{"id":13382,"date":"2025-11-05T17:50:39","date_gmt":"2025-11-05T12:20:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/?p=13382"},"modified":"2025-11-14T12:18:06","modified_gmt":"2025-11-14T06:48:06","slug":"green-economy","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/green-economy\/","title":{"rendered":"Green Economy, Principles, Strategies, Significance, Challenges"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><b>Green Economy<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> is a shift towards sustainable development, balancing economic growth with environmental protection and social equity. Defined by<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400\">low carbon emissions and efficient resource use, it promotes inclusive growth through green investments, policy reforms, and sustainable practices. Unlike traditional economies, it prioritises eco-friendly initiatives like renewable energy and circular models. Core principles include fairness, justice, and resource conservation.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><b>India's green economy<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> transition shows promise, particularly in renewable energy, though challenges like heavy fossil fuel reliance and infrastructure bottlenecks remain significant obstacles.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">What is Green Economy?<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">A green economy is defined by low carbon emissions, resource efficiency, and social inclusion, where growth is driven by investments that reduce pollution, enhance energy efficiency, and protect ecosystems. These green investments require public spending, policy reforms, and regulatory changes to support sustainable growth across all major <\/span><b>sectors of Indian economy<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Natural Capital for Growth: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The UN <\/span><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/environment\/\" target=\"_blank\">Environment<\/a><\/strong><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Programme (UNEP) highlights natural capital as a key economic asset, particularly for impoverished communities, focusing on promoting economic growth that benefits both people and the planet.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Sustainable Consumption &amp; Efficiency: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Sustainable consumption and production aim to reduce resource use, emissions, and waste throughout the product lifecycle, while resource efficiency maximises value with fewer resources.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Green Economy Framework: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The Green Economy framework promotes sustainable economic growth through green finance, technology, and investment, supporting countries in developing policies that enable a transition to more resilient, inclusive, and digitally integrated economies, contributing to the growth of the <\/span><b>digital economy<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Connection with Blue Economy: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The green economy and blue economy are interconnected, as both aim for sustainable development by conserving natural resources\u2014green focusing on land and energy, blue on oceans and coasts\u2014creating holistic environmental and economic benefits.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">How does Green Economy differ from traditional economy?<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The green economy focuses on sustainability, reducing environmental impact, and integrating economic, environmental, and social factors, unlike traditional models that mainly focus on <\/span><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/gross-domestic-product-gdp\/\" target=\"_blank\">GDP<\/a><\/strong><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> and lead to resource depletion and pollution. The difference between the two is as follows:<\/span><\/p>\r\n<table>\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td class=\"tb-color\">\r\n<p><b>Aspect<\/b><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"tb-color\">\r\n<p><b>Green Economy<\/b><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"tb-color\">\r\n<p><b>Traditional Economy<\/b><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>\r\n<p><b>Resource Use<\/b><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Emphasizes sustainable use and conservation of natural resources.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Often leads to over-exploitation and depletion of resources.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>\r\n<p><b>Economic Growth<\/b><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Growth is driven by investments in sustainable practices and technologies.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Growth is often achieved through industrial expansion and resource extraction.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>\r\n<p><b>Social Equity<\/b><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Focuses on social inclusion and equity, ensuring benefits are widely shared.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">May exacerbate social inequalities, prioritizing profit over equitable distribution.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>\r\n<p><b>Waste Management<\/b><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Advocates for waste minimization, recycling, and a <\/span><b>circular economy<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> approach.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Often follows a linear model of \"take-make-dispose,\" leading to high waste levels.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>\r\n<p><b>Investment Focus<\/b><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Promotes investments in sustainable practices, energy efficiency, and the use of renewable energy sources.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Investments often favour fossil fuels and traditional industries with high emissions.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Green Economy Principles<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The green economy emphasises shared prosperity, fairness, and resource conservation, directly contributing to <\/span><b>sustainable development<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> and helping countries meet their <\/span><b>SDG Goals<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> through sector-specific initiatives.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>The Wellbeing Principle<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">: A green economy creates shared prosperity, focusing on human, social, physical, and natural capital, and invests in sustainable systems, infrastructure, and education to provide green jobs and livelihoods.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>The Justice Principle<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">: It ensures fairness across generations, promotes equitable opportunities, supports women's empowerment, and fosters social justice for small enterprises and vulnerable groups.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>The Planetary Boundaries Principle<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">: A green economy protects and restores <\/span><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/biodiversity\/\" target=\"_blank\">biodiversity<\/a><\/strong><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> and natural systems, following the precautionary principle to prevent resource depletion and support sustainable livelihoods.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>The Efficiency and Sufficiency Principle<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">: It promotes sustainable consumption and production, conserving resources, adopting low-carbon models, and aligning costs with environmental and societal well-being.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>The Good Governance Principle<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">: A green economy relies on accountable, interdisciplinary institutions that promote transparency, public participation, and decision-making to serve both society and sustainability.