{"id":82280,"date":"2026-01-12T17:55:21","date_gmt":"2026-01-12T12:25:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/?p=82280"},"modified":"2026-01-12T18:04:08","modified_gmt":"2026-01-12T12:34:08","slug":"isro-missions-list","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/isro-missions-list\/","title":{"rendered":"ISRO Missions List, Axiom 4, Chandrayan, Mangalyaan, Aditya L1"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO), established on 15 August 1969 under the leadership of Dr. Vikram Sarabhai, has grown into one of the world\u2019s most efficient space agencies. From its first satellite Aryabhata to complex interplanetary and human spaceflight missions, ISRO has focused on low cost, high impact science and national development. Till now, <a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/isro\/\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>ISRO<\/strong><\/a> has completed 133 spacecraft missions and 104 launch missions, while also launching 434 foreign satellites. Its missions span Earth observation, lunar and planetary exploration, astronomy, solar science, navigation and human spaceflight, reflecting India\u2019s expanding technological and scientific capabilities.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><b>Top ISRO Missions List<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">ISRO\u2019s Mission portfolio includes completed, ongoing and planned missions across multiple domains such as Earth observation, lunar exploration, interplanetary science, astronomy, solar studies, navigation and human spaceflight. Major achievements include:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Total Spacecraft Missions: 133 (including 3 Nano and 1 Micro Satellite)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Launch Missions: 104<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Foreign Satellites Launched: 434<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Re-entry Missions and POEMS: 9<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Satellites realised by private players or students: 18<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Other Launch missions facilitated by ISRO: 2<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Human Spaceflight Missions: 1 (Gaganyaan programme)<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><b>1. Axiom Mission 4<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Axiom Mission 4 marked India\u2019s first human presence on the International Space Station through a commercial mission linked to Gaganyaan objectives.<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Mission Overview: Launched on 25 June 2025, Ax-4 enabled Indian astronaut Shubhanshu Shukla to spend 18 days aboard the ISS until 15 July 2025.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Scientific Experiments: Experiments included studies on muscle atrophy, microbial behaviour, cognitive effects of screen exposure and crop growth under microgravity conditions.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Strategic Importance: The mission provided hands-on human spaceflight experience supporting ISRO\u2019s independent Gaganyaan human spaceflight programme.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><b>2. NISAR<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">NASA-ISRO Synthetic Aperture Radar (NISAR) is a landmark Earth observation mission jointly developed by India and the United States.<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Mission Objective: Launched on 30 July 2025, NISAR studies Earth\u2019s surface changes related to earthquakes, landslides, glaciers, forests and agriculture.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Unique Technology: It is the world\u2019s first dual frequency radar imaging satellite using both L-band and S-band radar systems.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Global Impact: NISAR provides high resolution data for climate change monitoring and disaster management worldwide.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><b>3. Chandrayaan-1<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Chandrayaan-1 was India\u2019s first mission to the Moon and a major breakthrough in lunar science.<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Launch Details: Launched on 22 October 2008, the orbiter entered lunar orbit on 8 November 2008 and operated until August 2009.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Scientific Discovery: The mission confirmed the presence of water molecules on the Moon, especially near the lunar poles.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Technological Gain: Chandrayaan-1 established India\u2019s capability in deep space navigation and lunar mission design.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><b>4. Chandrayaan-2<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Chandrayaan-2 aimed to explore the Moon\u2019s south polar region with advanced instruments.<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Mission Composition: Launched on 22 July 2019 using LVM3, it included an orbiter, Vikram lander and Pragyan rover.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Lander Outcome: The lander crashed during descent due to a software issue, but the orbiter remains functional.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Scientific Output: The orbiter continues mapping lunar water ice and surface mineral composition with high resolution data.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><b>5. Chandrayaan-3<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/chandrayaan-3\/\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>Chandrayaan-3<\/strong><\/a> demonstrated India\u2019s capability for safe lunar soft landing and surface operations.<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Launch and Landing: Launched on 14 July 2023, it successfully landed on 23 August 2023 near the Moon\u2019s south pole.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Mission Focus: The mission focused on landing and roving technology without carrying a new lunar orbiter.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Extended Operations: The propulsion module was later shifted from lunar orbit to Earth orbit, operating till August 2024.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><b>6. Aditya-L1\u00a0<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/aditya-l1\/\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>Aditya-L1<\/strong><\/a> is India\u2019s first dedicated solar observatory mission.<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Mission Objective: Launched on 2 September 2023, it studies the Sun\u2019s corona, chromosphere and solar wind behaviour.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Orbital Location: The spacecraft entered orbit around the Sun-Earth L1 point, 1.5 million kilometres from Earth, in January 2024.