{"id":75510,"date":"2025-11-28T18:21:43","date_gmt":"2025-11-28T12:51:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/?p=75510"},"modified":"2025-11-28T18:21:43","modified_gmt":"2025-11-28T12:51:43","slug":"arctic-region","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/arctic-region\/","title":{"rendered":"Arctic Region, Countries, Climate, Geographical Features"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Arctic Region lies north of the Arctic Circle and includes the Arctic Ocean, surrounding seas, islands, and parts of eight countries. It features sea ice, glaciers, permafrost, tundra, and unique polar ecosystems, making it environmentally sensitive. The Arctic region is also known as the <strong>frigid zone<\/strong> or the <strong>land of the midnight sun<\/strong>. The land of the midnight sun is called due to the Earth&#8217;s axial tilt, the sun remains visible for 24 hours a day for a period during the summer.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Arctic Regions&#8217; governance is guided by UNCLOS, the Arctic Council, the Polar Code, and the Svalbard Treaty, ensuring resource management and cooperation. Climate change is rapidly altering its ice cover and ecosystems, affecting global weather and sea levels.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong>Also Read: <a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/atlantic-ocean\/\" target=\"_blank\">Atlantic Ocean<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<h2><b>Arctic Region Geographical Features<\/b><\/h2>\n<ol>\n<li><b> Location &amp; Extent<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Lies north of the Arctic Circle (66\u00b0 33\u2019 N).<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Includes the Arctic Ocean and parts of Canada, Denmark (Greenland), Finland, Iceland, Norway, Russia, Sweden, and the United States (Alaska)..<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Defined by extreme cold, polar climate, and unique ecosystems.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol start=\"2\">\n<li><b> Arctic Ocean<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">World\u2019s smallest and shallowest ocean.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Composed of major basins: Eurasian Basin and Amerasian Basin.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Bordered by marginal seas like Barents, Kara, Laptev, Chukchi, Beaufort, Greenland Sea.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol start=\"3\">\n<li><b> Sea Ice Cover<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Seasonal: expands in winter, shrinks sharply in summer.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">2025 sea-ice maximum was the lowest ever recorded, showing rapid melting.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Multi-year ice declining, replaced by thin first-year ice.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol start=\"4\">\n<li><b> Permafrost<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Permanently frozen ground found in Alaska, Canada, Russia, Greenland.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Covers around 24% of Northern Hemisphere land area.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Thawing releases methane and damages buildings, pipelines, and roads.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol start=\"5\">\n<li><b> Glaciers &amp; Ice Sheets<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Greenland holds the second-largest ice sheet globally.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Major glaciers rapidly retreating due to climate warming.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Significant contributor to global sea-level rise.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol start=\"6\">\n<li><b> Tundra Biome<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Treeless landscape dominated by mosses, lichens, grasses, and shrubs.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Extremely short summers support sudden plant and wildlife activity.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Experiencing \u201cArctic greening\u201d due to rising temperatures.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol start=\"7\">\n<li><b> Climate Characteristics<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Polar night in winter (24 hours darkness).<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Midnight sun in summer (24 hours daylight).<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Arctic warming 3-4 times faster than global average.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Due to its high latitude, the Arctic experiences months of continuous daylight in summer and months of darkness in winter.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol start=\"8\">\n<li><b> Mountains &amp; Landforms<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ranges include Brooks Range (Alaska), Ural Mountains, Scandes.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Landforms include fjords, frozen rivers, glaciers, coastal cliffs, braided streams.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Coastal areas face rapid erosion due to ice melt and wave action.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol start=\"9\">\n<li><b> Islands &amp; Archipelagos<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Major islands: Greenland, Svalbard, Iceland, Canadian Arctic Archipelago, Franz Josef Land.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Most islands sparsely populated and highly sensitive to climate change.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol start=\"10\">\n<li><b> Ocean Currents<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Warm North Atlantic Current reduces ice in the European Arctic.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Cold Arctic Basin circulations maintain sea-ice formation.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Current changes influence global weather patterns.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol start=\"11\">\n<li><b> Unique Biodiversity<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Species adapted to extreme cold: polar bears, walrus, seals, Arctic fox, narwhal.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Rich summer marine productivity due to sunlight and open water.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Many species threatened by sea-ice loss.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"my-image my-image-align-none aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 100%; height: 626px; border: 2px dashed #ccc; width: 460px;\" src=\"https:\/\/d35xcwcl37xo08.cloudfront.net\/current-affairs-wp-uploads\/2025\/11\/arctic-map.webp\" alt=\"arctic region map\" width=\"460\" height=\"626\" data-wp-shortcode=\"%5Bmy_image%20src%3D%22https%3A%2F%2Fvajiramandravi.com%2Fcurrent-affairs%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2025%2F11%2Farctic-map.webp%22%20size%3D%22full%22%20align%3D%22none%22%20width%3D%22460%22%20height%3D%22626%22%20alt%3D%22arctic%20region%20map%22%20title%3D%22arctic-map%22%5D\" \/><\/p>\n<h2><b>Strategic Importance of the Arctic Region<\/b><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Arctic is becoming important because melting ice is opening new <\/span><b>shorter shipping routes<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> between Europe and Asia, saving <\/span><b>30-40% travel time<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> compared to the Suez Canal route.