8211; Intermediate Consumption<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li aria-level=\"1\"><b>Formula: GVA=GDP\u2212Taxes on Products+Subsidies on Products<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">GVA is also used to derive GDP using the formula: <\/span><b><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/gross-domestic-product-gdp\/\" target=\"_blank\">GDP<\/a> = GVA + (Taxes on Products \u2013 Subsidies on Products)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><b>Why India Adopted SNA 2008 Framework<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">To improve the quality of its economic statistics, India aligned its accounting system with <\/span><b>United Nations System of National Accounts (SNA), 2008<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. This global standard ensures consistency, comparability, and uniformity in national income computation across countries. It also makes Indian data more reliable for international investors and economic bodies.<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ensures India follows global best practices.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Provides integrated and consistent macroeconomic accounts.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Enhances credibility of national income estimates.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Enables better policy decisions through improved data quality.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><b>Evolution of GVA Measurement in India<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Before 2015, India used GVA at \u201cfactor cost,\u201d which excluded all taxes and subsidies. After the methodological revision, GVA at \u201cbasic prices\u201d became the primary measure, making the data more reflective of production realities. This shift also accompanied a change in the base year from <\/span><b>2004-05 to 2011-12 <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">for better accuracy.<\/span><\/p>\n<table style=\"width: 72.8072%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"tb-color\" style=\"text-align: center; width: 104.651%;\" colspan=\"3\"><b>GVA at Basic Prices vs Factor Cost<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center; width: 14.0456%;\"><b>Aspect<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center; width: 42.6405%;\"><b>GVA at Basic Prices<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center; width: 47.9651%;\"><b>GVA at Factor Cost<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 14.0456%;\">\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Includes<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 42.6405%;\">\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Production taxes<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 47.9651%;\">\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">None<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 14.0456%;\">\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Excludes<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 42.6405%;\">\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Production subsidies<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 47.9651%;\">\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">All subsidies<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 14.0456%;\">\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Reflects<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 42.6405%;\">\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Output valued at actual producer prices<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 47.9651%;\">\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Output valued without taxes\/subsidies<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 14.0456%;\">\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Used Today<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 42.6405%;\">\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Yes<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 47.9651%;\">\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">No<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2><b>Sectoral Classification of Gross Value Added (GVA) in India<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The National Statistical Office (NSO) computes Gross Value Added (GVA) at both quarterly and annual intervals. For accuracy and clarity, the Indian economy is divided into eight major sectors. Each sector\u2019s performance helps understand growth patterns and identify areas that require policy intervention.<\/span><\/p>\n<table style=\"width: 71.4626%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center; width: 54.9401%;\"><b>Sector<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center; width: 50.1497%;\"><b>Nature of Activities<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 54.9401%;\">\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Agriculture, Forestry &amp; Fishing<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 50.1497%;\">\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Farming, livestock, forestry, fishing<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 54.9401%;\">\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Mining &amp; Quarrying<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 50.1497%;\">\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Extraction of minerals, ores<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 54.9401%;\">\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Manufacturing<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 50.1497%;\">\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Industrial production &amp; processing<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 54.9401%;\">\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Electricity, Gas, Water Supply &amp; Utilities<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 50.1497%;\">\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Power generation &amp; distribution<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 54.9401%;\">\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Construction<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 50.1497%;\">\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Infrastructure, real estate development<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 54.9401%;\">\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Trade, Hotels, Transport &amp; Communication<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 50.1497%;\">\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Retail, logistics, tourism, telecom<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 54.9401%;\">\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Financial, Real Estate &amp; Professional Services<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 50.1497%;\">\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Banking, insurance, real estate<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 54.9401%;\">\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Public Administration, Defence &amp; Other Services<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 50.1497%;\">\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Government &amp; social services<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2><b>Difference between GDP and GVA<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Although both GDP and GVA measure economic activity, their perspectives differ. GDP reflects demand-side expenditure, while GVA highlights supply-side production. The inclusion of taxes and exclusion of subsidies in GDP makes it a less precise measure of actual productive contribution compared to GVA.<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">GDP may rise due to higher taxes even when production stagnates.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">GVA provides a clearer picture of real output.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">GVA is preferred for analyzing sectoral dynamics.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<table style=\"width: 72.9232%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"tb-color\" style=\"text-align: center; width: 130.055%;\" colspan=\"3\"><b>Difference between GDP and GVA<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 12.3862%; text-align: center;\"><b>Aspect<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 38.98%; text-align: center;\"><b>GDP<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 78.6885%; text-align: center;\"><b>GVA<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 12.3862%;\">\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Focus<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 38.98%;\">\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Demand-side measurement<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 78.6885%;\">\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Supply-side measurement<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 12.3862%;\">\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Includes<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 38.98%;\">\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Taxes on products<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 78.6885%;\">\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Does NOT include taxes<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 12.3862%;\">\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Excludes<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 38.98%;\">\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Subsidies<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 78.6885%;\">\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Subsidies are ADDED<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 12.3862%;\">\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Utility<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 38.98%;\">\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Best for global comparison<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 78.6885%;\">\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Best for domestic policy decisions<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 12.3862%;\">\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Formula<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 38.98%;\">\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">C + I + G + (X \u2212 M)<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 78.6885%;\">\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">GDP \u2212 Taxes + Subsidies<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2><b>Gross Value Added (GVA) Importance<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Gross Value Added (GVA) is important because it offers a clear and accurate picture of the real production happening in an economy. By excluding the impact of taxes and subsidies, it reflects the actual value created by different sectors.