{"id":98168,"date":"2026-04-13T16:00:55","date_gmt":"2026-04-13T10:30:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/?p=98168"},"modified":"2026-04-13T18:06:54","modified_gmt":"2026-04-13T12:36:54","slug":"hinduism","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/hinduism\/","title":{"rendered":"Hinduism, Nature, Features, Evolution, Philosophy, Texts, Sects"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><b>Hinduism<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, also known as <\/span><b>Sanatana Dharma<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, is regarded as <\/span><b>one of the oldest living religious traditions<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> in the world. With approximately 1.2 billion followers, it is the <\/span><b>third largest religion in the world<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, predominantly practiced in <\/span><b>India, Nepal, and Mauritius<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Unlike many other major religions, <\/span><b>Hinduism does not have a single founder, a central religious authority, or one universally accepted scripture.<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Instead, it represents a <\/span><b>broad and inclusive system of beliefs, philosophies, and cultural practices.<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Hinduism is often described not merely as a religion but as a <\/span><b>way of life<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, as it governs social conduct, ethical values, rituals, and spiritual pursuits.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><b>Hinduism Nature and Features<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Hinduism is unique due to its diversity and adaptability, which can be understood through the following features:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Hinduism believes in the <\/span><b>oneness of existence<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, where all beings are manifestations of the same ultimate reality. This idea promotes the concept of <\/span><b>Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam,<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> meaning the world is one family.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Hinduism does not impose a single rigid doctrine; rather, it <\/span><b>upholds pluralism<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and accommodates a wide variety of beliefs, allowing individuals the freedom to interpret spiritual truths in their own way.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It <\/span><b>includes both monotheistic and polytheistic elements<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, meaning that while some followers believe in one supreme reality, others worship multiple gods and goddesses as different manifestations of that reality.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The religion places <\/span><b>greater emphasis on spiritual experience and realization <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">than on strict adherence to rituals or dogmas, thereby making it flexible and inclusive.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It is <\/span><b>non-proselytizing in nature<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, meaning it does not actively seek converts from other religions.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Hinduism is <\/span><b>syncretic<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, meaning it has the capacity to absorb and integrate ideas from various traditions over time.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><b>Hinduism Historical Evolution<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The historical evolution of Hinduism reflects a continuous process of cultural synthesis, philosophical development, and social transformation, through which it has adapted to changing contexts while preserving its core spiritual foundations.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><b>Indus Valley Background<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The early cultural roots of Hinduism can be traced back to the <a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/indus-valley-civilization\/\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>Indus Valley Civilization<\/strong><\/a>, where archaeological findings indicate the worship of nature, fertility symbols, and proto-forms of deities like Shiva. Although direct continuity is debated, these elements influenced later religious developments.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><b>Vedic Period<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">During the <a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/vedic-period\/\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>Vedic Period<\/strong><\/a>, the religious system was centered on the Vedas, which were composed in Sanskrit. Society practiced elaborate rituals and sacrifices known as yajnas, which were conducted by priests. The focus was on appeasing natural forces such as fire, rain, and wind, represented by deities like Agni and Indra.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><b>Upanishadic Phase<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In the later Vedic period, there was a shift from ritualism to philosophical inquiry. The Upanishads introduced deeper metaphysical concepts such as Brahman (ultimate reality) and Atman (soul). This period emphasized knowledge and introspection as the means to attain liberation.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><b>Epic and Puranic Period<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">During this period, Hinduism became more accessible to the common people through devotional practices. Texts like the Ramayana and Mahabharata popularized moral values and religious teachings. The concept of Bhakti (devotion) emerged as a major path to salvation.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><b>Medieval Period<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Medieval Period witnessed the rise of the <a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/bhakti-movements-in-north-india\/\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>Bhakti Movement<\/strong><\/a>, which emphasized personal devotion to God and rejected rigid social hierarchies. Saints and poets played a crucial role in spreading religious ideas in regional languages, thereby making religion more inclusive.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><b>Modern Period<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Under colonial rule, Hindu society underwent significant reforms. Social and religious reformers worked to eliminate practices such as untouchability and promote equality. In the modern era, Hinduism continues to evolve while retaining its core philosophical principles.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><b>Core Philosophical Concepts<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Hindu philosophy revolves around some fundamental and interconnected ideas:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Dharma<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> refers to moral duty, righteousness, and the ethical order that sustains the universe. It varies based on one\u2019s stage of life, occupation, and individual capacity.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Karma<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> is the universal law of cause and effect, where every action \u2014 physical, mental, or verbal \u2014 produces corresponding consequences in this life or future lives.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Samsara<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> represents the continuous cycle of birth, death, and rebirth driven by accumulated karma.