Simlipal Tiger Reserve (STR)

About Simlipal Tiger Reserve (STR)

 

• Location: STR is located within the Mayurbhanj District, in the Northernmost part of Odisha.
• It is surrounded by high plateaus and hills, the highest peak being the twin peaks of Khairiburu and Meghashini (1515m above mean sea level).
• It was declared a 'Tiger Reserve' in the year 1956 and included under the national conservation programme 'Project Tiger' in 1973.
• The STR, along with a 'transitional area' of 2250 sq. km, was included as a part of the World Network of Biosphere Reserves by UNESCO in the year 2009.
• Terrain: The terrain is mostly undulating and hilly, interspersed with open grasslands and wooded areas.
• Vegetation: It is a mix of different forest types and habitats, with Northern tropical moist deciduous dominating some semi-evergreen patches.
• It is the only landscape in the world that is home to melanistic tigers.
• The region around STR is home to a variety of tribes, including Kolha, Santhala, Bhumija, Bhatudi, Gondas, Khadia, Mankadia and Sahara.
• Flora:
  • An astounding 1078 species of plants, including 94 species of orchids, are found here.
  • Sal is the dominant tree species here.
• Fauna: Leopard, Gaur, Elephant, Langur, Barking and Spotted Deer, Sloth Bear Mongoose, Flying Squirrel, Porcupine, Turtle, Monitor Lizard, Python, Sambar, Pangolin etc.

 

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Q1) What is the World Network of Biosphere Reserves?

The World Network of Biosphere Reserves is a program established by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) as part of its Man and the Biosphere (MAB) initiative. Biosphere reserves are designated areas that seek to balance conservation of biodiversity, sustainable development, and scientific research. These reserves serve as models for harmonious coexistence between humans and the environment.

Source: 21 poachers nabbed, 165 guns seized in Similipal after two forest guards killed