{"id":89941,"date":"2026-08-02T13:25:40","date_gmt":"2026-08-02T07:55:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/?p=89941"},"modified":"2026-08-19T13:05:15","modified_gmt":"2026-08-19T07:35:15","slug":"article-19-of-indian-constitution","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/article-19-of-indian-constitution\/","title":{"rendered":"Article 19 of Indian Constitution, Amendments, Case Laws"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Article 19 of Indian Constitution guarantees certain important freedoms to citizens. It gives six basic rights: freedom of speech and expression, peaceful assembly, forming associations or unions, moving freely throughout India, residing and settling anywhere in India, and practicing any profession or business. These freedoms are essential for democracy and personal development. However, they are not absolute. The State can impose reasonable restrictions in the interest of security, public order, morality and sovereignty of India.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><b>Article 19 of Indian Constitution<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Article 19 guarantees six fundamental freedoms to every citizen of India. We have discussed below in brief.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3 class=\"PDq2pG_selectionAnchorContainer\" data-section-id=\"hgx8ne\" data-start=\"0\" data-end=\"52\"><strong>Article 19(1)(a) Freedom of Speech and Expression<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"54\" data-end=\"332\">Article 19(1)(a) guarantees every Indian citizen the freedom to express thoughts, opinions, beliefs, and ideas through lawful means. It is the foundation of democracy, enabling citizens to participate in governance, hold authorities accountable, and exchange information freely.<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"334\" data-end=\"1186\">\n<li data-section-id=\"1m0qzwq\" data-start=\"334\" data-end=\"473\">Guarantees the <strong data-start=\"351\" data-end=\"380\">right to express opinions<\/strong> through speech, writing, printing, painting, films, electronic media, and digital platforms.<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"fcgwkn\" data-start=\"474\" data-end=\"612\">Protects the <strong data-start=\"489\" data-end=\"513\">freedom of the press<\/strong>, allowing the media to report news and criticize government policies within constitutional limits.<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"1s2hgq8\" data-start=\"613\" data-end=\"738\">Includes the <strong data-start=\"628\" data-end=\"676\">right to receive and disseminate information<\/strong>, which strengthens transparency and informed decision-making.<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"14it9u2\" data-start=\"739\" data-end=\"848\">Recognizes the <strong data-start=\"756\" data-end=\"795\">right to peaceful political dissent<\/strong>, criticism, debate, and discussion on public issues.<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"sm3ss3\" data-start=\"849\" data-end=\"944\">Covers <strong data-start=\"858\" data-end=\"879\">commercial speech<\/strong>, artistic expression, academic freedom, and symbolic expression.<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"dy5iro\" data-start=\"945\" data-end=\"1029\">Includes the <strong data-start=\"960\" data-end=\"986\">right to remain silent<\/strong>, as recognized by judicial interpretation.<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"qgihmg\" data-start=\"1030\" data-end=\"1112\">Encourages <strong data-start=\"1043\" data-end=\"1069\">free exchange of ideas<\/strong>, innovation, and democratic participation.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-start=\"1188\" data-end=\"1231\"><strong data-start=\"1188\" data-end=\"1231\">Reasonable Restrictions (Article 19(2))<\/strong><\/p>\n<p data-start=\"1233\" data-end=\"1443\">The freedom of speech and expression is <strong data-start=\"1273\" data-end=\"1289\">not absolute<\/strong>. The State may impose reasonable restrictions by law to protect larger public and national interests. Such restrictions can be imposed on the grounds of:<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"1445\" data-end=\"1675\">\n<li data-section-id=\"1tidzdf\" data-start=\"1445\" data-end=\"1485\"><strong data-start=\"1447\" data-end=\"1485\">Sovereignty and Integrity of India<\/strong><\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"1cb0i7t\" data-start=\"1486\" data-end=\"1513\"><strong data-start=\"1488\" data-end=\"1513\">Security of the State<\/strong><\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"at129u\" data-start=\"1514\" data-end=\"1558\"><strong data-start=\"1516\" data-end=\"1558\">Friendly Relations with Foreign States<\/strong><\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"1j0e5yf\" data-start=\"1559\" data-end=\"1577\"><strong data-start=\"1561\" data-end=\"1577\">Public Order<\/strong><\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"d3mg7z\" data-start=\"1578\" data-end=\"1603\"><strong data-start=\"1580\" data-end=\"1603\">Decency or Morality<\/strong><\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"1gh9uv8\" data-start=\"1604\" data-end=\"1627\"><strong data-start=\"1606\" data-end=\"1627\">Contempt of Court<\/strong><\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"fcddpa\" data-start=\"1628\" data-end=\"1644\"><strong data-start=\"1630\" data-end=\"1644\">Defamation<\/strong><\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"1pnt7bk\" data-start=\"1645\" data-end=\"1675\"><strong data-start=\"1647\" data-end=\"1675\">Incitement to an Offence<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 data-section-id=\"1g00iee\" data-start=\"1682\" data-end=\"1748\"><strong>Article 19(1)(b) Freedom to Assemble Peaceably and Without Arms<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p data-start=\"1750\" data-end=\"2016\">Article 19(1)(b) gives every citizen the right to gather peacefully for meetings, rallies, demonstrations, protests, and public discussions without carrying weapons. It enables citizens to collectively express their opinions and participate in democratic activities.