{"id":8791,"date":"2025-03-24T01:15:25","date_gmt":"2025-03-23T19:45:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/?p=8791"},"modified":"2025-03-29T09:07:34","modified_gmt":"2025-03-29T03:37:34","slug":"tuberculosis-tb","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/tuberculosis-tb\/","title":{"rendered":"Tuberculosis (TB)"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>Tuberculosis Latest News<\/h2>\n<p>March 24 is observed as World Tuberculosis (TB) Day to raise awareness about TB and efforts to eliminate it.<\/p>\n<h2>Why in the News?<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>The <strong>2025 theme<\/strong> is <strong>\u201cYes, We Can End TB: Commit, Invest, and Deliver.\u201d<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>The <strong>President of India<\/strong> commended the <strong>National TB Elimination Programme (NTEP)<\/strong> for its public awareness initiatives and <strong>significant reduction in TB cases<\/strong> over the past decade.<\/li>\n<li>India aims to <strong>eliminate TB by 2025<\/strong>, ahead of the <strong>global target of 2030<\/strong> set by the <strong>WHO End TB Strategy<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>About Tuberculosis (TB)<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Tuberculosis (TB)<\/strong> is a <strong>bacterial infection<\/strong> caused by <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis<\/i>, which primarily affects the <strong>lungs<\/strong> but can also impact other body parts such as the <strong>abdomen, glands, bones, and nervous system<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li>It spreads through <strong>airborne transmission<\/strong>, mainly <strong>inhaling tiny droplets<\/strong> released from the <strong>coughs or sneezes<\/strong> of an infected person.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Types of Tuberculosis<\/h2>\n<figure class=\"table\">\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p><strong>Type<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>Description<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>Infectious?<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>Symptoms Present?<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p><strong>Pulmonary TB<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>Affects the <strong>lungs<\/strong>, most contagious type.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>Yes<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>Yes<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p><strong>Latent TB<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>The immune system <strong>controls the bacteria<\/strong> but does not eliminate it.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>No<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>No<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p><strong>Active TB<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>The immune system <strong>fails to control the infection<\/strong>, allowing it to spread.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>Yes<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>Yes<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/figure>\n<h2>Symptoms of TB<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Persistent <strong>cough for more than 3 weeks<\/strong>, often with <strong>blood<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Weight loss, night sweats, high fever, fatigue<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Loss of appetite, chest pain, swollen lymph nodes<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Treatment &amp; Prevention<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Curable with Antibiotics<\/strong>: Requires <strong>6-18 months of medication<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>BCG Vaccine<\/strong>: The Bacillus Calmette-Gu\u00e9rin (BCG) vaccine provides <strong>moderate protection<\/strong>, mainly for <strong>severe TB in infants and children<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Key Highlights of TB in India<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Declining TB Incidence<\/strong>: <strong>Tuberculosis incidence in India<\/strong> has dropped to <strong>below 200 per lakh (2022)<\/strong> from <strong>237 per lakh (2015)<\/strong>, marking a <strong>16% decline<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Reduction in TB Mortality<\/strong>: TB-related deaths have decreased by <strong>18% since 2015<\/strong>, now at <strong>23 per lakh population<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Improved Treatment Success Rates<\/strong>:\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Multi-Drug Resistant TB (MDR-TB) Treatment Success Rate<\/strong>: 74%.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Pre-Extensively Drug-Resistant TB (Pre-XDR-TB) Success Rate<\/strong>: 68%.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Extensively Drug-Resistant TB (XDR-TB) Success Rate<\/strong>:45%.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>State-Wise TB Performance Index<\/strong>:\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Best Performing States<\/strong>: Himachal Pradesh, Odisha, Gujarat.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Lowest Performing States<\/strong>: Punjab, Bihar, Karnataka.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Tuberculosis FAQs<\/h2>\n<p><strong>Q1: <\/strong>What is tuberculosis (TB)?<\/p>\n<p><strong>Ans:<\/strong> Tuberculosis is an infectious disease caused by the bacterium <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis<\/i>, primarily affecting the lungs, though it can impact other parts of the body.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Q2: <\/strong>How is TB transmitted?<\/p>\n<p><strong>Ans:<\/strong> TB spreads through the air when a person with active TB disease of the lungs or throat coughs, sneezes, speaks, or sings, releasing bacteria into the air. People nearby can inhale these bacteria and become infected.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Q3: <\/strong>What is the difference between latent TB infection and active TB disease?<\/p>\n<p><strong>Ans:<\/strong> In latent TB infection, individuals carry the TB bacteria without symptoms and cannot transmit the disease. However, they have a 5\u201315% lifetime risk of developing active TB disease, where symptoms are present, and the disease can be contagious.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Source: <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/opinion\/op-ed\/towards-better-tb-control\/article69366162.ece\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\"><strong>TH<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Tuberculosis (TB) is a bacterial infection caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, mainly affecting the lungs, also impacting abdomen, glands, bones, nerves.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":8792,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-8791","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-upsc-prelims-current-affairs","8":"no-featured-image-padding"},"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8791","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8791"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8791\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/8792"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8791"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8791"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8791"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}