{"id":76645,"date":"2025-12-06T11:13:24","date_gmt":"2025-12-06T05:43:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/?p=76645"},"modified":"2025-12-06T11:13:24","modified_gmt":"2025-12-06T05:43:24","slug":"daily-editorial-analysis-6-december-2025","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/daily-editorial-analysis-6-december-2025\/","title":{"rendered":"Daily Editorial Analysis 6 December 2025"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2><strong>A Growing Shadow Over Digital Constitutionalism<\/strong><\/h2>\n<h3><strong>Context<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>The Indian government\u2019s abrupt decision to revoke its directive mandating the pre-installation of the Sanchar Saathi application exposed growing tensions between digital governance and constitutional freedoms.<\/li>\n<li>The rollback, prompted by criticism over <strong>privacy risks, opaque data collection, lack of consent, and potential surveillance<\/strong>, underscored the fragile balance between technological efficiency and civil liberties.<\/li>\n<li>The episode also highlighted the urgent need for a framework that embeds constitutional values within digital systems, an idea captured by <strong>digital constitutionalism<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><strong>The Case of Sanchar Saathi: A Trigger for Debate<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>The Sanchar Saathi initiative was framed as a response to rising cybercrime, which increased from 15.9 lakh cases in 2023 to 20.4 lakh in 2024.<\/li>\n<li>Yet the requirement for mandatory installation raised concerns about <strong>state overreach<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li>Pushback from privacy advocates, civil society, and global technology providers signalled growing unease with digital policies implemented without transparency or citizen consent.<\/li>\n<li>The incident demonstrated how digital interventions, even when introduced as public safety measures, can <strong>threaten individual autonomy<\/strong> when unchecked by constitutional safeguards.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><strong>Understanding Digital Constitutionalism<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Digital constitutionalism extends core constitutional values, liberty, dignity, equality, non-arbitrariness, accountability, and rule of law, into the digital sphere.<\/li>\n<li>This framework becomes essential as <strong>modern governance<\/strong> increasingly depends on biometric systems, artificial intelligence, predictive algorithms, and automated decision-making.<\/li>\n<li>These technologies influence daily life, from welfare distribution and KYC verification to job applications and political expression.<\/li>\n<li>Without oversight, power becomes concentrated in the hands of technology creators, enforcement agencies, and private corporations.<\/li>\n<li>Citizens are transformed into <strong>passive data subjects<\/strong> rather than active rights-holders, eroding democratic participation and transparency.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><strong>The New Architecture of Surveillance<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Contemporary surveillance is increasingly <strong>invisible and pervasive<\/strong>. Metadata collection, facial recognition, geolocation tracking, and behavioural analytics allow monitoring without physical presence.<\/li>\n<li>Such systems can <strong>discourage dissent<\/strong>, promote self-censorship, and undermine democratic culture.<\/li>\n<li>Although the Puttaswamy judgment established privacy as a fundamental right, the Digital Personal Data Protection Act, 2023 provides <strong>broad government exemptions, weak oversight<\/strong>, and limited remedies.<\/li>\n<li>The spread of facial recognition technologies adds further risks. Studies show these systems disproportionately misidentify <strong>women, minorities, and people of colour<\/strong>, leading to discrimination and wrongful targeting.<\/li>\n<li>Despite international caution and restrictions, such technologies are expanding in India without strict legal limits, transparency mandates, or judicial review.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><strong>Algorithmic Power and the Crisis of Accountability<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Algorithms now influence welfare eligibility, law enforcement profiling, content moderation, and access to jobs or credit.<\/li>\n<li>These black box systems often operate without explanations, accountability, or avenues for appeal. Errors can lead to <strong>wrongful exclusion from welfare<\/strong>, unfair policing, or suppression of legitimate speech.<\/li>\n<li>India\u2019s current legal framework, dominated by the <strong>Information Technology Act, 2000<\/strong>, focuses more on platform regulation than on safeguarding individual liberties.<\/li>\n<li>Existing judicial guidelines are fragmented, and remedies remain inaccessible for most citizens.<\/li>\n<li>This legal vacuum creates an environment where algorithmic systems can quietly violate <strong>equality, fairness, and due process<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><strong>The Democratic Paradox of the Digital Age<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Digital systems now shape rights and state power as profoundly as traditional institutions, yet they remain <strong>outside constitutional discipline<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li>This mismatch threatens democratic accountability. As governance becomes more data-driven, constitutional values must be embedded directly into digital infrastructures to prevent the <strong>unchecked expansion of surveillance<\/strong> and administrative power.