<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"2018\" data-end=\"2575\">\n<li data-section-id=\"h439y7\" data-start=\"2018\" data-end=\"2079\">Guarantees the <strong data-start=\"2035\" data-end=\"2065\">right to peaceful assembly<\/strong> without arms.<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"iynsn4\" data-start=\"2080\" data-end=\"2162\">Permits <strong data-start=\"2090\" data-end=\"2161\">public meetings, demonstrations, rallies, protests, and processions<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"1wa16ap\" data-start=\"2163\" data-end=\"2261\">Enables citizens to collectively voice their opinions on social, political, and economic issues.<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"1fugum0\" data-start=\"2262\" data-end=\"2327\">Strengthens <strong data-start=\"2276\" data-end=\"2304\">democratic participation<\/strong> and public engagement.<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"etkiux\" data-start=\"2328\" data-end=\"2389\">Protects peaceful gatherings organized for lawful purposes.<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"1xf74so\" data-start=\"2390\" data-end=\"2460\">Does not protect violent gatherings or assemblies involving weapons.<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"fv999w\" data-start=\"2461\" data-end=\"2575\">Citizens may require <strong data-start=\"2484\" data-end=\"2504\">prior permission<\/strong> from authorities for assemblies at public places as prescribed by law.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-start=\"2577\" data-end=\"2620\"><strong data-start=\"2577\" data-end=\"2620\">Reasonable Restrictions (Article 19(3))<\/strong><\/p>\n<p data-start=\"2622\" data-end=\"2770\">The State may impose reasonable restrictions to maintain public peace and protect national interests. Restrictions can be imposed on the grounds of:<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"2772\" data-end=\"2831\">\n<li data-section-id=\"1tidzdf\" data-start=\"2772\" data-end=\"2812\"><strong data-start=\"2774\" data-end=\"2812\">Sovereignty and Integrity of India<\/strong><\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"1j0e5yf\" data-start=\"2813\" data-end=\"2831\"><strong data-start=\"2815\" data-end=\"2831\">Public Order<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 data-section-id=\"51cxn9\" data-start=\"2838\" data-end=\"2919\"><strong>Article 19(1)(c) Freedom to Form Associations, Unions or Cooperative Societies<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p data-start=\"2921\" data-end=\"3176\">Article 19(1)(c) guarantees citizens the right to form associations, unions, cooperative societies, political parties, clubs, and organizations for lawful purposes. It promotes collective action and protects organizational freedom in a democratic society.<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"3178\" data-end=\"3714\">\n<li data-section-id=\"10peb7z\" data-start=\"3178\" data-end=\"3249\">Guarantees the <strong data-start=\"3195\" data-end=\"3236\">right to form associations and unions<\/strong> voluntarily.<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"52czxe\" data-start=\"3250\" data-end=\"3395\">Includes the formation of <strong data-start=\"3278\" data-end=\"3299\">political parties<\/strong>, <strong data-start=\"3301\" data-end=\"3317\">trade unions<\/strong>, <strong data-start=\"3319\" data-end=\"3342\">professional bodies<\/strong>, <a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/non-governmental-organizations\/\" target=\"_blank\"><strong data-start=\"3344\" data-end=\"3352\">NGOs<\/strong><\/a>, <strong data-start=\"3354\" data-end=\"3363\">clubs<\/strong>, and <strong data-start=\"3369\" data-end=\"3394\">cooperative societies<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"na0zji\" data-start=\"3396\" data-end=\"3505\">Enables citizens to work collectively for social, cultural, economic, educational, or political objectives.<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"76qogg\" data-start=\"3506\" data-end=\"3570\">Protects the autonomy and functioning of lawful organizations.<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"1fjft23\" data-start=\"3571\" data-end=\"3652\">Supports collective bargaining and representation of workers and professionals.<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"gbdjov\" data-start=\"3653\" data-end=\"3714\">Promotes democratic participation through organized groups.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-start=\"3716\" data-end=\"3759\"><strong data-start=\"3716\" data-end=\"3759\">Reasonable Restrictions (Article 19(4))<\/strong><\/p>\n<p data-start=\"3761\" data-end=\"3925\">The State may regulate or restrict this freedom when necessary to safeguard constitutional values and public welfare. Restrictions may be imposed on the grounds of:<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"3927\" data-end=\"4001\">\n<li data-section-id=\"1tidzdf\" data-start=\"3927\" data-end=\"3967\"><strong data-start=\"3929\" data-end=\"3967\">Sovereignty and Integrity of India<\/strong><\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"1j0e5yf\" data-start=\"3968\" data-end=\"3986\"><strong data-start=\"3970\" data-end=\"3986\">Public Order<\/strong><\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"1kwwmk1\" data-start=\"3987\" data-end=\"4001\"><strong data-start=\"3989\" data-end=\"4001\">Morality<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 data-section-id=\"19aybga\" data-start=\"4008\" data-end=\"4084\"><strong>Article 19(1)(d) Freedom to Move Freely Throughout the Territory of India<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p data-start=\"4086\" data-end=\"4306\">Article 19(1)(d) ensures that every Indian citizen can move freely throughout the territory of India without unnecessary interference. The freedom promotes national integration and equal opportunities across the country.<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"4308\" data-end=\"4733\">\n<li data-section-id=\"1y3zshg\" data-start=\"4308\" data-end=\"4379\">Guarantees <strong data-start=\"4321\" data-end=\"4338\">free movement<\/strong> across all States and Union Territories.