{"id":8644,"date":"2023-04-15T12:35:45","date_gmt":"2023-04-15T07:05:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/?p=8644"},"modified":"2025-03-29T04:14:57","modified_gmt":"2025-03-28T22:44:57","slug":"r21-vaccine","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/r21-vaccine\/","title":{"rendered":"R21 Vaccine"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2><strong>About R21 vaccine:<\/strong>\u00a0<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>It is the first vaccine to achieve <strong>more than 75% effectiveness<\/strong>. (The goal set by the World Health Organisation).<\/li>\n<li>It has been approved for use in <strong>children aged 5-36 months<\/strong>, the age group at highest risk of death from malaria.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Ghana became<\/strong> the first African country which gave approval for the vaccine.<\/li>\n<li>Matrix-M, a saponin-based adjuvant developed by Novavax, is used in the vaccine to stimulate a <strong>stronger and longer-lasting immune response<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li>Antigen presentation in regional lymph nodes is improved by the Matrix-M adjuvant, which also encourages the entrance of antigen-presenting cells at the injection site.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Key facts about Malaria\u00a0<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Malaria is an acute febrile illness <strong>caused by Plasmodium parasites<\/strong>, which are <strong>spread <\/strong>to people through the <strong>bites of<\/strong> infected female <strong>Anopheles mosquitoes.<\/strong>\u00a0<\/li>\n<li>It is <strong>not contagious<\/strong> and cannot spread from one person to another<\/li>\n<li>There are many different types of plasmodium parasite, but only 5 types cause malaria in humans.\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Plasmodium falciparum<\/strong>: Mainly found in Africa, it&#8217;s the most common type of malaria parasite and is responsible for most malaria deaths worldwide.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Plasmodium vivax:<\/strong> Mainly found in Asia and South America, this parasite causes milder symptoms than Plasmodium falciparum, but it can stay in the liver for up to 3 years, which can result in relapses.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Plasmodium ovale:<\/strong> Fairly uncommon and usually found in West Africa, it can remain in your liver for several years without producing symptoms.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Plasmodium malariae: <\/strong>This is quite rare and usually only found in Africa.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Plasmodium knowlesi:<\/strong> This is very rare and found in parts of Southeast Asia.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h3>Q1) What are Plasmodium parasites?<\/h3>\n<p>Plasmodium parasites are a group of single-celled organisms that cause malaria, a serious and sometimes fatal disease that affects humans and other animals. There are over 200 species of Plasmodium parasites, but only a few species are known to cause malaria in humans.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Source:<\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.downtoearth.org.in\/news\/health-in-africa\/ghana-first-to-approve-oxford-s-malaria-vaccine-for-children-88736\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\"><u>Ghana first to approve Oxford\u2019s malaria vaccine for children<\/u><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>R21 vaccine is the first vaccine to achieve more than 75% effectiveness.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":8645,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-8644","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-upsc-prelims-current-affairs","8":"no-featured-image-padding"},"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8644","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8644"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8644\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/8645"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8644"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8644"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8644"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}