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><strong>Towards a Model of Digital Constitutionalism<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>A meaningful framework for digital constitutionalism requires <strong>institutional safeguards<\/strong>:<\/li>\n<li>Creation of an <strong>independent digital rights commission<\/strong> empowered to audit algorithms and investigate surveillance practices.<\/li>\n<li>Strict limits on surveillance based on <strong>necessity, proportionality, and judicial oversight<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li>Mandatory <strong>public transparency reports<\/strong>, parliamentary scrutiny, and regular audits of high-risk AI systems.<\/li>\n<li>Guaranteed <strong>rights to explanation and appeal<\/strong> for automated decisions.<\/li>\n<li>Strong enforcement of <strong>purpose limitation, data minimisation<\/strong>, and penalties for misuse.<\/li>\n<li>Promotion of <strong>digital literacy<\/strong> as a tool for democratic empowerment.<\/li>\n<li>These measures would ensure that technology strengthens rather than weakens constitutional rights.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><strong>Conclusion<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>As governance becomes increasingly algorithmic, <strong>freedom, equality, and privacy<\/strong> require stronger protection than ever before.<\/li>\n<li>Digital constitutionalism offers a pathway to ensure that technology remains a <strong>servant of the people<\/strong>, not an instrument of unregulated power.<\/li>\n<li>Embedding constitutional principles into digital systems is essential to preserving democratic life in the data-driven era.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><strong>A Growing Shadow Over Digital Constitutionalism FAQs<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><strong>Q1. <\/strong>What prompted the discussion on digital constitutionalism?<br \/>\n<strong>Ans. <\/strong>The government&#8217;s rollback of the Sanchar Saathi mandate prompted the discussion on digital constitutionalism.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Q2. <\/strong>Why is digital constitutionalism necessary?<br \/>\n<strong>Ans. <\/strong>Digital constitutionalism is necessary to ensure that constitutional values such as liberty, dignity, and equality are protected in digital governance.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Q3. <\/strong>How does modern surveillance threaten democracy?<br \/>\n<strong>Ans. <\/strong>Modern surveillance threatens democracy by encouraging self-censorship and reducing citizens\u2019 freedom of expression.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Q4. <\/strong>What problem arises from algorithmic decision-making systems?<br \/>\n<strong>Ans. <\/strong>Algorithmic decision-making systems create problems because they often operate without transparency, accountability, or avenues for appeal.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Q5. <\/strong>What institutional reform is suggested to safeguard digital rights?<br \/>\n<strong>Ans. <\/strong>The analysis suggests creating an independent digital rights commission to safeguard digital rights.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Source: <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/opinion\/lead\/a-growing-shadow-over-digital-constitutionalism\/article70362964.ece\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">The Hindu<\/a><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h2><strong>Chile\u2019s Lesson for India\u2019s Coal Conundrum<\/strong><\/h2>\n<h3><strong>Context<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>India\u2019s sharp drop in the Climate Change Performance Index (CCPI) underscores a central contradiction in its energy landscape: significant renewable-energy growth alongside <strong>continued deep dependence on coal<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li>This dependence has become India\u2019s largest obstacle to decarbonisation, with severe implications for climate, health, and economic stability.<\/li>\n<li>A comparison with Chile highlights both possibilities and constraints in accelerating a coal phaseout.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><strong>India\u2019s Coal Conundrum<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Despite rapid expansion of clean energy, <strong>coal remains the dominant source of India\u2019s electricity<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li>Renewables represent half of installed capacity but produce only one-fifth of total electricity, while coal accounts for nearly<strong> 75% of power generation<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li>Domestic coal production continues to increase, reinforcing the dependence.<\/li>\n<li>This creates a severe policy dilemma. Phasing out coal risks <strong>job losses and higher electricity costs<\/strong> for coal-dependent States.<\/li>\n<li>Yet retaining it heightens the threat of <strong>climate-induced economic damage<\/strong>, projected to cut <strong>3%-10% of India\u2019s GDP by 2100<\/strong>, and worsens public health risks.<\/li>\n<li>A one-gigawatt increase in coal-fired capacity corresponds to a <strong>14% rise in infant mortality<\/strong> in nearby districts.<\/li>\n<li>Coal phaseout is therefore a <strong>no regrets strategy<\/strong> essential for protecting long-term economic and social welfare.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><strong>Chile\u2019s Accelerated Shift: A Contrast and a Lesson<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Chile demonstrates how clear policy signals and market reform can drive rapid energy transformation.