Down-Syndrome

About Dawn syndrome:

• Dawn syndrome is a genetic disorder, caused by the presence of an extra chromosome 21 also known as trisomy of chromosome 21.
• It is one of the leading causes of genetic disorders around the world.
• Types of Down syndrome: There are three types of Down syndrome.
  • Trisomy 21: About 95% of people with Down syndrome have Trisomy 21. With this type of Down syndrome, each cell in the body has 3 separate copies of chromosome 21 instead of the usual 2 copies.
  • Translocation Down syndrome: This type accounts for a small percentage of people with Down syndrome (about 3%). This occurs when an extra part or a whole extra chromosome 21 is present, but it is attached or “trans-located” to a different chromosome rather than being a separate chromosome 21.
  • Mosaic Down syndrome:  Mosaic means mixture or combination. For children with mosaic Down syndrome, some of their cells have 3 copies of chromosome 21, but other cells have the typical two copies of chromosome 21.
• The primary symptoms of Down’s Syndrome are as follows:
  • Mental retardation
  • Cognitive impairment may be mild to moderate
  • Tilted eyes or Fold of the skin above the eye etc.
• Treatment: Down syndrome is a lifelong condition and it cannot be cured. Early therapy programs can help improve skills.

 

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Q1) What is genetics?

Genetics is the scientific study of genes and heredity—of how certain qualities or traits are passed from parents to offspring as a result of changes in DNA sequence. A gene is a segment of DNA that contains instructions for building one or more molecules that help the body work.

Source: World Down-Syndrome Day: 21 march 2023