{"id":80631,"date":"2026-04-15T09:25:43","date_gmt":"2026-04-15T03:55:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/?p=80631"},"modified":"2026-04-16T16:48:33","modified_gmt":"2026-04-16T11:18:33","slug":"oil-reserves-in-india","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/oil-reserves-in-india\/","title":{"rendered":"Oil Reserves in India, Formation, Distribution, Map, Govt Initiatives"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Oil Reserves in India play a crucial role in ensuring the country\u2019s energy security, economic stability, and industrial growth. Petroleum oil is the backbone of transportation, manufacturing, power generation, and defence sectors. Despite being one of the largest consumers of crude oil in the world, India has limited domestic oil reserves, making it heavily dependent on imports.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><b>Oil Reserves in India<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">India has <\/span><b>moderate proven oil reserves<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> compared to global standards. These reserves are unevenly distributed and largely confined to specific geological regions. The country\u2019s sedimentary basins cover nearly 3.36 million square kilometres, but only a portion has been explored so far.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Domestic crude oil production meets <\/span><b>only 15-18% of India\u2019s total demand<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, while the rest is fulfilled through imports from West Asia, Russia, and Africa. This makes the development of Oil Reserves in India a strategic priority.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong>Also Read: <a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/coal-mines-in-india\/\" target=\"_blank\">Coal Mines In India<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<h2><b>Constituents of Petroleum and Mineral Oil<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Petroleum, also known as mineral oil, is a complex mixture of hydrocarbons along with small amounts of other organic compounds. It is formed over millions of years from decomposed organic matter under high pressure and temperature in sedimentary rocks.<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Hydrocarbons (90\u201395%)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u2013 Mainly compounds of hydrogen and carbon, forming alkanes, cycloalkanes, and aromatic hydrocarbons.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Organic compounds (5\u201310%)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u2013 Contain oxygen, nitrogen, sulphur, and other elements.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Trace organo-metallic compounds<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u2013 Include metals like vanadium and nickel present in very small amounts.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Minor impurities<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u2013 Influence refining processes and environmental emissions when combusted.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><b>Formation of Petroleum and Mineral Oil<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Petroleum or mineral oil is formed over millions of years through geological and biochemical processes in sedimentary rocks. Its formation requires specific conditions of organic matter accumulation, burial, pressure, and temperature.<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Origin:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Derived from the remains of <\/span><b>microscopic plants and animals<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> deposited in sediments millions of years ago.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Sedimentary Rock Requirement:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Only occurs in <\/span><b>porous and permeable sedimentary rocks<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> capable of storing oil.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Porosity:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Rocks must have <\/span><b>tiny pores or gaps<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> to accommodate sufficient quantities of oil.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Permeability:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Pores must be <\/span><b>interconnected<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> to allow oil and gas to flow when wells are drilled.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Impervious Cap Rock:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Porous rocks must be capped by <\/span><b>impermeable layers<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> to prevent oil from escaping.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><b>Accumulation in Traps:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Oil generally accumulates in <\/span><b>anticlines, fault traps, and other geological traps<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Favourable Geological Period:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Most petroleum in India formed during the <\/span><b>Tertiary period<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> when conditions for organic deposition were ideal.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Transformation Process:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Buried organic matter undergoes <\/span><b>heat and pressure<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, converting it into hydrocarbons over millions of years.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><b>Distribution of Petroleum and Mineral Oil in India<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Distribution of Petroleum and Mineral Oil in India is closely linked to sedimentary basins formed over millions of years. These basins contain organic matter that, under heat and pressure, transformed into hydrocarbons.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><b>1. Assam (Brahmaputra Valley)<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Assam is the oldest oil-producing region in India and holds a historic position in the country\u2019s petroleum industry. Oil-bearing strata extend for nearly 320 km along the Brahmaputra Valley in Upper Assam. The oil occurs in Tertiary sedimentary rocks associated with anticlines and fault traps.<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Oldest oil-producing state in India<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Major oilfields: <\/span><b>Digboi, Naharkatiya, Moran-Hugrijan<\/b><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Digboi is the <\/span><b>oldest oilfield in India<\/b><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Oil is refined mainly at <\/span><b>Digboi, Guwahati, Bongaigaon, and Barauni<\/b><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Oilfields are relatively inaccessible and far from major consumption centres<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><b>2. Gujarat (Cambay Basin)<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Gujarat is one of the most important on-shore oil-producing regions in western India. The oilfields are mainly located in the Cambay (Khambhat) Basin, which contains thick sedimentary deposits rich in hydrocarbons.