{"id":90329,"date":"2026-03-09T17:13:25","date_gmt":"2026-03-09T11:43:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/?p=90329"},"modified":"2026-03-19T11:21:57","modified_gmt":"2026-03-19T05:51:57","slug":"article-3-of-indian-constitution","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/article-3-of-indian-constitution\/","title":{"rendered":"Article 3 of Indian Constitution, Provisions, Amendment, Case Laws"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Article 3 of the Indian Constitution forms the constitutional basis for changing India\u2019s internal political map. It empowers Parliament to create new States and modify existing ones according to administrative needs and regional demands. The provision reflects a flexible federal design where unity is preserved while boundaries remain adjustable. Since Independence, this Article has been repeatedly invoked to reorganize territories, upgrade Union Territories into States, and rename or reshape regions. It ensures that constitutional procedure, not political convenience, governs every territorial alteration within the Union of India.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><b>Article 3 of Indian Constitution<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Article 3 authorizes Parliament to enact laws for forming new States or altering the area, boundaries, or names of existing States.<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Article 3 (a):<\/strong> Formation of a New State: Parliament can create a new State by separating territory from an existing State, merging two or more States or their parts, or attaching any territory to a part of a State, through a law duly enacted.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Article 3 (b)<\/strong>: Increase in Area of a State: Parliament has authority to enlarge the territorial extent of any State by adding land from another State or territory, ensuring administrative adjustment through a formal legislative process under constitutional provisions.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Article 3 (c)<\/strong>: Diminution of Area of a State: Parliament may reduce the geographical size of a State by separating a portion of its territory for the purpose of reorganization, merger, or creation of a new State or Union Territory.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Article 3 (d)<\/strong>: Alteration of Boundaries: Parliament can legally redraw or modify the inter-State boundaries, changing demarcation lines between States to improve governance, resolve disputes, or implement territorial reorganization as required.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Article 3 (e)<\/strong>: Alteration of Name of a State: Parliament is empowered to change the official name of any State by law, enabling recognition of historical, linguistic, cultural, or political developments within the constitutional framework.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Proviso<\/strong>: Presidential Recommendation and State Consultation: A Bill under Article 3 cannot be introduced in either House without the President\u2019s recommendation. If it affects a State\u2019s area, boundary, or name, it must be referred to that State Legislature for its views within a specified period.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Explanation I<\/strong>: Meaning of \u201cState\u201d: In clauses (a) to (e), the term \u201cState\u201d includes a Union Territory, expanding Parliament\u2019s reorganization power. However, in the proviso requiring consultation, \u201cState\u201d does not include a Union Territory.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Explanation II<\/strong>: Power to Unite Territories: The authority under clause (a) also permits Parliament to form a new State or Union Territory by uniting part of any State or Union Territory with another State or Union Territory.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><b>Article 3 of Indian Constitution Provisions<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Article 3 of Indian Constitution lays down the following provisions:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Parliament can create a new State by separating territory from an existing State or by uniting two or more States or their parts into one political unit.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It can enlarge the territory of any State by legally adding land from another State or by integrating additional territory through parliamentary legislation.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/structure-of-the-indian-parliament\/\" target=\"_blank\">Parliament<\/a><\/strong> may reduce the geographical size of a State by carving out part of its territory for reorganization or merger purposes.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Article permits modification of inter-State boundaries, enabling redrawing of demarcation lines to meet administrative or regional requirements.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Parliament has authority to officially rename any State through legislation, reflecting cultural, linguistic, or political developments.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">No Bill under Article 3 can be introduced in either House without prior recommendation of the President of India.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">If a proposal affects a State\u2019s area, boundary, or name, the <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/president-of-india\/\" target=\"_blank\">President<\/a><\/strong> must refer the Bill to that State Legislature for expressing its views.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The President specifies the period within which the State Legislature must respond, and may extend this time if necessary.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The opinion expressed by the State Legislature is advisory only; Parliament may proceed even if the State disagrees.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><b>Article 3 of Indian Constitution Amendments<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Article 3 of Indian Constitution has been modified to refine procedural requirements for territorial changes. The <\/span><b>Fifth Constitutional Amendment Act 1955<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> has prevailed:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This amendment clarified that a Bill under Article 3 requires the President\u2019s recommendation before introduction in Parliament.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It mandated that if a proposal affects States listed in Part A or Part B of the First Schedule, the President must refer it to the concerned Legislature.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The amendment authorized the President to specify the time within which the State Legislature must express its views on the proposal.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It empowered the President to grant additional time beyond the original period for the State Legislature to submit its opinion.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The amendment institutionalized consultation while preserving Parliament\u2019s final authority in matters of reorganization.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><b>Article 3 of Indian Constitution Case Laws<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Judicial interpretation has clarified the scope and limits of Parliament\u2019s power under Article 3 of Indian Constitution.