<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">GVA provides a precise measure of sector-wise production by focusing purely on value creation rather than tax-driven distortions.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It gives a detailed breakdown of how each major sector, such as agriculture, industry, and services, contributes to overall economic growth.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Policymakers rely on GVA data to design targeted schemes, allocate resources effectively, and support sectors that require urgent intervention.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It helps track short-term and long-term economic trends, showing which sectors are rising, slowing, or undergoing structural changes.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Since it measures value added at each stage of production, it becomes a key tool for assessing productivity levels across industries.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">By removing the influence of taxes and subsidies, GVA presents a clearer and more unbiased picture of the economy\u2019s real performance.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It highlights sectoral imbalances, making it easier for the government to promote balanced and inclusive growth across regions and industries.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">GVA aligns with global SNA 2008 standards, ensuring that India\u2019s economic data is comparable with international norms.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><b>Gross Value Added (GVA) Issues<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Gross Value Added (GVA) faces several issues that can affect the accuracy and reliability of economic estimates. Since GVA depends heavily on the quality of data collected from various sectors, any gaps or errors can distort the overall picture of production.<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">GVA estimates rely on multiple data sources, and any inaccuracies in surveys, reporting, or sectoral data can lead to misleading results.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The informal sector, which forms a large part of India&#8217;s economy, is difficult to measure accurately, creating gaps in GVA calculations.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Differences in data collection methods, outdated sampling frames, or flawed estimation techniques can weaken the reliability of GVA figures.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">GVA does not reflect non-market activities like household work, which can be significant in developing economies.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It does not capture inter-sectoral linkages, meaning that value added in one sector may depend heavily on another but remains unreported in the final figure.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Sudden policy changes, technological shifts, or global disruptions may influence sectoral GVA unevenly, making comparisons over time challenging.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><b>Role of GVA in Economic Policy and Planning<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Gross Value Added (GVA) plays a crucial role in shaping national economic policies by providing a clear understanding of sector-wise productivity. It helps policymakers identify strengths, weaknesses, and priority areas for targeted intervention.<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It assists the government in designing sector-specific policies by showing which industries contribute the most to economic growth.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It helps in evaluating the impact of fiscal measures like subsidies, tax changes, and investment incentives on sector performance.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It guides planning bodies in resource allocation by highlighting high-performing and underperforming sectors.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It supports the formulation of employment strategies by identifying labor-intensive and productivity-driven sectors.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It aids in regional planning by showing GVA distribution across states and helping bridge inter-state economic disparities.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It helps monitor the real-time health of the economy, allowing timely corrective actions during slowdown phases.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<table style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 87.7744%; height: 150px;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr style=\"height: 25px;\">\n<td class=\"tb-color\" style=\"width: 87.7756%; text-align: center; height: 25px;\" colspan=\"2\"><strong>Other Related Posts<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 25px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 46.1188%; text-align: center; height: 25px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/new-economic-policy-1991\/\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>New Economic Policy 1991<\/strong><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 41.6568%; text-align: center; height: 25px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/green-gdp\/\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>Green GDP<\/strong><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 25px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 46.1188%; text-align: center; height: 25px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/care-economy\/\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>Care Economy<\/strong><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 41.6568%; text-align: center; height: 25px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/securities-and-exchange-board-of-india-sebi\/\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>Securities and Exchange Board of India<\/strong><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 25px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 46.1188%; text-align: center; height: 25px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/national-income\/\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>National Income<\/strong><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 41.6568%; text-align: center; height: 25px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/foreign-portfolio-investment-fpi\/\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>Foreign Portfolio Investment<\/strong><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 25px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 46.1188%; text-align: center; height: 25px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/gross-domestic-product-gdp\/\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>Gross Domestic Product (GDP)<\/strong><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 41.6568%; text-align: center; height: 25px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/foreign-direct-investment-fdi\/\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>Foreign Direct Investment<\/strong><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 25px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 87.7756%; text-align: center; height: 25px;\" colspan=\"2\"><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/gdp-deflator\/\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>GDP Deflator<\/strong><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Gross Value Added explains the real value created in India\u2019s economy, showing sector-wise production, importance, methodology, and how it differs from GDP.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":27,"featured_media":74058,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[786],"tags":[3768],"class_list":{"0":"post-74010","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-general-studies","8":"tag-gross-value-added","9":"no-featured-image-padding"},"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/74010","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/27"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=74010"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/74010\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/74058"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=74010"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=74010"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=74010"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}