{"id":8465,"date":"2023-04-13T06:48:08","date_gmt":"2023-04-13T01:18:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/?p=8465"},"modified":"2025-03-29T03:11:20","modified_gmt":"2025-03-28T21:41:20","slug":"what-is-the-doctrine-of-promissory-estoppel","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/what-is-the-doctrine-of-promissory-estoppel\/","title":{"rendered":"What is the Doctrine of Promissory Estoppel?"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2><strong>Why in News?<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>While dismissing the petitions, <strong>the Supreme Court bench also rejected the argument that the &#8216;doctrine of promissory estoppel&#8217; would apply<\/strong> and said that the decision to not proceed with the previous recruitment processes could not be termed as arbitrary.<\/p>\n<p>It observed that <strong>promissory estoppel will not apply when a larger public interest is involved.\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<h3><strong>\u00a0<\/strong>About &#8216;doctrine of promissory estoppel&#8217;:<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>What is it?<\/strong> It is a <strong>doctrine in contract law which enforces a promise<\/strong> whether executed as a contract or not.<\/li>\n<li>The doctrine <strong>seeks to protect the rights of a promisee or aggrieved party against the promisor.<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>When is the doctrine applied?<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>A <strong>valid contract under law requires an agreement to be made<\/strong> with sufficient consideration.\u00a0<\/li>\n<li>The doctrine <strong>applies when the promisor has made a promise to the promisee<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li>The <strong>promisee must have relied on the promise and suffered a loss<\/strong> due to the non-performance of the contract.\u00a0<\/li>\n<li>The doctrine <strong>prevents the promiso<\/strong>r or enterprise <strong>from going back on its word<\/strong> or promise.<\/li>\n<li>The doctrine <strong>enables the injured party or the promisee to recover on a promise<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Example<\/strong>:\n<ul>\n<li>A <strong>vendor makes an oral promise to the customer to replace the goods<\/strong> if they do not fit the customer&#8217;s size requirements.\u00a0<\/li>\n<li>The <strong>customer purchases<\/strong> the clothes and takes them home.<\/li>\n<li>However, <strong>the customer proposes to return the clothes<\/strong> to the vendor relying on the vendor&#8217;s oral promise.\u00a0<\/li>\n<li>Here, <strong>the vendor is estopped from refusing the clothes returned<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Thus, this <strong>doctrine seeks to enforce a promise<\/strong> made under a contract, <strong>whether oral or in writing.<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>The doctrine <strong>varies from country to country.<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>In a <strong>1981 decision in Chhaganlal Keshavalal Mehta v. Patel Narandas Haribhai<\/strong>, the <strong>SC lists a checklist<\/strong> for when the doctrine can be applied.\n<ul>\n<li>First, <strong>there must be a clear<\/strong> and unambiguous <strong>promise<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li>Second, the <strong>plaintiff must have acted relying reasonably on that promise<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li>Third, the <strong>plaintiff must have suffered a loss.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h3>Q1)\u00a0 What is a Contract?<\/h3>\n<p>A contract is an agreement between parties, creating mutual obligations that are enforceable by law. The basic elements required for the agreement to be a legally enforceable contract are: mutual assent, expressed by a valid offer and acceptance; adequate consideration; capacity; and legality.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Source:<\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.livelaw.in\/top-stories\/agnipath-scheme-armed-forces-recruitment-army-air-force-supreme-court-225903\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\"><u>BREAKING| Supreme Court Dismisses Plea To Complete Previous Recruitment Processes To Army &amp; Air Force Which Were Cancelled After Agnipath Scheme<\/u><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Doctrine of promissory estoppel  is contract law which enforces a promise whether executed as a contract or not.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":8466,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-8465","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-upsc-prelims-current-affairs","8":"no-featured-image-padding"},"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8465","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8465"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8465\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/8466"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8465"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8465"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8465"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}