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Moksha<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> is liberation from this cycle and the ultimate goal of human life, achieved through knowledge, devotion, or selfless action.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Brahman<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> is the infinite, universal, and impersonal ultimate reality underlying all existence.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Atman<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> is the individual soul or self, which many schools believe is ultimately identical to Brahman.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Maya<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> refers to cosmic illusion \u2014 the veil that prevents individuals from perceiving ultimate reality and causes attachment to the material world.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Ahimsa (non-violence)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> is one of the highest ethical values in Hindu thought, influencing law, diet, and social conduct.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Satya (truth)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> is considered the foundation of dharma and moral life.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><b>Goals of Human Life (Purusharthas)<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Hindu philosophy outlines four essential goals that guide human life:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The pursuit of <\/span><b>Dharma<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> ensures that individuals lead a life based on moral and ethical principles.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The attainment of <\/span><b>Artha<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> involves acquiring wealth and material well-being through legitimate means.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The fulfillment of <\/span><b>Kama<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> allows individuals to enjoy desires and pleasures in a balanced and controlled manner.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The realization of <\/span><b>Moksha<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> represents the highest goal, which is spiritual liberation and self-realization.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><b>Hinduism Sacred Texts and Sources of Knowledge\u00a0<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Hindu scriptures are extraordinarily vast and are broadly divided into Shruti and Smriti.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Shruti (Revealed Texts):\u00a0<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The <\/span><b>Vedas<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, <a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/rig-veda\/\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>Rigveda<\/strong><\/a>, Samaveda, Yajurveda, and Atharvaveda, form the foundation of Hindu knowledge and are considered eternal and self-revealed.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The <\/span><b>Upanishads<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (108 in number) explore deep philosophical questions about the nature of reality, self, and consciousness. They form the philosophical core of Hinduism and are collectively called Vedanta.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The <\/span><b>Aranyakas and Brahmanas<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> deal with forest meditations and ritual explanations respectively.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>Smriti (Remembered Texts):\u00a0<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The narrates the life, values, and ideals of Lord Rama as a model of dharmic conduct.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The <\/span><b>Mahabharata<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> is the world\u2019s longest epic and discusses dharma, ethics, politics, and human dilemmas in extraordinary depth. It includes the Bhagavad Gita.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The <\/span><b>Puranas<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (18 major Puranas) explain complex philosophical ideas through accessible stories and narratives and popularized the worship of Vishnu, Shiva, and Devi.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The <\/span><b>Manusmriti and Dharmashastra<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> literature codified social and legal norms.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Texts like <\/span><b>Arthashastra<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (statecraft by Kautilya) and Ayurveda demonstrate the practical, scientific, and administrative dimensions of Hindu knowledge traditions.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><b>Concept of God and Deities<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Hinduism presents a highly flexible understanding of God:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It recognizes a single supreme reality, <\/span><b>Brahman<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, which can be worshipped in various forms and manifestations.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The <\/span><b>Trimurti<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> concept explains the cosmic functions through three principal deities: <\/span><b>Brahma as the creator, Vishnu as the preserver, and Shiva as the destroyer.<\/b><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The worship of the <\/span><b>divine feminine, or Shakti<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, highlights the importance of female energy in the universe.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Various <\/span><b>deities<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> such as Krishna, Rama, Lakshmi, Saraswati, and Ganesha represent different aspects of life and human values.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><b>Major Sects of Hinduism<\/b><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Vaishnavism<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> focuses on the worship of Vishnu and his incarnations, emphasizing devotion and surrender to God.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Shaivism<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> regards Shiva as the supreme deity and emphasizes meditation, asceticism, and inner realization.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Shaktism<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> centers around the worship of the Goddess as the ultimate source of power and creation.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Smartism<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> follows a more philosophical approach and allows the worship of multiple deities as equal manifestations of the same ultimate reality.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><b>Schools of Philosophy (Darshanas)<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Hinduism developed six orthodox philosophical systems that accept the authority of the Vedas. Each school provides a distinct approach to knowledge, reality, and liberation.<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Nyaya (Founder: Gautama)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: This school focuses on logic and epistemology, explaining that valid knowledge can be attained through reasoning and analysis. It emphasizes methods such as perception and inference to remove ignorance and achieve liberation.