Amyloidosis

About Amyloidosis

• It is a rare disease that occurs when an abnormal protein, called amyloid, builds up in one’s organs, affecting their shape and functioning.
• Amyloid deposits can build up in the heart, brain, kidneys, spleen and other parts of the body, leading to life-threatening conditions like organ failure.
• Some varieties of amyloidosis occur in association with other diseases.
• These types may improve with treatment of the underlying disease. Some varieties of amyloidosis may lead to life-threatening organ failure.
• The general signs or symptoms would include: Severe fatigue, Loss of weight,Swelling in the belly, legs, ankles or feet, Numbness, pain or tingling in hands or feet and changes in skin colour.
• Different amyloidosis that are prevalent
  • Light-chain (AL) amyloidosis: People with conditions such as multiple myeloma or a bone marrow illness are more likely to have AL amyloidosis.
  • A amyloidosis: Previously known as secondary amyloidosis, this condition is the result of another chronic infectious or inflammatory disease, such as rheumatoid arthritis, Crohn’s disease, or ulcerative colitis. 

What is Lysozyme?

• It is a protein present in mucosal secretions and a principal component of airway fluid. 

Key points about the research

• They have assembled lysozyme molecules as a 2D monolayer at the interface of pure aqueous subphase.
• Researchers used the 2D protein monolayer to understand the behaviour of lysozyme molecules at air-water as well as at air-solid interface with the help of a technique called Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) technique.
• The physical properties of lysozyme molecules at air-water interface were investigated under the variation of surface pressure and subphase pH conditions in the study.
• The compressible behaviour of lysozyme monolayers were correlated to the stripe-like domains formed with increase in surface pressure.
• Lysozyme molecules at the air-water interface and their structural or conformational changes in variable pH conditions can be considered as a model system to study Amyloidosis disease, which occurs because of the misfolding and agglomeration of lysozyme molecules.

Q1) What is Protein?

Proteins are large, complex molecules that play many critical roles in the body. They do most of the work in cells and are required for the structure, function, and regulation of the body's tissues and organs.

Source: Scientists fabricate a 2D protein monolayer that can help study diseases like Amyloidosis