{"id":14504,"date":"2026-10-08T16:30:41","date_gmt":"2026-10-08T11:00:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/?p=14504"},"modified":"2026-10-08T17:59:30","modified_gmt":"2026-10-08T12:29:30","slug":"narmada-river-system","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/narmada-river-system\/","title":{"rendered":"Narmada River System, Origin, Map, Tributaries, Basin, Dams"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The Narmada River System, also known as the Reva, is one of the major west-flowing river systems of Peninsular India. The Narmada is the fifth-longest river in India and the country\u2019s longest west-flowing river. Unlike most peninsular rivers that drain into the Bay of Bengal, it flows from east to west through a unique tectonic rift valley before draining into the Arabian Sea through the Gulf of Khambhat. <\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Originating near Amarkantak in Madhya Pradesh, the river flows for about 1,312 km between the Vindhya Range in the north and Satpura Range in the south. The Narmada River System supports irrigation, hydropower, drinking-water supply, agriculture and industries, while major projects such as Sardar Sarovar have enhanced its regional significance.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<h2>Narmada River System Origin<\/h2>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The Narmada River is the largest west-flowing river in peninsular India and is a major river under the <a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/peninsular-river-system\/\" target=\"_blank\">Peninsular River System<\/a>. <\/span><\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Originating from the Maikala range near Amarkantak in Madhya Pradesh at an elevation of approximately 1,057 metres, it flows westward through a rift valley formed between the Vindhya Range to the north and the Satpura Range to the south. <\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The river spans a total length of 1,312 kilometres before emptying into the Gulf of Khambhat.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h2>Narmada River System Map<\/h2>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The Narmada River System Map offers a detailed geographical overview of one of India\u2019s most significant west-flowing rivers. Originating from Central India, the Narmada Valley forms an important physiographic divide between the Vindhya and Satpura ranges and has distinctive geographical characteristics.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-30736\" src=\"https:\/\/vajiramias.sgp1.cdn.digitaloceanspaces.com\/wp\/upsc-exam\/2026\/01\/08170149\/Narmada-River-System-1.png\" alt=\"Narmada River System\" width=\"1037\" height=\"567\" srcset=\"https:\/\/vajiramias.sgp1.cdn.digitaloceanspaces.com\/wp\/upsc-exam\/2026\/01\/08170149\/Narmada-River-System-1.png 1037w, https:\/\/vajiramias.sgp1.cdn.digitaloceanspaces.com\/wp\/upsc-exam\/2026\/01\/08170149\/Narmada-River-System-1-768x420.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1037px) 100vw, 1037px\" \/><\/p>\r\n<h2>Narmada River System Tributaries<\/h2>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The Narmada River has several important tributaries on both its right and left banks. These tributaries contribute to the river\u2019s flow, aiding in irrigation, hydropower generation, and ecological balance. <\/span><\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Among these tributaries, the Tawa River is the largest left-bank tributary and is crucial for irrigation and water supply in Madhya Pradesh. <\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The Orsang River, a right-bank tributary, plays a significant role in Gujarat. <\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">These tributaries collectively support the Narmada River in sustaining agriculture, hydroelectric projects, and local biodiversity.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h3>Right Bank Tributaries of the Narmada River<\/h3>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Barna River<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Hiran River<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Tendoni River<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Choral River<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Kolar River<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Man River<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Uri River<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Hatni River<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Orsang River<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h3>Left Bank Tributaries of the Narmada River<\/h3>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\">Burhner River<\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Banjar River<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Sher River<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Shakkar River<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Dudhi River<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Tawa River (largest left-bank tributary)<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Ganjal River<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Chhota Tawa River<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Kaveri River<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Kundi River<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Goi River<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Karjan River<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h2>Narmada River System Basin<\/h2>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The Narmada River System Basin is one of India's most critical hydrological networks, governing the ecological and economic lifecycle of central and western India.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The Narmada River Basin covers an area of approximately 98,796 square kilometres, accounting for over 3% of India's total geographical area.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">It originates from Amarkantak in Madhya Pradesh and flows westward for 1,312 kilometres before draining into the Arabian Sea.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li>The basin is bounded by the Vindhya Range to the north, Satpura Range to the south and the Maikal region towards the east, while it opens westward towards the Gulf of Khambhat and the Arabian Sea.<\/li>\r\n\t<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">It spans Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat, and small portions of Maharashtra and Chhattisgarh.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li>The upper basin is characterised by hilly and forested terrain, while the middle and lower reaches include broader valley plains and alluvial areas supporting agriculture.<\/li>\r\n\t<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The river plays a crucial role in supporting irrigation, drinking water supply, and industrial activities. <\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Unlike many major east-flowing Peninsular rivers, the Narmada forms an estuarine outlet rather than a large delta, owing to its westward drainage, coastal setting, tidal influence and geomorphological conditions.