<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"jtgu0i\" data-start=\"4380\" data-end=\"4479\">Allows citizens to travel for <strong data-start=\"4412\" data-end=\"4478\">employment, education, business, tourism, and personal reasons<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"11jwfm1\" data-start=\"4480\" data-end=\"4540\">Promotes <strong data-start=\"4491\" data-end=\"4509\">national unity<\/strong> by removing regional barriers.<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"8lc9el\" data-start=\"4541\" data-end=\"4598\">Ensures equal access to opportunities throughout India.<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"atovon\" data-start=\"4599\" data-end=\"4642\">Facilitates economic and social mobility.<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"1yc1kxk\" data-start=\"4643\" data-end=\"4733\">Does not extend to unrestricted access to prohibited or protected areas notified by law.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-start=\"4735\" data-end=\"4778\"><strong data-start=\"4735\" data-end=\"4778\">Reasonable Restrictions (Article 19(5))<\/strong><\/p>\n<p data-start=\"4780\" data-end=\"4916\">The State may impose restrictions where necessary for protecting public welfare and vulnerable communities. Restrictions may be imposed:<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"4918\" data-end=\"5181\">\n<li data-section-id=\"2vqo47\" data-start=\"4918\" data-end=\"4961\">In the <strong data-start=\"4927\" data-end=\"4961\">Interest of the General Public<\/strong><\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"s4t1lr\" data-start=\"4962\" data-end=\"5023\">For the <strong data-start=\"4972\" data-end=\"5023\">Protection of the Interests of <a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/scheduled-tribes\/\" target=\"_blank\">Scheduled Tribes<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"uq8hjh\" data-start=\"5024\" data-end=\"5110\">To regulate entry into <strong data-start=\"5049\" data-end=\"5110\">protected, restricted, or environmentally sensitive areas<\/strong><\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"dslrm3\" data-start=\"5111\" data-end=\"5181\">During emergencies, epidemics, or situations affecting public safety<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 data-section-id=\"dg4fxt\" data-start=\"5188\" data-end=\"5257\"><strong>Article 19(1)(e) Freedom to Reside and Settle in Any Part of India<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p data-start=\"5259\" data-end=\"5478\">Article 19(1)(e) guarantees every citizen the freedom to reside and permanently settle in any part of the country. It encourages national integration and provides equal opportunities irrespective of regional boundaries.<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"5480\" data-end=\"5941\">\n<li data-section-id=\"fp0rsk\" data-start=\"5480\" data-end=\"5539\">Guarantees the <strong data-start=\"5497\" data-end=\"5516\">right to reside<\/strong> anywhere within India.<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"1p24ar6\" data-start=\"5540\" data-end=\"5616\">Allows citizens to <strong data-start=\"5561\" data-end=\"5583\">permanently settle<\/strong> in any State or Union Territory.<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"dgrawm\" data-start=\"5617\" data-end=\"5707\">Facilitates migration for employment, education, business, and better living conditions.<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"9b3yae\" data-start=\"5708\" data-end=\"5781\">Promotes equality among citizens irrespective of their place of origin.<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"dsiv5v\" data-start=\"5782\" data-end=\"5865\">Prevents discrimination based solely on residence, except where permitted by law.<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"1ttwt2l\" data-start=\"5866\" data-end=\"5941\">Supports economic development through free movement of labour and skills.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-start=\"5943\" data-end=\"5986\"><strong data-start=\"5943\" data-end=\"5986\">Reasonable Restrictions (Article 19(5))<\/strong><\/p>\n<p data-start=\"5988\" data-end=\"6146\">This freedom is subject to reasonable restrictions to protect public interests and preserve the rights of vulnerable communities. Restrictions may be imposed:<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"6148\" data-end=\"6391\">\n<li data-section-id=\"2vqo47\" data-start=\"6148\" data-end=\"6191\">In the <strong data-start=\"6157\" data-end=\"6191\">Interest of the General Public<\/strong><\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"s4t1lr\" data-start=\"6192\" data-end=\"6253\">For the <strong data-start=\"6202\" data-end=\"6253\">Protection of the Interests of Scheduled Tribes<\/strong><\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"157cyt2\" data-start=\"6254\" data-end=\"6310\">To safeguard ecologically fragile or protected regions<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"1w4c9sn\" data-start=\"6311\" data-end=\"6391\">To preserve the cultural identity and traditional rights of tribal communities<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 data-section-id=\"1jm8oz7\" data-start=\"6398\" data-end=\"6498\"><strong>Article 19(1)(g) Freedom to Practice Any Profession or Carry on Any Occupation, Trade or Business<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p data-start=\"6500\" data-end=\"6712\">Article 19(1)(g) guarantees every citizen the freedom to choose and pursue any lawful profession, occupation, trade, or business. It forms the constitutional basis of economic freedom and the right to livelihood.<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"6714\" data-end=\"7262\">\n<li data-section-id=\"qjd15p\" data-start=\"6714\" data-end=\"6789\">Guarantees the <strong data-start=\"6731\" data-end=\"6788\">freedom to choose any lawful profession or occupation<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"1ix9oxf\" data-start=\"6790\" data-end=\"6888\">Allows citizens to establish and operate <strong data-start=\"6833\" data-end=\"6887\">businesses, industries, and commercial enterprises<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"4ckeds\" data-start=\"6889\" data-end=\"6955\">Promotes entrepreneurship, innovation, and economic development.