<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Major oilfields: Ankleshwar, Kalol, Mehsana, Nawgam, Kosamba, Kathana, Barkol, Sanand<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Ankleshwar<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> is the most productive oilfield of the state<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Oil is transported to refineries at <\/span><b>Trombay and Koyali<\/b><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Well-developed pipeline network supports production and refining<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><b>3. Rajasthan (Barmer\u2013Sanchor Basin)<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Rajasthan has emerged as India\u2019s largest on-shore oil-producing state due to major discoveries in the Barmer region. The basin contains significant reserves trapped in sandstone formations.<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">One of the largest inland oil discoveries in India<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Major oilfields: <\/span><b>Mangala, Saraswati, Rajeshwari<\/b><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Contributes significantly to India\u2019s domestic crude oil output<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Modern extraction technology used for enhanced oil recovery<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><b>4. Mumbai High (Western Offshore Region)<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Mumbai High is the largest and most productive oil-producing region in India. It is an off-shore oilfield located in the Arabian Sea, about 160 km west of Mumbai. Discovered in 1974, it lies in Miocene-age rock strata.<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Largest contributor to India\u2019s crude oil production<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Located in the western off-shore basin<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Supported by advanced offshore drilling platforms like <\/span><b>Sagar Samrat<\/b><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Includes nearby fields such as Bassein<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><b>5. Krishna\u2013Godavari Basin (Eastern Offshore Region)<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Krishna\u2013Godavari (KG) Basin along the eastern coast is an important emerging oil and gas-producing region. It holds substantial hydrocarbon potential in both on-shore and off-shore areas.<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Located off the coast of Andhra Pradesh<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Important off-shore oilfield: <\/span><b>Rava<\/b><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Significant reserves of both oil and natural gas<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Considered one of India\u2019s most promising future energy regions<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><b>6. Cauvery Basin (Tamil Nadu and Offshore Areas)<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Cauvery Basin is another important oil-producing region located in Tamil Nadu and adjoining offshore areas. The basin has both on-shore and off-shore oilfields.<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Important oilfields: <\/span><b>Narimanam, Kovilappal<\/b><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Oil found in Tertiary sedimentary formations<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Moderate but steady contribution to domestic production<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Also Read: <a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/silver-production-in-india\/\" target=\"_blank\">Silver Production in India<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<h2><b>Oil Reserves in India Map<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">An Oil Reserves in India Map highlights the concentration of petroleum resources along the western coast and north-eastern region. Offshore areas dominate India\u2019s oil production, while onshore reserves are relatively scattered.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><b>India\u2019s Oil Reserves vs Global Oil Reserves<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">India\u2019s oil reserves are very limited compared to global oil-rich nations, even though India is among the top crude oil consumers worldwide. While India holds less than 1% of global proven oil reserves, countries in the Middle East and Russia dominate global reserves, making India highly dependent on imports.<\/span><\/p>\n<table style=\"width: 88.8135%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"tb-color\" style=\"text-align: center; width: 102.301%;\" colspan=\"2\"><b>India\u2019s Oil Reserves vs Global Oil Reserves<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center; width: 51.5163%;\"><b>India<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center; width: 50.7846%;\"><b>Global Oil Reserves<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 51.5163%;\">\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Less than 1% share of proven oil reserves<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 50.7846%;\">\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Over 50% reserves concentrated in the Middle East<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 51.5163%;\">\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Domestic production meets only a small part of demand<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 50.7846%;\">\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Many countries have surplus production<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 51.5163%;\">\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Heavy import dependence (over 80%)<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 50.7846%;\">\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Major exporters of crude oil<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 51.5163%;\">\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Oilfields mainly in Mumbai High, Assam, Gujarat, Rajasthan<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 50.7846%;\">\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Large reserves in Saudi Arabia, Venezuela, Russia, Iran<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 51.5163%;\">\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Low reserve-to-production ratio<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 50.7846%;\">\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">High reserve-to-production ratio<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 51.5163%;\">\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Vulnerable to global price and supply shocks<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 50.7846%;\">\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Greater energy and strategic stability<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2><b>Government Initiatives for Oil Exploration<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Government Initiatives for Oil Exploration in India are aimed at boosting domestic crude oil production, reducing import dependence, and encouraging private and foreign investment. These reforms focus on policy simplification, flexible licensing, and faster monetisation of oil and gas resources.<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Hydrocarbon Exploration and Licensing Policy (HELP):<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Introduced a single licence for all hydrocarbons, replaced profit-sharing with a revenue-sharing model, and provided pricing and marketing freedom to explorers.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Open Acreage Licensing Policy (OALP):<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Allows companies to choose exploration blocks of interest through continuous bidding rounds, promoting exploration of unexplored and frontier areas.