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Vaisheshika (Founder: Kanada)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: This school explains the physical world through an atomistic theory, stating that everything is composed of atoms. It classifies reality into categories like substance and quality to systematically understand the universe.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Sankhya (Founder: Kapila)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: This philosophy presents a dualistic framework where reality consists of Purusha (consciousness) and Prakriti (matter). Liberation is achieved by realizing the distinction between these two.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Yoga (Founder: Patanjali)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: This school provides a practical method for spiritual realization through discipline of body and mind. It outlines the Eightfold Path to control mental fluctuations and attain liberation.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Mimamsa (Founder: Jaimini)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: This school emphasizes the performance of Vedic rituals and duties. It considers correct action and adherence to dharma as essential for maintaining cosmic order and achieving spiritual progress.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Vedanta (Founder: Badarayana)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: This school explores the nature of ultimate reality (Brahman) and the soul (Atman), emphasizing knowledge as the path to liberation. It has three main sub-schools:<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>Advaita (by Adi Shankaracharya)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> teaches non-dualism, where Atman and Brahman are identical.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>Vishishtadvaita (by Ramanuja)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> teaches qualified non-dualism, where the soul is part of Brahman but not identical.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>Dvaita (by Madhvacharya) <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">teaches dualism, where God and the soul are completely distinct.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><b>Paths to Liberation<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Hinduism recognizes that individuals have different temperaments and therefore offers multiple paths for attaining moksha:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Jnana Yoga<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: the path of knowledge, focusing on self-realization through wisdom, inquiry, and philosophical understanding.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Bhakti Yoga<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: the path of devotion, emphasizing love, surrender, and personal connection with a chosen deity.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Karma Yoga<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: the path of selfless action, involving performance of duties without attachment to results, as taught in the Bhagavad Gita.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><b>Concept of Avatars (Dashavatara)<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Avatara doctrine refers to the descent of the divine into the world to restore cosmic order (dharma) whenever it is threatened. The ten principal avatars of Vishnu \u2014 known as Dashavatara \u2014 include Matsya, Kurma, Varaha, Narasimha, Vamana, Parashurama, Rama, Krishna, Buddha, and Kalki. This doctrine demonstrates Hinduism\u2019s belief in divine participation in human history and its capacity to absorb and integrate the Buddha within its framework<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><b>Hinduism Religious Practices<\/b><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Worship<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> in Hinduism, known as puja, involves offering prayers, flowers, food, and incense to deities either in temples or at home.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Pilgrimages<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> to sacred places are considered spiritually significant and are believed to purify the soul.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Festivals<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> play an important role in social and religious life, celebrating various aspects of mythology, seasons, and cultural traditions.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><b>Caste System and Society<\/b><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The caste system originated as a division of labor based on qualities and duties but gradually became rigid and birth-based.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It divided society into hierarchical groups, which influenced social interactions and occupations.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Although legally abolished, remnants of caste-based discrimination still exist in some areas.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><b>Relevance of Hinduism in Contemporary India and the World<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Hindu philosophy continues to have deep relevance in the modern world:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Yoga and Ayurveda<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> have been recognized globally as valuable contributions to human well-being. The United Nations declared June 21 as International Yoga Day in 2015.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The <\/span><b>concept of Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> has been adopted as a guiding principle of India\u2019s foreign policy and G20 presidency in 2023.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Hindu environmental ethics<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, viewing nature as sacred and interconnected, are increasingly relevant in the context of climate change and ecological degradation.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The <\/span><b>pluralistic and non-exclusive character <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">of Hinduism offers a philosophical framework for addressing religious conflict and promoting interfaith dialogue.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Hindu concepts of <\/span><b>consciousness<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and the nature of the mind are increasingly engaging with neuroscience, quantum physics, and modern psychology.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Hinduism explained with its nature, features, evolution, philosophy, texts, and sects. Know core beliefs, concepts, and relevance in modern world and Indian society.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":11,"featured_media":97709,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[786],"tags":[6840],"class_list":{"0":"post-98168","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-general-studies","8":"tag-hinduism","9":"no-featured-image-padding"},"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/98168","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/11"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=98168"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/98168\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":98172,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/98168\/revisions\/98172"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/97709"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=98168"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=98168"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=98168"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}