<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"qy6174\" data-start=\"6956\" data-end=\"7019\">Protects the right to earn a livelihood through lawful means.<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"krj51e\" data-start=\"7020\" data-end=\"7077\">Encourages fair competition and economic participation.<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"ssa390\" data-start=\"7078\" data-end=\"7168\">Covers self-employment, professional practice, trade, commerce, and business activities.<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"1nuqb1f\" data-start=\"7169\" data-end=\"7262\">Subject to licensing, regulatory requirements, and professional standards where applicable.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-start=\"7264\" data-end=\"7307\"><strong data-start=\"7264\" data-end=\"7307\">Reasonable Restrictions (Article 19(6))<\/strong><\/p>\n<p data-start=\"7309\" data-end=\"7453\">The State may regulate professional and commercial activities to protect public welfare and maintain standards. Reasonable restrictions include:<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"7455\" data-end=\"7911\" data-is-last-node=\"\" data-is-only-node=\"\">\n<li data-section-id=\"11hdqp3\" data-start=\"7455\" data-end=\"7538\">Prescribing <strong data-start=\"7469\" data-end=\"7513\">professional or technical qualifications<\/strong> for certain professions.<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"1ff1ptk\" data-start=\"7539\" data-end=\"7616\">Imposing <strong data-start=\"7550\" data-end=\"7615\">reasonable restrictions in the interest of the general public<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"1qr4r2j\" data-start=\"7617\" data-end=\"7712\">Regulating or licensing businesses dealing with public health, safety, or essential services.<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"fc04r5\" data-start=\"7713\" data-end=\"7813\">Creating a <strong data-start=\"7726\" data-end=\"7744\">State monopoly<\/strong> in any trade, business, industry, or service where permitted by law.<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"1daw5b\" data-start=\"7814\" data-end=\"7911\" data-is-last-node=\"\">Regulating hazardous, environmentally sensitive, or socially significant commercial activities.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><b>Article 19 of Indian Constitution Case Laws<\/b><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b><i>Romesh Thappar v. State of Madras (1950): <\/i><\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Supreme Court held that freedom of speech includes the right to circulate ideas, which is essential for democracy.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b><i>Bennett Coleman &amp; Co. v. Union of India (1972):<\/i><\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Freedom of the press is part of Article 19(1)(a); restrictions on newspaper circulation were declared unconstitutional.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b><i>Bijoe Emmanuel v. State of Kerala (1986):<\/i><\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Upheld the right to remain silent; no citizen can be forced to express views against their beliefs.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b><i>Union of India v. Naveen Jindal (2004):<\/i><\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Hoisting the national flag is a form of expression under Article 19(1)(a).<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b><i>S.R. Bommai v. Union of India (1994):<\/i><\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> The right to form associations includes the right to form political parties.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b><i>Kharak Singh v. State of UP (1963):<\/i><\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Police surveillance and domiciliary visits violate the right to free movement and privacy.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b><i>State of Gujarat v. Mirzapur Moti Kureshi (2005):<\/i><\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Reasonable restrictions on trade, such as prohibiting cow slaughter for public welfare, are valid.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b><i>Shreya Singhal v. Union of India (2015):<\/i><\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Struck down Section 66A of the IT Act, protecting online speech from arbitrary restrictions.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><b>Article 19 of Indian Constitution Key Amendments<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Article 19 of the Indian Constitution guarantees six fundamental freedoms, but over time, certain amendments have expanded the State\u2019s power to impose reasonable restrictions or changed the rights themselves. The most important amendments are the 1st, 16th, 44th, and 97th.<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/1st-constitutional-amendment-act\/\" target=\"_blank\">1st Amendment (1951)<\/a>:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Introduced new grounds for restricting freedom of speech and expression, such as public order, friendly relations with other countries, and preventing incitement to an offence.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/16th-constitutional-amendment-act\/\" target=\"_blank\"><b>16th Amendment (1963)<\/b><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Added \u201csovereignty and integrity of India\u201d as a reason to impose restrictions on the freedoms of speech, assembly, and association.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/44th-constitutional-amendment-act\/\" target=\"_blank\">44th Amendment (1978)<\/a>:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Removed the right to property (Article 19(1)(f)) from the list of fundamental rights, reducing the total freedoms under Article 19 from seven to six.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/97th-constitutional-amendment-act\/\" target=\"_blank\">97th Amendment (2011)<\/a>:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Added the right to form cooperative societies under Article 19(1)(c).