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Major hydropower projects on the river include the Sardar Sarovar Dam, Indira Sagar Dam, and Omkareshwar Dam.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The river is also famous for natural attractions such as the Dhuandhar Falls and the Marble Rocks near Jabalpur.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Narmada River System Major Dams and Projects<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Major Narmada projects have been developed for irrigation, hydropower, drinking-water supply and regulated water distribution across the basin and command areas.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Sardar Sarovar Dam: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The Sardar Sarovar Project is the most prominent multipurpose project on the Narmada River. Located in Gujarat, it provides water for irrigation, drinking-water supply and power generation.<\/span>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Its extensive canal network has enabled Narmada water to reach areas beyond the immediate river valley, particularly in Gujarat.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Indira Sagar Project<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">: The Indira Sagar Project is located in Madhya Pradesh and is an important reservoir-based project in the Narmada system.<\/span>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">It has the largest reservoir storage capacity among completed reservoirs in India, according to NHPC.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Omkareshwar Project: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The Omkareshwar Project is another major multipurpose development on the Narmada in Madhya Pradesh, contributing to hydropower generation and water management.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Maheshwar Project:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> The Maheshwar Project is associated with hydropower development on the Narmada in Madhya Pradesh.<\/span>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Its construction has faced prolonged delays and suspension due to financial, environmental and implementation-related issues.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Narmada River System Westward Course Geographical Reasons<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The westward course of the Narmada is primarily controlled by the geological structure and relief of central India, rather than being a random drainage direction.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Rift valley setting:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> The Narmada flows through a major tectonic trough or rift-like valley, which provides a natural structural pathway for its westward course.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Narmada\u2013Son Lineament:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> The river follows the Narmada\u2013Son lineament, a major geological zone of weakness in Peninsular India. This structural control has strongly influenced the river's relatively straight course.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Vindhya\u2013Satpura alignment:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> The Narmada flows between the Vindhya Range in the north and Satpura Range in the south. These elevated ranges act as natural boundaries of the Narmada Valley and channel the river westward.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Slope and gradient:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> The Narmada Valley has a general westward inclination, which, together with its structural setting, facilitates drainage towards the Arabian Sea.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Faulting and tectonic movements:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Geological faults and fractures associated with the Narmada Valley created a favourable pathway for river incision and drainage development.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Arabian Sea outlet:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> The western side of the valley ultimately opens towards the Gulf of Khambhat, providing a natural outlet into the Arabian Sea.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Contrast with other Peninsular rivers:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Most major Peninsular rivers such as the Godavari, Krishna and Mahanadi generally follow the broader eastward slope towards the Bay of Bengal.<\/span>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The Narmada is an important exception because its course is strongly influenced by its structural valley.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Narmada River System Importance<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The Narmada River system is important for irrigation, hydropower, drinking water, agriculture, industries, ecological resources and the socioeconomic development of central and western India.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Irrigation:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Narmada projects supply water to large agricultural command areas, particularly through extensive canal networks.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Drinking water:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Narmada water supports numerous villages and urban settlements, especially in Gujarat.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Hydropower:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Major projects generate electricity while regulating river flows.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Agriculture:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Irrigation from Narmada reservoirs and canals has expanded agricultural water availability in relatively water-stressed areas.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Industrial development:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Reliable water availability supports industrial and economic activities in the basin and command regions.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Flood management:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Reservoirs enable regulated storage and release of water, contributing to flood-management efforts.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Ecological importance:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> The river supports aquatic ecosystems, wetlands, forests and associated biodiversity.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Cultural significance:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Places such as <\/span>Omkareshwar and the Narmada's numerous pilgrimage centres give the river considerable religious and cultural importance.<\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Tourism:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Landscapes such as the <\/span>Marble Rocks at Bhedaghat<span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> and river islands and gorges attract tourists.