What are Auroras?

 

Why in News?

• The auroras are normally seen at higher altitudes in parts of Alaska, Norway, and other countries.
• This was the first time that the aurora was captured on camera in India by the Indian Astronomical Observatory.
• The 360-degree camera atop the IAO in Ladakh Hanle captured the mysterious phenomenon, which is triggered by an interaction between the plasma particles hurled by the Sun and Earth's magnetic field.

About Auroras:

• How is it formed? The sun is ejecting charged particles from its corona, creating solar wind. When that wind slams into Earth's ionosphere, the aurora is born.
• In the Northern Hemisphere, the phenomenon is called the northern lights (aurora borealis), while in the Southern Hemisphere, it's called the southern lights (aurora australis).
• The hemispheric asymmetry of the aurora is due in part to the sun's magnetic field interfering with Earth's magnetic field.

STEVE

• Another aurora-like occurrence on Earth is STEVE (Strong Thermal Emission Velocity Enhancement).
• It is a glowing atmospheric phenomenon, but it looks slightly different from its undulating auroral counterparts.
• Like the northern and southern lights, STEVE is also visible from lower latitudes, closer to the equator, than the auroras.

 

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Q1) What is a magnetic field?

A magnetic field is a vector field that describes the magnetic influence on moving electric charges, electric currents, and magnetic materials. A moving charge in a magnetic field experiences a force perpendicular to its own velocity and to the magnetic field.

Source: Northern Lights seen in India for the first time ever