Infantile Hypophosphatasia

About Infantile Hypophosphatasia

• It is a rare genetic disease in which the patient’s bones and teeth demineralise, making her fragile and prone to fractures. 
• Symptom
  • It may have no noticeable abnormalities at birth, but complications become apparent within the first six months of life.
  • The initial problem may be the baby’s failure to gain weight and grow as expected, referred to as “failure to thrive.”
  • Sometimes the skull bones fuse, called craniosynostosis, which can lead to a deformed head (brachycephaly).
  • Affected infants have softened, weakened and deformed bones consistent with rickets.
  • Rickets is a general term for the complications due to defective skeletal mineralization during growth with softening of bone and characteristic bowing deformities.
• Cause 
  • It is caused by mutations in the ALPL gene.
  • This is the only gene that causes HPP. Genes provide instructions for making proteins that have an important function in the body.
  • When a mutation occurs, the protein may be faulty, inefficient, or absent, as in HPP.
• There is no known cure for this disease.

Q1) What is Rickets?

Rickets is a medical condition that primarily affects children and is characterized by the weakening and softening of bones. It is primarily caused by a deficiency of vitamin D, calcium, or phosphate in the diet, which are essential for proper bone development and maintenance.

Source: Families of India’s first cases of two rare disease patients struggle for inclusion under national policy