What is the Moonlight Programme?

About Moonlight Programme:

• The programme will have a constellation of about five lunar satellites (one for high data rate communications and four for navigation) that will allow accurate autonomous landings, high-speed communication, and surface mobility.
• It is Europe’s first-ever dedicated satellite constellation for telecommunication and navigation services for the Moon.
• These satellites will reportedly enable data transfer over 2,50,000 miles or 4,00,000 kilometres between the Earth and the Moon. 
• The prime focus of the Moonlight programme will be to offer coverage at the Moon’s South Pole.
  • South Pole of moon is a key area for many missions owing to lighting conditions and the potential presence of water ice within craters that perpetually remain in the shadows. 
• As part of the programme, the first step will be the launch of Lunar Pathfinder, a communications relay satellite built by Surrey Satellite Technology LTD, in 2026. 
• The initial services of the programme will reportedly begin by the end of 2028, and the system is said to be fully operational by 2030.
• The ESA is working with NASA and the Japanese space Agency JAXA on LunaNet, which is essentially a framework to standardise communication and navigation for the Moon.

Q1: What is Telecommunications?

Telecommunications, also known as telecom, is the exchange of information over large distances. It's a broad term that includes various sectors, but all include a transmitter and a receiver. The medium of signal transference can be via various means—fiber, electromagnetic fields, light, cable, etc.

News: What is the Moonlight programme, Europe’s mission for lunar explorations?