<\/li>\n<li>Between 2016 and 2024, <strong>coal\u2019s share in electricity generation fell from 43.6% to 17.5%<\/strong>, while renewables, mainly solar and wind, exceeded 60% of the power mix.<\/li>\n<li>This shift was enabled by a <strong>carbon tax<\/strong>, <strong>strict emission standards<\/strong> that increased coal-plant costs by 30%, and competitive renewable auctions that delivered cheaper clean power.<\/li>\n<li>Large-scale investments in storage strengthened grid reliability, and the country committed to a <strong>complete coal phaseout by 2040<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li>Chile\u2019s transition was made easier by a <strong>smaller coal sector<\/strong>, fewer workers to reskill, and a political context that supported swift reforms.<\/li>\n<li>Pre-existing alternative industries helped absorb displaced labour. In contrast, India\u2019s coal sector spans <strong>entire districts of Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh, Odisha, and West Bengal<\/strong>, making transition more complex and socially sensitive.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><strong>A Road Map for India\u2019s Decarbonisation<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<h4><strong>Strengthening Renewable Integration<\/strong><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>Addressing renewable limitations is essential for reducing coal dependence.<\/li>\n<li>This includes expanding storage capacity, modernising the grid, and <strong>supporting electrification of transport, industry, and households<\/strong> to increase renewable power demand.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<h4><strong>Reforming Energy Markets and Regulations<\/strong><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>Market reform must disincentivise coal and reward clean energy.<\/li>\n<li>Priority steps include <strong>carbon pricing<\/strong>, <strong>removal of coal subsidies<\/strong>, <strong>clean-dispatch rules<\/strong> that prioritise renewable power, and <strong>procurement contracts<\/strong> that favour flexible, clean-energy supply.<\/li>\n<li>Such reforms can replicate the competitive environment that accelerated Chile\u2019s transition.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<h4><strong>Ensuring a Just Transition for Workers and Regions<\/strong><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>A coal exit must be socially inclusive. This requires reskilling programmes, income support, and <strong>new livelihood opportunities<\/strong> for workers in coal-dependent regions.<\/li>\n<li>A national mechanism such as the <strong>Green Energy Transition India Fund<\/strong> can coordinate support efforts, while the <strong>District Mineral Foundation<\/strong> can promote local entrepreneurship and diversification in mining districts.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<h4><strong>Financing the Transition<\/strong><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>A blended finance model will be crucial. Public funds should target community welfare, worker protection, and enabling infrastructure, while private capital drives <strong>renewables deployment, storage expansion, and technological innovation<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li>Aligning financial incentives with decarbonisation will strengthen execution and investor confidence.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><strong>Conclusion<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>India\u2019s renewable-energy progress provides a strong foundation, but without a <strong>clear and actionable coal-exit plan<\/strong>, climate ambition will remain incomplete.<\/li>\n<li>A national coal phaseout road map must now be a <strong>top political priority<\/strong>, integrating timelines, financing mechanisms, regulatory reform, and robust social protection.<\/li>\n<li>Learning from Chile\u2019s experience, India can build a transition that is economically resilient, socially just, and aligned with its long-term climate goals.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><strong>Chile\u2019s Lesson for India\u2019s Coal Conundrum<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><strong>Q1.<\/strong> Why did India drop in the Climate Change Performance Index?<br \/>\n<strong>Ans.<\/strong> India dropped in the index because it has made little progress in phasing out coal.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><strong>Q2.<\/strong> What major contrast exists between India and Chile\u2019s energy transition?<br \/>\n<strong>Ans.<\/strong> Chile has rapidly reduced coal use and expanded renewables, while India remains heavily dependent on coal.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><strong>Q3.<\/strong> Why is coal phaseout described as a \u201cno regrets\u201d strategy?<br \/>\n<strong>Ans.<\/strong> It prevents climate-related economic damage and reduces severe health risks for communities near coal plants.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Q4.<\/strong> What is one key reform needed to reduce India\u2019s coal dependence?<br \/>\n<strong>Ans.<\/strong> India needs to reform energy markets by introducing carbon pricing and reducing coal subsidies.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Q5.<\/strong> How can India ensure a just transition for coal-dependent regions?<br \/>\n<strong>Ans.<\/strong> India can ensure a just transition by reskilling workers and creating alternative livelihood opportunities.