What is Radiocarbon Dating?

About Radiocarbon Dating

• Radiocarbon dating, or carbon-14 dating, is a scientific method that can accurately determine the age of organic materials as old as approximately 60,000 years.
• First developed in the late 1940s at the University of Chicago by Willard Libby, the technique is based on the decay of the carbon-14 isotope (Carbon-14 is a radioactive isotope of carbon). 
• It has been used for historical studies and atmospheric science.
• It can be used on any object that used to be alive. That includes pieces of animals, people, and plants, but also paper that was made from reeds, leather made from animal hides, logs that were used to build houses, and so forth.
• How does it work?
  • Carbon 14 is continually being formed in the upper atmosphere by the effect of cosmic ray neutrons on nitrogen 14 atoms. It is rapidly oxidized in air to form carbon dioxide and enters the global carbon cycle.
  • Plants and animals assimilate carbon 14 from carbon dioxide throughout their lifetimes into their tissues.
  • When they die, the carbon-14 starts to change into other atoms over time. 
  • Scientists can estimate how long the organism has been dead by counting the remaining carbon-14 atoms.
  • Carbon-14 has a half-life of about 5,730 years. That means half the atoms in a sample will change into other atoms, a process known as “decay,” in that amount of time.

Q1) What is an isotope?

Isotopes are atoms of the same element that have the same number of protons (i.e., atomic number, "Z") but a different number of neutrons, meaning that their mass number, "A", varies.Isotopes are notated in multiple ways. Most commonly, they are specified by the name or symbol of the particular element, immediately followed by a hyphen and the mass number (e.g., carbon-14 or C-14).

Source: Earliest 'true' saddle in east Asia discovered