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">India's Status as a Green Economy\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">India is steadily progressing towards a green economy, with ambitious plans and achievements. India\u2019s green economy is projected to reach a value of $1 trillion by 2030 and $15 trillion by 2070, with the potential to create 7.29 million green jobs by FY28 and 35 million by 2047.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">India\u2019s renewable energy capacity has grown to 220.10 GW, with a record 29.52 GW added in one year\u2014of which 23.83 GW came from <\/span><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/solar-energy\/\" target=\"_blank\">solar energy<\/a><\/strong><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> alone.<\/span>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The country aims to achieve 500 GW of non-fossil fuel-based capacity by 2030, aligning with its \u2018Panchamrit\u2019 climate commitments.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">India secured the 10th position in the 2025 Climate Change Performance Index (CCPI), maintaining its status as one of the world\u2019s leading nations in climate action, despite a minor decline in ranking.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">However, India\u2019s 176th rank in the 2024 Environmental Performance Index (EPI) reflects severe air pollution (177th in air quality), high coal dependence, and lagging biodiversity efforts.<\/span>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">While renewable investments and a 2070 net-zero goal signal progress, coal remains a key energy source, contributing to GHG emissions and poor air quality.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">India has launched numerous initiatives, such as the National Action Plan on Climate Change and the Production Linked Incentive (PLI) scheme for solar PV modules.<\/span>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The country is also part of international collaborations like the Indo-German Task Force and the International Partnership for Hydrogen and Fuel Cells in the Economy (IPHE).<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Strategies for Achieving a Green Economy<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">To transition effectively to a green economy, a comprehensive strategy is essential, incorporating a range of approaches that address economic restructuring, resource efficiency, and sustainable development.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Green Economic Development: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Adopting green economic development strategies involves supporting businesses that improve environmental outcomes, integrating sustainability into traditional economic growth, and fostering industries focused on clean technologies and renewable resources.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Resource Efficiency and Green Purchasing:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Enhancing resource efficiency and implementing green purchasing policies help reduce operational costs, lower environmental impacts, and stimulate demand for energy-efficient products and services within communities and businesses.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Local Production and Utilisation:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Promoting local production and consumption strengthens regional self-reliance, creates high-quality jobs, and minimises the environmental footprint associated with transporting goods over long distances.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Waste Stream Management: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Implementing effective waste stream management, such as aggressive recycling and zero waste initiatives, reduces disposal costs, creates green jobs, and transforms waste into valuable resources or energy.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Green Infrastructure:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Developing green infrastructure through smart land use and zoning decisions improves environmental quality, supports sustainable economic activity, and enhances the overall quality of life for residents.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Green Economy Importance<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">India\u2019s shift to a green economy is vital for sustainable development, offering immense potential for job creation, climate resilience, <\/span><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/clean-technology\/\" target=\"_blank\">clean technology<\/a><\/strong><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> expansion, and long-term economic growth through environmentally responsible policies and investments.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Job Creation: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">India's shift to a net-zero economy could generate 50 million jobs and contribute $15 trillion to the economy, as projected by the World Economic Forum.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Economic Growth and Innovation: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Transitioning to a green economy fosters sustainable economic growth by promoting low-carbon technologies and practices, leading to innovation and new business opportunities across various sectors.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Environmental Risk Reduction: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Adopting green economic practices significantly reduces environmental risks and resource scarcity, ensuring long-term ecological balance and sustainability for future generations.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Social Inclusion and Equity: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The green economy emphasises inclusive growth, ensuring that the benefits of sustainable development are equitably shared, thereby reducing inequalities and promoting social well-being.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Alignment with Sustainable Development Goals: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Implementing green economy strategies aligns with global <\/span><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/sustainable-development-goals\/\" target=\"_blank\">Sustainable Development Goals<\/a><\/strong><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, particularly those focusing on clean energy, sustainable cities, and climate action, fostering a holistic approach to development.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Green Economy Challenges\u00a0<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Despite significant progress and ambitious goals, India's transition to a green economy faces several challenges. These challenges are multifaceted and arise across various sectors, including energy, agriculture, industry, and finance.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Heavy Reliance on Fossil Fuels: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">India remains highly dependent on fossil fuels for its energy needs, with coal accounting for over 70% of electricity generation. Despite substantial growth in renewable energy, the fossil fuel share is expected to remain significant in the near future.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>High Investment Needs:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> To decarbonise, India may require an estimated $7.2 trillion in green investments by 2050 under the line-of-sight scenario and an additional $4.9 trillion under the accelerated scenario.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Infrastructure Bottlenecks: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">India\u2019s existing infrastructure needs significant upgrades to accommodate renewable energy. The power transmission infrastructure, in particular, requires expansion to integrate renewable energy from remote locations.\u00a0<\/span>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The lack of modernised grid infrastructure can slow down the push for green energy and result in inefficiencies.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Land Acquisition:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Land acquisition for renewable energy projects, especially solar and wind farms, remains a significant challenge. This issue is particularly acute in densely populated areas and regions with competing land use demands.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Dependency:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> India still imports over 40% of its primary energy requirements, worth over USD 90 billion annually. More investment is needed in R&amp;D, especially in storage solutions for renewable energy.