<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">These amendments balance individual freedoms with public interest and national security, shaping the way citizens can exercise their rights today.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><b>Suspension of Article 19 during National Emergency<\/b><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Article 19 of Indian Constitution, which guarantees six fundamental freedoms such as speech, assembly, and movement, is automatically suspended under<\/span><b> Article 358<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> when a <a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/national-emergency-in-india\/\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>National Emergency<\/strong><\/a> is declared on the grounds of <\/span><b>war or external aggression<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. This means the State can make laws or take actions that would otherwise violate these rights, and such actions cannot be challenged in court, as long as they are directly connected to the emergency.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/44th-constitutional-amendment-act\/\" target=\"_blank\"><b>44th Amendment Act (1978)<\/b><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> clarified that this automatic suspension applies only to external emergencies (war or aggression) and not to internal disturbances like armed rebellion. The suspension remains in effect for the entire duration of the National Emergency.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<table style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 88.2994%; height: 150px;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr style=\"height: 25px;\">\n<td class=\"tb-color\" style=\"width: 113.938%; height: 25px; text-align: center;\" colspan=\"2\"><strong>Also Check Related Articles<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 25px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 53.5217%; height: 25px; text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/article-167-of-indian-constitution\/\" target=\"_blank\"><strong><span data-sheets-root=\"1\">Article 167 of Indian Constitution<\/span><\/strong><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 60.4159%; height: 25px; text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/article-93-of-indian-constitution\/\" target=\"_blank\"><strong><span data-sheets-root=\"1\">Article 93 of Indian Constitution<\/span><\/strong><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 25px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 53.5217%; height: 25px; text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/article-141-of-indian-constitution\/\" target=\"_blank\"><strong><span data-sheets-root=\"1\">Article 141 of Indian Constitution<\/span><\/strong><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 60.4159%; height: 25px; text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/article-47-of-indian-constitution\/\" target=\"_blank\"><strong><span data-sheets-root=\"1\">Article 47 of Indian Constitution<\/span><\/strong><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 25px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 53.5217%; height: 25px; text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/article-84-of-indian-constitution\/\" target=\"_blank\"><strong><span data-sheets-root=\"1\">Article 84 of Indian Constitution<\/span><\/strong><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 60.4159%; height: 25px; text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/article-174-of-indian-constitution\/\" target=\"_blank\"><strong><span data-sheets-root=\"1\">Article 174 Of Indian Constitution<\/span><\/strong><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 25px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 53.5217%; height: 25px; text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/article-128-of-indian-constitution\/\" target=\"_blank\"><strong><span data-sheets-root=\"1\">Article 128 of Indian Constitution<\/span><\/strong><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 60.4159%; height: 25px; text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/article-114-of-indian-constitution\/\" target=\"_blank\"><strong><span data-sheets-root=\"1\">Article 114 of Indian Constitution<\/span><\/strong><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 25px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 53.5217%; height: 25px; text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/article-17-of-indian-constitution\/\" target=\"_blank\"><strong><span data-sheets-root=\"1\">Article 17 of Indian Constitution<\/span><\/strong><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 60.4159%; height: 25px; text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/article-32-of-indian-constitution\/\" target=\"_blank\"><strong><span data-sheets-root=\"1\">Article 32 of Indian Constitution<\/span><\/strong><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 25px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 53.5217%; height: 25px; text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/article-21-of-indian-constitution\/\" target=\"_blank\"><strong><span data-sheets-root=\"1\">Article 21 of Indian Constitution<\/span><\/strong><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 60.4159%; height: 25px; text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/article-19-of-indian-constitution\/\" target=\"_blank\"><strong><span data-sheets-root=\"1\">Article 19 of indian constitution<\/span><\/strong><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 25px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 53.5217%; height: 25px; text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/article-14-of-indian-constitution\/\" target=\"_blank\"><strong><span data-sheets-root=\"1\">Article 14 of indian constitution<\/span><\/strong><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 60.4159%; height: 25px; text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/article-18-of-indian-constitution\/\" target=\"_blank\"><strong><span