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>New Exploration Licensing Policy (NELP):<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Earlier framework that opened the sector to private and foreign players, later replaced due to regulatory rigidity and delays.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Discovered Small Field Policy (DSF):<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Aimed at monetising small and marginal oilfields quickly by encouraging participation of smaller operators.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>National Data Repository (NDR):<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Provides easy access to geological and geophysical data, improving transparency and informed investment decisions.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><b>Environmental Concerns Related to Oil Exploration<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Environmental concerns related to oil exploration arise due to the intensive drilling, extraction, and transportation activities involved in the petroleum sector. These activities often take place in ecologically sensitive areas such as coastal regions, forests, wetlands, and offshore zones, posing serious risks to the environment.<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Oil spills and leakages<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> that contaminate marine and coastal ecosystems, affecting fisheries and coral reefs<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Air pollution<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> caused by gas flaring, drilling operations, and emissions of greenhouse gases<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Water pollution<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> due to contamination of surface and groundwater from drilling muds and chemical waste<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Land degradation and deforestation<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> during on-shore exploration and pipeline construction<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Loss of biodiversity<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and disturbance to wildlife habitats, especially in sensitive regions<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Climate change impacts<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> due to increased carbon emissions from fossil fuel extraction and use<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Also Read: <a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/manganese-ore-distribution-in-india\/\" target=\"_blank\">Manganese Ore Distribution in India<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<h2><b>Challenges in Enhancing Domestic Oil Production<\/b><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Limited proven reserves:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> India holds <\/span><b>less than 1% of global proven crude oil reserves<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, which restricts large-scale expansion of domestic output.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>High import dependence:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Domestic production meets only <\/span><b>15\u201318% of India\u2019s crude oil demand<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, making the country heavily reliant on imports.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Declining production from mature fields:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Major fields such as <\/span><b>Mumbai High and Assam<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> have crossed peak production, leading to falling output despite enhanced recovery efforts.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>High cost of offshore and deep-water exploration:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Deep-sea drilling involves advanced technology and high capital investment, increasing financial risk for operators.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Technological constraints:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Limited access to advanced technologies for <\/span><b>enhanced oil recovery (EOR)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and exploration of ultra-deep and unconventional resources.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Low exploration coverage:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Out of India\u2019s <\/span><b>26 sedimentary basins<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, several frontier and deep-water basins remain underexplored.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Long gestation period:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Oil exploration projects take <\/span><b>10-15 years<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> from exploration to commercial production, delaying output gains.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Regulatory and environmental hurdles:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Multiple clearances and strict environmental norms often slow project execution.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><b>Way Forward<\/b><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Accelerate exploration in unexplored and frontier basins, especially deep-water and offshore regions<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Adopt advanced technologies such as enhanced oil recovery (EOR), seismic imaging, and digital oilfields<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Improve recovery from mature fields through secondary and tertiary recovery techniques<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Simplify regulatory and clearance processes to reduce project delays<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Encourage private and foreign investment by ensuring policy stability and risk-sharing mechanisms<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Expand Strategic Petroleum Reserves (SPR) to cushion against global supply disruptions<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Strengthen overseas oil asset acquisitions to secure long-term crude supplies<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Promote energy efficiency and conservation to moderate demand growth<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Accelerate transition to renewable and alternative energy sources to reduce long-term oil dependence<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Know about Oil Reserves in India with formation, distribution, major oilfields, map, government initiatives, challenges, and India\u2019s import dependence.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":27,"featured_media":80627,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[786],"tags":[4523],"class_list":{"0":"post-80631","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-general-studies","8":"tag-oil-reserves-in-india","9":"no-featured-image-padding"},"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/80631","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/27"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=80631"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/80631\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":98663,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/80631\/revisions\/98663"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/80627"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=80631"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=80631"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=80631"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}