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It holds huge energy resources. Studies show the Arctic may contain <\/span><b>13% of the world\u2019s undiscovered oil<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and <\/span><b>30% of undiscovered natural gas<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, making it valuable for future energy needs.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Many countries are increasing their <\/span><b>naval presence, patrols, and icebreaker ships<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> in the region to protect their interests and secure new sea routes.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Russia controls more than <\/span><b>half of the Arctic coastline<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, and along with the USA, Canada, and Nordic countries, is strengthening military bases there.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>China<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> calls itself a \u201cNear-Arctic State\u201d and is investing in research and shipping access, increasing global competition.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Melting ice is opening access to <\/span><b>new fishing grounds and mineral resources<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, which countries want to claim early.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">For India, the Arctic matters for climate impacts on monsoons, future trade routes, energy security, and participating in global rule-making.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Also Read: <a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/pacific-ocean\/\" target=\"_blank\">Pacific Ocean<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<h2><b>Climate Change Impact on the Arctic<\/b><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Arctic is warming <\/span><b>3 to 4 times faster<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> than the rest of the world, making it the fastest-heating region on Earth.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Sea ice is shrinking rapidly<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. In recent years, both winter maximum and summer minimum ice levels have hit record lows.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">As the ice melts, more sunlight is absorbed by dark ocean water, which makes the Arctic heat up even more. This is called the <\/span><b>albedo effect<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Greenland\u2019s ice sheet is melting at high speed<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, adding significantly to global sea-level rise.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Permafrost (permanently frozen ground)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> is thawing, releasing methane\u2014a powerful greenhouse gas, which further increases global warming.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Thawing permafrost damages <\/span><b>roads, buildings, pipelines, and homes<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> in Arctic communities, creating huge economic losses.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Wildlife such as <\/span><b>polar bears, walrus, seals, and Arctic foxes<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> are losing their natural habitats, affecting food chains and survival.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Warmer waters are changing <\/span><b>fish migration patterns<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, impacting both local communities and global fisheries.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Melting sea ice allows more shipping, tourism, and drilling, increasing risks of <\/span><b>oil spills and accidents<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> in fragile ecosystems.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><b>India\u2019s Engagement and Interests in the Arctic<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">India\u2019s engagement in the Arctic Region focuses on scientific research, climate studies, and strengthening international cooperation through forums like the <\/span><b>Arctic Council<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. India aims to understand climate impacts, secure future energy resources, and contribute to sustainable development in the region.<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">India is connected to the Arctic mainly through <\/span><b>climate<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, because changes in the Arctic affect India\u2019s <\/span><b>monsoon patterns, sea levels, and weather extremes<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">India became an <\/span><b>Observer in the Arctic Council in 2013<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, giving it access to scientific cooperation, policy discussions, and research opportunities.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">India runs a permanent research station in Svalbard, Norway called <\/span><b>Himadri (established in 2008)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, used for glaciology, atmospheric studies, and climate research.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">India also operates an underwater moored observatory called <\/span><b>IndARC (since 2014)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> to study Arctic Ocean currents and how they influence the Indian monsoon.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The <\/span><b>National Centre for Polar and Ocean Research (NCPOR)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> leads India\u2019s Arctic studies, focusing on ice-core analysis, permafrost studies, and climate change.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">India\u2019s <\/span><b>Arctic Policy (2022)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> aims to expand research, strengthen international cooperation, and explore opportunities in energy, minerals, and new shipping routes.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Melting Arctic ice can create <\/span><b>shorter shipping routes<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (like the Northern Sea Route), which may help India reduce travel time for trade with Europe.