data-sheets-root=\"1\">Article 18 of Indian Constitution<\/span><\/strong><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 25px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 53.5217%; height: 25px; text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/article-23-of-indian-constitution\/\" target=\"_blank\"><strong><span data-sheets-root=\"1\">Article 23 of Indian Constitution<\/span><\/strong><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 60.4159%; height: 25px; text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/article-24-of-indian-constitution\/\" target=\"_blank\"><strong><span data-sheets-root=\"1\">Article 24 of Indian Constitution<\/span><\/strong><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 25px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 53.5217%; height: 25px; text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/article-3-of-indian-constitution\/\" target=\"_blank\"><strong><span data-sheets-root=\"1\">Article 3 of Indian Constitution<\/span><\/strong><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 60.4159%; height: 25px; text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/article-38-of-indian-constitution\/\" target=\"_blank\"><strong><span data-sheets-root=\"1\">Article 38 of Indian Constitution<\/span><\/strong><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 25px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 53.5217%; height: 25px; text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/article-43-of-indian-constitution\/\" target=\"_blank\"><strong><span data-sheets-root=\"1\">Article 43 of Indian Constitution<\/span><\/strong><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 60.4159%; height: 25px; text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/article-48-of-indian-constitution\/\" target=\"_blank\"><strong><span data-sheets-root=\"1\">Article 48 of Indian Constitution<\/span><\/strong><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 25px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 53.5217%; height: 25px; text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/article-143-of-indian-constitution\/\" target=\"_blank\"><strong><span data-sheets-root=\"1\">Article 143 of Indian Constitution<\/span><\/strong><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 60.4159%; height: 25px; text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/article-326-of-indian-constitution\/\" target=\"_blank\"><strong><span data-sheets-root=\"1\">Article 326 of Indian Constitution<\/span><\/strong><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 25px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 53.5217%; height: 25px; text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/article-124-of-indian-constitution\/\" target=\"_blank\"><strong><span data-sheets-root=\"1\">Article 124 of indian constitution<\/span><\/strong><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 60.4159%; height: 25px; text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/article-45-of-indian-constitution\/\" target=\"_blank\"><strong><span data-sheets-root=\"1\">Article 45 of Indian Constitution<\/span><\/strong><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 25px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 53.5217%; height: 25px; text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/article-41-of-indian-constitution\/\" target=\"_blank\"><strong><span data-sheets-root=\"1\">Article 41 of Indian Constitution<\/span><\/strong><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 60.4159%; height: 25px; text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/article-160-of-indian-constitution\/\" target=\"_blank\"><strong><span data-sheets-root=\"1\">Article 160 of Indian Constitution<\/span><\/strong><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 25px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 53.5217%; height: 25px; text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/article-340-of-indian-constitution\/\" target=\"_blank\"><strong><span data-sheets-root=\"1\">Article 340 of Indian Constitution<\/span><\/strong><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 60.4159%; height: 25px; text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/article-43b-of-indian-constitution\/\" target=\"_blank\"><strong><span data-sheets-root=\"1\">Article 43b of Indian Constitution<\/span><\/strong><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 25px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 53.5217%; height: 25px; text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/article-156-of-indian-constitution\/\" target=\"_blank\"><strong><span data-sheets-root=\"1\">Article 156 of Indian Constitution<\/span><\/strong><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 60.4159%; height: 25px; text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/article-144-of-indian-constitution\/\" target=\"_blank\"><strong><span data-sheets-root=\"1\">Article 144 of Indian Constitution<\/span><\/strong><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 25px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 53.5217%; height: 25px; text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/article-365-of-indian-constitution\/\" target=\"_blank\">Article 365 of Indian Constitution<\/a><br \/>\n<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 60.4159%; height: 25px; text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/article-201-of-indian-constitution\/\" target=\"_blank\"><strong><span data-sheets-root=\"1\">Article 201 of Indian Constitution<\/span><\/strong><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 25px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 53.5217%; height: 25px; text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/article-140-of-indian-constitution\/\" target=\"_blank\"><strong><span data-sheets-root=\"1\">Article 140 of Indian Constitution<\/span><\/strong><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 60.4159%; height: 25px; text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/article-35-of-indian-constitution\/\" target=\"_blank\"><strong><span data-sheets-root=\"1\">Article 35 of