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Source: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/opinion\/op-ed\/chiles-lesson-for-indias-coal-conundrum\/article70363013.ece\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">The Hindu<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h2><strong>India\u2019s Labour Codes &#8211; Reforming a Restrictive Legacy for a Modern Workforce<\/strong><\/h2>\n<h3><strong>Context<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>India\u2019s <strong>labour market<\/strong> has long been shaped by post-Independence labour laws aimed at protecting workers but which eventually <strong>discouraged formalisation<\/strong>, scaling of enterprises, and labour-intensive manufacturing.<\/li>\n<li>The government\u2019s <strong>consolidation<\/strong> of 29 labour laws into <strong>four labour codes <\/strong>seeks to simplify compliance, expand social protection, and create a flexible and growth-oriented labour ecosystem.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><strong>Background &#8211; A Legacy of Rigid Labour Regulation<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<h4><strong>Industrial Disputes Act (IDA), 1947<\/strong><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>It created powerful disincentives for firms to expand, leading to sub-optimal firm size, and resulted in &#8211;\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Fragmentation <\/strong>into micro and small informal units.<\/li>\n<li>Low productivity and limited access to technology and capital.<\/li>\n<li>Benefits accruing only to a small minority of <strong>formal, unionised workers<\/strong>, leaving most workers outside legal protection.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<h4><strong>Contract Labour Act (CLA), 1970, and Amendments (1976, 1982)<\/strong><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>It increased compliance requirements for contract labour.<\/li>\n<li>Lowered thresholds for government permission for layoffs.<\/li>\n<li>Reinforced the rigid regulatory environment even after <strong>1991 economic liberalisation.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><strong>Structural Consequences of Past Laws<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>India became a country of numerous informal, small-scale enterprises.<\/li>\n<li>Firms avoided hiring due to fear of crossing regulatory thresholds.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Job creation lagged<\/strong> behind economic growth, widening the informal sector.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><strong>The Four Labour Codes &#8211; A Paradigm Shift<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<h4><strong>Code on Wages, 2019 \u2013 Universal wage protection<\/strong><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Key provisions:<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>Establishes a uniform national framework for minimum wages.<\/li>\n<li>Ensures timely wage payments across all sectors.<\/li>\n<li>Mandatory appointment letters to boost formalisation and transparency.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Significance:<\/strong> Extends wage protection to workers previously excluded (informal sector, unorganised segments).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<h4><strong>Code on Social Security, 2020 \u2013 Inclusive social protection<\/strong><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Key provisions:<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>Extends social security to gig workers, platform workers, and other modern workforce categories.<\/li>\n<li>Recognises delivery workers, ride-share drivers, and freelancers in labour law.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Significance:<\/strong> Modernises the safety net in line with changing work patterns in a digital economy.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<h4><strong>Industrial Relations Code, 2020 \u2013 Flexibility with safeguards<\/strong><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Key provisions:<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>Simplifies procedures for layoffs and retrenchment for medium-sized firms.<\/li>\n<li>Provides dispute-resolution mechanisms.<\/li>\n<li>Maintains worker protection against arbitrary dismissal.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Significance: <\/strong>Reduces uncertainty and encourages scaling and formal hiring.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<h4><strong>Occupational Safety, Health and Working Conditions Code, 2020 \u2013 Safer workplaces<\/strong><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Key provisions:<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>Consolidates fragmented safety and working condition norms.<\/li>\n<li>Applicable across sectors like construction, mining, and manufacturing.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Significance: <\/strong>Promotes safer workplaces, investment in modern technology, and worker dignity.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><strong>Simplified Compliance and Ease of Doing Business<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Merges multiple registrations, licences, inspections, and returns into &#8211;\n<ul>\n<li><strong>One registration<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>One licence<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>One return<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Reduces bureaucratic friction, particularly benefiting MSMEs. Encourages formalisation and scaling.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><strong>Role of States in Labour Reform Outcomes<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Empirical evidence &#8211; States implementing<strong> flexible labour reforms<\/strong> benefited more from trade liberalisation.<\/li>\n<li>Most state-level reforms historically have been limited.<\/li>\n<li>Full implementation of labour codes by states will determine investments, job creation, and industrial competitiveness.