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Green Economy Initiatives Launched by the Government<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">India has launched several green economy initiatives to promote sustainable development, reduce carbon emissions, and transition to clean energy, reflecting its commitment to environmental protection and climate action goals.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>National Green Hydrogen Mission: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Launched in 2023, this mission aims to make India a global hub for green hydrogen by targeting 5 million metric tonnes annual production by 2030, attracting over \u20b98 lakh crore investment and creating 6 lakh jobs.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>National Action Plan on Climate Change:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> The National Action Plan on Climate Change (NAPCC) includes missions like the National Solar Mission, National Mission on Sustainable Habitat, and National Mission on Energy Efficiency, focusing on emission reduction and clean energy promotion.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>PM-KUSUM Scheme:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Started in 2019, PM-KUSUM promotes solar energy in agriculture by subsidizing new and existing solar-powered irrigation pumps, aiming to solarize 49 lakh agricultural pumps and reduce farmers\u2019 dependence on fossil fuels.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Green Grids Initiative \u2013 One Sun, One World, One Grid:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Proposed by India and launched at COP26 in 2021, this initiative seeks to interconnect global solar energy grids, facilitating cross-border renewable energy sharing and enhancing energy security.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Green Credit Programme:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Introduced in October 2023, this market-based initiative incentivizes individuals and organizations to undertake voluntary environmental actions, such as afforestation, by awarding tradable green credits.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h3><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Partnership for Action on Green Economy (PAGE)<\/span><\/h3>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The <\/span><b>Partnership for Action on Green Economy (PAGE)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> focuses on integrating sustainability into economic policymaking. It assists countries in reshaping their economic policies to drive sustainable growth, create jobs, reduce poverty and inequality, and enhance ecological resilience.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Launched in 2013 as a response to the Rio+20 Declaration, PAGE combines the expertise of five <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/the-united-nations-un\/\" target=\"_blank\"><b>United Nations (UN)<\/b><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> agencies\u2014UNEP, ILO, UNDP, UNIDO, and UNITAR\u2014to provide coordinated technical assistance and capacity-building.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">PAGE supports the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, especially SDG 8, by promoting inclusive, sustainable economic growth and decent work.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The partnership coordinates United Nations efforts and offers holistic support to help countries implement green economy strategies effectively.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Green Economy UPSC PYQs<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<p><b>Question 1:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> The Partnership for Action on Green Economy (PAGE) a UN mechanism to assist countries in transition towards greener and more inclusive economies, emerged at:<\/span><b> (UPSC Prelims 2018)<\/b><\/p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">(a) The Earth Summit on Sustainable Development 2002, Johannesburg<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">(b) The United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development 2012, Rio de Janeiro<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">(c) The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change 2015, Paris<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">(d) The World Sustainable Development Summit 2016, New Delhi<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><b>Answer: (b)<\/b><\/p>\r\n<table style=\"border-collapse: collapse;width: 100%;height: 150px\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 25px\">\r\n<td class=\"tb-color\" style=\"width: 50%;height: 25px;text-align: center\" colspan=\"2\"><strong>Other Related Posts<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 25px\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;height: 25px;text-align: center\"><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/sectors-of-indian-economy\/\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>Sectors of Indian Economy<\/strong><\/a><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;height: 25px;text-align: center\"><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/sustainable-development\/\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>Sustainable Development<\/strong><\/a><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 25px\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;height: 25px;text-align: center\"><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/blue-economy\/\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>Blue Economy<\/strong><\/a><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;height: 25px;text-align: center\"><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/sustainable-development-goals\/\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>Sustainable Development Goals<\/strong><\/a><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 25px\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;height: 25px;text-align: center\"><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/green-economy\/\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>Green Economy<\/strong><\/a><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;height: 25px;text-align: center\"><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/digital-economy\/\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>Digital Economy<\/strong><\/a><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 25px\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;height: 25px;text-align: center\"><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/circular-economy\/\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>Circular Economy<\/strong><\/a><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;height: 25px;text-align: center\"><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/resource-mobilisation\/\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>Resource Mobilisation<\/strong><\/a><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 25px\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;height: 25px;text-align: center\" colspan=\"2\"><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/economic-growth-and-development\/\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>Economic Growth and Development<\/strong><\/a><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Green Economy is a low-carbon, resource-efficient, and socially inclusive economic system. Check more about Green Economy, Principles, Importance, Challenges.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":22,"featured_media":13412,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[30,38],"tags":[1377,40,1033],"class_list":{"0":"post-13382","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-upsc-economy-notes","8":"category-upsc-notes","9":"tag-green-economy","10":"tag-quest","11":"tag-upsc-economy-notes"},"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13382","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/22"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=13382"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13382\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":21217,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13382\/revisions\/21217"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/13412"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=13382"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=13382"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=13382"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}