Indian Constitution<\/span><\/strong><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 25px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 53.5217%; height: 25px; text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/article-166-of-indian-constitution\/\" target=\"_blank\"><strong><span data-sheets-root=\"1\">Article 166 of Indian Constitution<\/span><\/strong><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 60.4159%; height: 25px; text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/article-102-of-indian-constitution\/\" target=\"_blank\"><strong><span data-sheets-root=\"1\">Article 102 of Indian Constitution<\/span><\/strong><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 25px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 53.5217%; height: 25px; text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/article-83-of-indian-constitution\/\" target=\"_blank\"><strong><span data-sheets-root=\"1\">Article 83 of Indian Constitution<\/span><\/strong><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 60.4159%; height: 25px; text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/article-88-of-indian-constitution\/\" target=\"_blank\"><strong><span data-sheets-root=\"1\">Article 88 of Indian Constitution<\/span><\/strong><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 25px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 53.5217%; height: 25px; text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/article-28-of-indian-constitution\/\" target=\"_blank\"><strong><span data-sheets-root=\"1\">Article 28 of Indian Constitution<\/span><\/strong><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 60.4159%; height: 25px; text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/article-103-of-indian-constitution\/\" target=\"_blank\"><strong><span data-sheets-root=\"1\">Article 103 of Indian Constitution<\/span><\/strong><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 25px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 53.5217%; height: 25px; text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/article-36-of-the-constitution\/\" target=\"_blank\"><strong><span data-sheets-root=\"1\">Article 36 of Indian Constitution<\/span><\/strong><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 60.4159%; height: 25px; text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/article-62-of-indian-constitution\/\" target=\"_blank\"><strong><span data-sheets-root=\"1\">Article 62 of Indian Constitution<\/span><\/strong><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 25px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 53.5217%; height: 25px; text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/article-82-of-indian-constitution\/\" target=\"_blank\"><strong><span data-sheets-root=\"1\">Article 82 of Indian Constitution<\/span><\/strong><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 60.4159%; height: 25px; text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/article-97-of-indian-constitution\/\" target=\"_blank\"><strong><span data-sheets-root=\"1\">Article 97 of Indian Constitution<\/span><\/strong><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 25px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 53.5217%; height: 25px; text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/article-224-of-indian-constitution\/\" target=\"_blank\"><strong><span data-sheets-root=\"1\">Article 224 of Indian Constitution<\/span><\/strong><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 60.4159%; height: 25px; text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/article-251-of-indian-constitution\/\" target=\"_blank\"><strong><span data-sheets-root=\"1\">Article 251 of Indian Constitution<\/span><\/strong><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 25px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 53.5217%; height: 25px; text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/article-13-of-indian-constitution\/\" target=\"_blank\"><strong><span data-sheets-root=\"1\">Article 13 of Indian Constitution<\/span><\/strong><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 60.4159%; height: 25px; text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/article-29-and-30-of-indian-constitution\/\" target=\"_blank\"><strong><span data-sheets-root=\"1\">Article 29 &amp; 30 of Indian Constitution <\/span><\/strong><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 25px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 53.5217%; height: 25px; text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/article-15-of-indian-constitution\/\" target=\"_blank\"><strong><span data-sheets-root=\"1\">Article 15 of Indian Constitution<\/span><\/strong><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 60.4159%; height: 25px; text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/article-4-of-indian-constitution\/\" target=\"_blank\"><strong><span data-sheets-root=\"1\">Article 4 of Indian Constitution<\/span><\/strong><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 25px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 53.5217%; height: 25px; text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/article-85-of-indian-constitution\/\" target=\"_blank\"><strong><span data-sheets-root=\"1\">Article 85 of Indian Constitution<\/span><\/strong><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 60.4159%; height: 25px; text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/article-27-of-indian-constitution\/\" target=\"_blank\"><strong><span data-sheets-root=\"1\">Article 27 of Indian Constitution<\/span><\/strong><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 25px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 53.5217%; height: 25px; text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/article-238-of-indian-constitution\/\" target=\"_blank\"><strong><span data-sheets-root=\"1\">Article 238 of Indian Constitution<\/span><\/strong><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 60.4159%; height: 25px; text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/article-312-of-indian-constitution\/\" target=\"_blank\"><strong><span data-sheets-root=\"1\">Article 312 of Indian