<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Babulal Parate v. State of Bombay 1960<\/strong>: The <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/supreme-court-of-india\/\" target=\"_blank\">Supreme Court<\/a><\/strong> upheld the validity of the Bombay Reorganisation leading to creation of Maharashtra and Gujarat, holding that Parliament is not bound by State Legislature\u2019s views. The Court ruled that the President may fix and extend the time for States to express their views, and absence of response does not invalidate the law.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Berubari Union Case 1960<\/strong>: The Court clarified that Article 3 does not authorize cession of Indian territory to a foreign country; such transfer requires a constitutional amendment. Following the Berubari opinion, Parliament enacted the Ninth Amendment Act, 1960 to enable transfer of territory, showing limits of Article 3 power.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Haji Abdul Gani Khan v. Union of India<\/strong>: The Court affirmed that Article 3 applies to both States and Union Territories, validating Parliament\u2019s authority over territorial restructuring. The judgment confirmed that Parliament can form new States or Union Territories and alter their boundaries under Article 3 framework.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><b>Article 3 of Indian Constitution Implementation<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Article 3 of Indian Constitution has shaped India\u2019s territorial evolution, including creation of-<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">14 States in 1956<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Gujarat and Maharashtra in 1960<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Nagaland in 1962<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Punjab and Haryana in 1966<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Meghalaya in 1969<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Himachal Pradesh in 1970<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Tripura and Manipur in 1972<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Sikkim in 1975<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Mizoram and Arunachal Pradesh in 1986<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Goa in 1987<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Chhattisgarh, Uttaranchal and Jharkhand in 2000<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Telangana in 2014<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<table style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 88.2994%; height: 150px;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr style=\"height: 25px;\">\n<td class=\"tb-color\" style=\"width: 113.938%; height: 25px; text-align: center;\" colspan=\"2\"><strong>Also Check Related Articles<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 25px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 53.5217%; height: 25px; text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/article-167-of-indian-constitution\/\" target=\"_blank\"><strong><span data-sheets-root=\"1\">Article 167 of Indian Constitution<\/span><\/strong><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 60.4159%; height: 25px; text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/article-93-of-indian-constitution\/\" target=\"_blank\"><strong><span data-sheets-root=\"1\">Article 93 of Indian Constitution<\/span><\/strong><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 25px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 53.5217%; height: 25px; text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/article-141-of-indian-constitution\/\" target=\"_blank\"><strong><span data-sheets-root=\"1\">Article 141 of Indian Constitution<\/span><\/strong><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 60.4159%; 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height: 25px; text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/article-102-of-indian-constitution\/\" target=\"_blank\"><strong><span data-sheets-root=\"1\">Article 102 of Indian Constitution<\/span><\/strong><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 25px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 53.5217%; height: 25px; text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/article-83-of-indian-constitution\/\" target=\"_blank\"><strong><span data-sheets-root=\"1\">Article 83 of Indian Constitution<\/span><\/strong><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 60.4159%; height: 25px; text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/article-88-of-indian-constitution\/\" target=\"_blank\"><strong><span data-sheets-root=\"1\">Article 88 of Indian Constitution<\/span><\/strong><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 25px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 53.5217%; height: 25px; text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/article-28-of-indian-constitution\/\" target=\"_blank\"><strong><span data-sheets-root=\"1\">Article 28 of Indian Constitution<\/span><\/strong><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 60.4159%; height: 25px; text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/article-103-of-indian-constitution\/\" target=\"_blank\"><strong><span data-sheets-root=\"1\">Article 103 of Indian Constitution<\/span><\/strong><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 25px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 53.5217%; height: 25px; text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/article-36-of-the-constitution\/\" target=\"_blank\"><strong><span data-sheets-root=\"1\">Article 36 of Indian Constitution<\/span><\/strong><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 60.4159%; height: 25px; text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/article-62-of-indian-constitution\/\" target=\"_blank\"><strong><span data-sheets-root=\"1\">Article 62 of Indian Constitution<\/span><\/strong><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 25px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 53.5217%; height: 25px; text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/article-82-of-indian-constitution\/\" target=\"_blank\"><strong><span data-sheets-root=\"1\">Article 82 of Indian Constitution<\/span><\/strong><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 60.4159%; height: 25px; text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/article-97-of-indian-constitution\/\" target=\"_blank\"><strong><span data-sheets-root=\"1\">Article 97 of Indian Constitution<\/span><\/strong><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 25px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 53.5217%; height: 25px; text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/article-224-of-indian-constitution\/\" target=\"_blank\"><strong><span data-sheets-root=\"1\">Article 224 of Indian Constitution<\/span><\/strong><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 60.4159%; height: 25px; text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/article-251-of-indian-constitution\/\" target=\"_blank\"><strong><span data-sheets-root=\"1\">Article 251 of Indian Constitution<\/span><\/strong><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 25px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 53.5217%; height: 25px; text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/article-13-of-indian-constitution\/\" target=\"_blank\"><strong><span data-sheets-root=\"1\">Article 13 of Indian Constitution<\/span><\/strong><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 60.4159%; height: 25px; text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/article-29-and-30-of-indian-constitution\/\" target=\"_blank\"><strong><span data-sheets-root=\"1\">Article 29 &amp; 30 of Indian Constitution <\/span><\/strong><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 25px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 53.5217%; height: 