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Also Read: <a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/indian-ocean\/\" target=\"_blank\">Indian Ocean<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<h2><b>International Laws and Governance in the Arctic<\/b><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/united-nations-convention-on-the-law-of-the-sea\/\" target=\"_blank\">United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea<\/a> (UNCLOS)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> defines rights over territorial waters, Exclusive Economic Zones (EEZ), and the seabed, guiding how Arctic states use marine resources.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Arctic Council<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> acts as the main cooperation forum for Arctic issues, focusing on environment, research, and sustainable development (not security). The Arctic Council members include <\/span><b>Canada, Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, Sweden, Russia, and the United States<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Svalbard Treaty (1920)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> allows Norway sovereignty over the Svalbard Islands but gives signatory countries equal rights to engage in commercial activities there. India too signed this treaty in 1920.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Polar Code (IMO, 2017)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> sets safety and environmental rules for ships operating in Arctic waters.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Search and Rescue (SAR) Agreement, 2011<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> under the Arctic Council ensures coordination among Arctic nations for emergencies.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Fisheries Agreement (2018)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> bans unregulated commercial fishing in the Central Arctic Ocean for 16 years, promoting scientific study first.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><b>Arctic Region Challenges<\/b><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Pollution and Black Carbon from shipping and industry accelerates ice melt and harms marine and terrestrial ecosystems.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Unregulated Fishing Threats<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> increase as warming waters attract commercial fish stocks to new regions.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Limited Infrastructure<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (ports, rescue systems, weather stations) makes operations, tourism, and shipping unsafe and difficult.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Geopolitical Tensions<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> have grown as countries compete for energy reserves, minerals, and control over new sea routes like the Northern Sea Route.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Loss of Sea Ice<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> opens new shipping routes but increases risks like accidents, oil spills, and disturbance to marine life.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Ecosystem Fragility<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> makes Arctic wildlife, polar bears, seals, walruses, and migratory birds highly vulnerable to warming, pollution, and habitat change.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><b>Way Forward<\/b><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Enforce Strong Environmental Protection: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Arctic has already lost <\/span><b>over 75% of its summer sea ice volume since 1979<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Strict rules on shipping, drilling, and pollution are needed to prevent irreversible ecological damage.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Strengthen Global Climate Action: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Arctic is warming <\/span><b>four times faster<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> than the global average. Reducing global CO\u2082 and black-carbon emissions is essential to slow further ice melts.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Expand Scientific Collaboration: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Climate models show that a <\/span><b>1\u00b0C rise in Arctic temperature can increase extreme monsoon variability<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> in Asia. Joint research by India, Arctic nations, and global bodies can improve climate predictions and disaster planning.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Improve Search, Rescue &amp; Infrastructure: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Arctic shipping increased by <\/span><b>44% between 2013 and 2023<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> due to melting ice. More icebreakers, ports, and emergency systems are needed to handle accidents and oil spill risks.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Promote Sustainable Resource Use: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Commercial fishing is still banned in the Central Arctic Ocean until <\/span><b>2037<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, but warming waters could attract new species. A precautionary approach is necessary to avoid overfishing.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Encourage Peaceful Cooperation: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">As Russia controls <\/span><b>53% of Arctic coastlines<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, tensions have risen. Diplomatic engagement is necessary to prevent militarization and keep the region peaceful.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Enhance India\u2019s Arctic Role: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">India\u2019s Himadri station (since <\/span><b>2008<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">) and its <\/span><b>2022 Arctic Policy<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> support research on monsoons, climate, and polar science. Expanding these programs can strengthen India\u2019s climate resilience.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Arctic Region includes the Arctic Ocean, unique polar ecosystems, shrinking sea ice and permafrost. Learn its geography, climate risks, laws and global relevance.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":27,"featured_media":74626,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[786],"tags":[3933],"class_list":{"0":"post-75510","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-general-studies","8":"tag-arctic-region","9":"no-featured-image-padding"},"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/75510","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/27"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=75510"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/75510\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/74626"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=75510"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=75510"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=75510"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}