Constitution<\/span><\/strong><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 25px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 53.5217%; height: 25px; text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/article-137-of-indian-constitution\/\" target=\"_blank\"><strong><span data-sheets-root=\"1\">Article 137 of Indian Constitution<\/span><\/strong><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 60.4159%; height: 25px; text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/article-118-of-indian-constitution\/\" target=\"_blank\"><strong><span data-sheets-root=\"1\">Article 118 of Indian Constitution<\/span><\/strong><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 25px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 53.5217%; height: 25px; text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/article-353-of-indian-constitution\/\" target=\"_blank\"><strong><span data-sheets-root=\"1\">Article 353 of Indian Constitution<\/span><\/strong><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 60.4159%; height: 25px; text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/article-111-of-indian-constitution\/\" target=\"_blank\"><strong><span data-sheets-root=\"1\">Article 111 of Indian Constitution<\/span><\/strong><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 25px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 53.5217%; height: 25px; text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/article-113-of-indian-constitution\/\" target=\"_blank\"><strong><span data-sheets-root=\"1\">Article 113 of Indian Constitution<\/span><\/strong><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 60.4159%; height: 25px; text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/article-76-of-indian-constitution\/\" target=\"_blank\"><strong><span data-sheets-root=\"1\">Article 76 of Indian Constitution<\/span><\/strong><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 25px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 53.5217%; height: 25px; text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/article-44-of-indian-constitution\/\" target=\"_blank\"><strong><span data-sheets-root=\"1\">Article 44 of Indian Constitution<\/span><\/strong><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 60.4159%; height: 25px; text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/article-50-of-indian-constitution\/\" target=\"_blank\"><strong><span data-sheets-root=\"1\">Article 50 of Indian Constitution<\/span><\/strong><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 25px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 53.5217%; height: 25px; text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/article-295-of-indian-constitution\/\" target=\"_blank\">Article 295 of Indian Constitution<\/a><\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 60.4159%; height: 25px; text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/article-194-of-indian-constitution\/\" target=\"_blank\">Article 194 of Indian Constitution<\/a><\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 25px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 53.5217%; height: 25px; text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/article-39-of-indian-constitution\/\" target=\"_blank\">Article 39 of Indian Constitution<\/a><\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 60.4159%; height: 25px; text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/article-191-of-indian-constitution\/\" target=\"_blank\">Article 191 of Indian Constitution<\/a><\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 25px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 53.5217%; height: 25px; text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/article-20-of-indian-constitution\/\" target=\"_blank\">Article 20 of Indian Constitution<\/a><\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 60.4159%; height: 25px; text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/article-16-of-indian-constitution\/\" target=\"_blank\">Article 16 of Indian Constitution<\/a><\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 25px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 53.5217%; height: 25px; text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/article-67-of-indian-constitution\/\" target=\"_blank\">Article 67 of Indian Constitution<\/a><\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 60.4159%; height: 25px; text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/article-40-of-indian-constitution\/\" target=\"_blank\">Article 40 of Indian Constitution<\/a><\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 0px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 113.938%; height: 10px; text-align: center;\" colspan=\"2\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/article-78-of-indian-constitution\/\" target=\"_blank\">Article 78 of Indian Constitution<\/a><\/strong><strong><br \/>\n<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Article 19 of Indian Constitution guarantees six freedoms like speech, assembly and profession, subject to reasonable restrictions for security and public order.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":27,"featured_media":89925,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[786],"tags":[5720,5107,5484,5485],"class_list":["post-89941","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-general-studies","tag-article-19-of-indian-constitution","tag-indian-polity","tag-polity","tag-polity-notes","no-featured-image-padding"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/89941","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/27"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=89941"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/89941\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":115139,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/89941\/revisions\/115139"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/89925"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=89941"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=89941"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=89941"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}