25px; text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/article-15-of-indian-constitution\/\" target=\"_blank\"><strong><span data-sheets-root=\"1\">Article 15 of Indian Constitution<\/span><\/strong><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 60.4159%; height: 25px; text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/article-4-of-indian-constitution\/\" target=\"_blank\"><strong><span data-sheets-root=\"1\">Article 4 of Indian Constitution<\/span><\/strong><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 25px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 53.5217%; height: 25px; text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/article-85-of-indian-constitution\/\" target=\"_blank\"><strong><span data-sheets-root=\"1\">Article 85 of Indian Constitution<\/span><\/strong><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 60.4159%; height: 25px; text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/article-27-of-indian-constitution\/\" target=\"_blank\"><strong><span data-sheets-root=\"1\">Article 27 of Indian Constitution<\/span><\/strong><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 25px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 53.5217%; height: 25px; text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/article-238-of-indian-constitution\/\" target=\"_blank\"><strong><span data-sheets-root=\"1\">Article 238 of Indian Constitution<\/span><\/strong><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 60.4159%; height: 25px; text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/article-312-of-indian-constitution\/\" target=\"_blank\"><strong><span data-sheets-root=\"1\">Article 312 of Indian Constitution<\/span><\/strong><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 25px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 53.5217%; height: 25px; text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/article-137-of-indian-constitution\/\" target=\"_blank\"><strong><span data-sheets-root=\"1\">Article 137 of Indian Constitution<\/span><\/strong><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 60.4159%; height: 25px; text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/article-118-of-indian-constitution\/\" target=\"_blank\"><strong><span data-sheets-root=\"1\">Article 118 of Indian Constitution<\/span><\/strong><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 25px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 53.5217%; height: 25px; text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/article-353-of-indian-constitution\/\" target=\"_blank\"><strong><span data-sheets-root=\"1\">Article 353 of Indian Constitution<\/span><\/strong><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 60.4159%; height: 25px; text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/article-111-of-indian-constitution\/\" target=\"_blank\"><strong><span data-sheets-root=\"1\">Article 111 of Indian Constitution<\/span><\/strong><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 25px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 53.5217%; height: 25px; text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/article-113-of-indian-constitution\/\" target=\"_blank\"><strong><span data-sheets-root=\"1\">Article 113 of Indian Constitution<\/span><\/strong><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 60.4159%; height: 25px; text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/article-76-of-indian-constitution\/\" target=\"_blank\"><strong><span data-sheets-root=\"1\">Article 76 of Indian Constitution<\/span><\/strong><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 25px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 53.5217%; height: 25px; text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/article-44-of-indian-constitution\/\" target=\"_blank\"><strong><span data-sheets-root=\"1\">Article 44 of Indian Constitution<\/span><\/strong><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 60.4159%; height: 25px; text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/article-50-of-indian-constitution\/\" target=\"_blank\"><strong><span data-sheets-root=\"1\">Article 50 of Indian Constitution<\/span><\/strong><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 25px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 53.5217%; height: 25px; text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/article-295-of-indian-constitution\/\" target=\"_blank\">Article 295 of Indian Constitution<\/a><\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 60.4159%; height: 25px; text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/article-194-of-indian-constitution\/\" target=\"_blank\">Article 194 of Indian Constitution<\/a><\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 25px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 53.5217%; height: 25px; text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/article-39-of-indian-constitution\/\" target=\"_blank\">Article 39 of Indian Constitution<\/a><\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 60.4159%; height: 25px; text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/article-191-of-indian-constitution\/\" target=\"_blank\">Article 191 of Indian Constitution<\/a><\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 25px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 53.5217%; height: 25px; text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/article-20-of-indian-constitution\/\" target=\"_blank\">Article 20 of Indian Constitution<\/a><\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 60.4159%; height: 25px; text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/article-16-of-indian-constitution\/\" target=\"_blank\">Article 16 of Indian Constitution<\/a><\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 25px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 53.5217%; height: 25px; text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/article-67-of-indian-constitution\/\" target=\"_blank\">Article 67 of Indian Constitution<\/a><\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 60.4159%; height: 25px; text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/article-40-of-indian-constitution\/\" target=\"_blank\">Article 40 of Indian Constitution<\/a><\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 0px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 113.938%; height: 10px; text-align: center;\" colspan=\"2\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/article-78-of-indian-constitution\/\" target=\"_blank\">Article 78 of Indian Constitution<\/a><\/strong><strong><br \/>\n<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Article 3 of Indian Constitution empowers Parliament to create new States, alter boundaries and rename regions, ensuring flexible federalism and lawful reorganization.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":25,"featured_media":90308,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[786],"tags":[5778,5560],"class_list":{"0":"post-90329","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-general-studies","8":"tag-article-3-of-indian-constitution","9":"tag-constitution","10":"no-featured-image-padding"},"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/90329","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/25"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=90329"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/90329\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":93641,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/90329\/revisions\/93641"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/90308"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=90329"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=90329"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=90329"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}