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><strong>Challenges<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Implementation delays: <\/strong>States have been slow to finalise rules, limiting the nationwide rollout of the codes.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Capacity constraints<\/strong>: Smaller firms may struggle to adapt to digital compliance systems.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Balancing flexibility and worker protection<\/strong>: Ensuring that flexibility does not lead to worker exploitation.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Awareness and outreach<\/strong>: Gig\/platform workers often lack awareness of their new entitlements under the codes.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Political economy constraints<\/strong>: Labour is a <strong>Concurrent List<\/strong> subject; state-level political variations hinder uniform adoption.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><strong>Way Forward<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Fast-track state-level implementation<\/strong>: Harmonise rules across states for predictable labour regulation.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Strengthen digital infrastructure<\/strong>: User-friendly compliance portals for MSMEs.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Robust social security systems for gig workers<\/strong>: Clear mechanisms for contributions, benefits, and dispute resolution.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Employer\u2013worker dialogue<\/strong>: Strengthen industrial relations bodies for faster dispute resolution and trust-building.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Continuous monitoring<\/strong>: Real-time evaluation of the codes\u2019 impact on hiring, productivity, and formalisation.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><strong>Conclusion<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>India\u2019s labour codes mark <strong>a historic shift <\/strong>from rigid, protectionist labour laws to a modern, flexible, and inclusive labour governance framework.<\/li>\n<li>By simplifying compliance, expanding social protections, recognising new forms of work, and enabling firms to scale, the codes aim to <strong>unlock India\u2019s employment<\/strong> and industrial growth potential.<\/li>\n<li>Successful implementation\u2014particularly by states\u2014will determine whether India can transition from a fragmented, informal labour system to a productive, formal, and globally competitive labour market, thereby <strong>harnessing the full potential of its vast workforce.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><strong>India\u2019s Labour Codes FAQs<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><strong>Q1<\/strong>. How did the Industrial Disputes Act (IDA), 1947 create structural distortions in India\u2019s labour market?<\/p>\n<p><strong>Ans<\/strong>. The IDA incentivised firms to stay small, encouraging informal micro-units, leading to low productivity and widespread informality.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Q2<\/strong>. What is the significance of the Code on Wages, 2019 in promoting inclusive labour protection?<\/p>\n<p><strong>Ans<\/strong>. It establishes a uniform national minimum wage framework and universal wage protection, bringing informal workers under legal coverage.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Q3<\/strong>. How do the new labour codes improve ease of doing business for Indian firms?<\/p>\n<p><strong>Ans<\/strong>. They simplify compliance through single registration, single licence, and single return, reducing bureaucratic hurdles for MSMEs.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Q4<\/strong>. Why is the inclusion of gig and platform workers under the Social Security Code important?<\/p>\n<p><strong>Ans<\/strong>. It legally recognises emerging workforce categories and extends social security benefits to digital-era workers for the first time.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Q5<\/strong>. Why is state-level implementation crucial for realising the benefits of labour reforms?<\/p>\n<p><strong>Ans<\/strong>. Labour is a Concurrent List subject, and states that fully enforce the codes are more likely to attract investment, and generate jobs.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Source: <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/indianexpress.com\/article\/opinion\/columns\/new-labour-codes-are-a-win-win-for-workers-and-employers-10404982\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\"><strong>IE<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Daily Editorial Analysis 6 December 2025 by Vajiram &#038; Ravi covers key editorials from The Hindu &#038; Indian Express with UPSC-focused insights and relevance.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":20,"featured_media":50653,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[138],"tags":[141,882,909],"class_list":{"0":"post-76645","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-daily-editorial-analysis","8":"tag-daily-editorial-analysis","9":"tag-the-hindu-editorial-analysis","10":"tag-the-indian-express-analysis","11":"no-featured-image-padding"},"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/76645","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/20"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=76645"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/76645\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/50653"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=76645"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=76645"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=76645"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}