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Scientific Value: Data supports understanding of solar storms and space weather impacts on Earth.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><b>7. Mars Orbiter Mission<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Mars Orbiter Mission, also known as Mangalyaan, established India as a major interplanetary power.<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Historic Achievement: Launched on 5 November 2013, it reached Mars orbit on 24 September 2014 in the first attempt.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Cost Efficiency: The mission cost around \u20b9450 crore, making it one of the most economical Mars missions globally.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Mission Duration: Operated successfully till October 2022, studying Martian atmosphere, dust storms and surface features.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><b>8. AstroSat<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">AstroSat is India\u2019s first multi-wavelength space observatory for astronomy.<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Launch Details: Launched on 28 September 2015, AstroSat enables observations in visible, ultraviolet and X-ray bands.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Scientific Coverage: It studies black holes, neutron stars, galaxies and cosmic radiation across wide energy ranges.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Global Significance: AstroSat places India among select nations with advanced space based astronomy capability.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><b>9. XPoSat<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">XPoSat is India\u2019s first mission dedicated to X-ray polarimetry of cosmic sources.<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Mission Launch: Launched on 1 January 2024 aboard PSLV-C58 for studying high energy astrophysical phenomena.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Scientific Targets: It observes pulsars, black hole binaries, active galactic nuclei and supernova remnants.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Research Impact: XPoSat improves understanding of extreme cosmic environments and radiation mechanisms.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><b>10. Gaganyaan<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Gaganyaan represents India\u2019s ambitious human spaceflight programme.<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Spacecraft Design: Developed jointly by ISRO and HAL, it is designed to carry three astronauts to low Earth orbit.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Test Missions: Gaganyaan-1, 2 and 3 are uncrewed test flights planned between 2025 and 2026.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Crewed Mission: Gaganyaan-4 in 2026 aims to make India the fourth nation to independently send humans to space.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><b>11. Chandrayaan-4<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Chandrayaan-4 is a planned lunar sample return mission enhancing India\u2019s lunar exploration capability.<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Mission Timeline: Scheduled for 2027, it represents the fourth mission in the Chandrayaan programme.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Mission Modules: It includes transfer, lander, ascender and re-entry modules for sample collection and return.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Scientific Value: Lunar samples will provide detailed insights into Moon\u2019s geology and evolution.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><b>12. Venus Orbiter Mission<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Venus Orbiter Mission focuses on studying Venus\u2019s atmosphere and surface conditions.<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Expected Launch: Planned for 29 March 2028, it will orbit Venus for long term atmospheric observations.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Research Goals: It studies cloud dynamics, greenhouse effects and surface atmosphere interactions.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Strategic Importance: The mission expands India\u2019s interplanetary exploration beyond Mars and the Moon.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><b>13. Lunar Polar Exploration Mission<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Lunar Polar Exploration Mission, also known as Chandrayaan-5, is a joint ISRO-JAXA initiative.<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Mission Timeline: Planned for 2028-29, it targets the Moon\u2019s south polar region.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Mission Components: Includes a lander and rover designed for extreme polar conditions.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Scientific Focus: The mission aims to study water ice and lunar resources for future human missions.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><b>14. Bharatiya Antariksh Station<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Bharatiya Antariksh Station is India\u2019s proposed space station project.<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Development Period: Planned between 2028 and 2035, it represents India\u2019s long term human spaceflight vision.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Station Design: The station will weigh about 20 tonnes and orbit Earth at approximately 400 kilometres altitude.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Operational Use: Astronauts may stay for 15 to 20 days conducting scientific experiments in microgravity.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Read about ISRO missions list including Chandrayaan, Mangalyaan, Aditya-L1, NISAR, Gaganyaan and Axiom-4, highlighting India\u2019s major space achievements.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":11,"featured_media":82274,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[786],"tags":[4699],"class_list":{"0":"post-82280","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-general-studies","8":"tag-isro-missions-list","9":"no-featured-image-padding"},"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/82280","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/11"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=82280"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/82280\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/82274"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=82280"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=82280"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=82280"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}