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Narmada River System Challenges<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Challenges facing the Narmada include competing water demands, ecological degradation, pollution, altered river flows, climate variability, salinity concerns and pressure from intensive development.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Competing water demands:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Agriculture, drinking water, industry and ecological requirements compete for available river resources.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Altered natural flows:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Large reservoirs and water diversions can modify the river's natural flow regime.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Ecological stress:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Changes in flow and habitat conditions can affect aquatic ecosystems.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Pollution:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Urban, agricultural and industrial activities can affect water quality.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Climate variability:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Changes in rainfall and evaporation can influence reservoir inflows and water availability.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Downstream salinity:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Reduced freshwater flows towards the estuary can contribute to concerns over <\/span><b>salinity intrusion<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> in the lower reaches.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Interstate management:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Coordinating water allocation, reservoir operations and project development among the basin states remains important for sustainable utilisation.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Large-project impacts:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Major <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/infrastructure\/\" target=\"_blank\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">infrastructure<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> can create social, ecological and land-use consequences that require careful planning.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Narmada River System Way Forward\u00a0<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The conservation of the Narmada requires integrated basin management that balances water security, ecological flows, pollution control, efficient irrigation and sustainable development. Important measures include:<\/span><\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Maintain ecological flows<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> to preserve downstream river and estuarine ecosystems.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Improve irrigation efficiency<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> and reduce avoidable water losses.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Strengthen pollution control<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> for urban and industrial wastewater.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Protect wetlands and riverine habitats<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> along the basin.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Promote groundwater recharge<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> to reduce excessive dependence on surface-water resources.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Use real-time hydrological data<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> for improved reservoir operation and flood management.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Strengthen interstate coordination<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> for equitable and sustainable water management.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Adopt climate-resilient planning<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> for changing rainfall and river-flow conditions.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Balance development with conservation<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> while planning future water-resource projects.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Narmada River System UPSC PYQs<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<p><b>Q1.<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> The Narmada river flows to the west, while most other large peninsular rivers flow to the east. Why? <\/span><b>(UPSC Prelims 2013)<\/b><\/p>\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">It occupies a linear rift valley.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">It flows between the Vindhyas and the Satpuras.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The land slopes to the west from Central India.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Select the correct answer using the codes given below.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">(a) 1 only<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">(b) 1 and 3 only<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">(c) 2 and 3 only<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">(d) None<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><b>Ans: (a)<\/b><\/p>\r\n<table style=\"border-collapse: collapse;width: 71.5587%\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td class=\"tb-color\" style=\"width: 118.362%;text-align: center\" colspan=\"2\"><strong>Also Check Other River System<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 49.4963%;text-align: center\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/godavari-river-system\/\" target=\"_blank\">Godavari River System<\/a><\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 68.8654%;text-align: center\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/tapti-river-system\/\" target=\"_blank\">Tapti River System<\/a><\/strong><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 49.4963%;text-align: center\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/kaveri-river-system\/\" target=\"_blank\">Kaveri River System<\/a><\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 68.8654%;text-align: center\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/mahanadi-river-system\/\" target=\"_blank\">Mahanadi River System<\/a><\/strong><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 49.4963%;text-align: center\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/ganga-river-system\/\" target=\"_blank\">Ganga River System<\/a><\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 68.8654%;text-align: center\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/narmada-river-system\/\" target=\"_blank\">Narmada River System<\/a><\/strong><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 49.4963%;text-align: center\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/yamuna-river-system\/\" target=\"_blank\">Yamuna River System<\/a><\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 68.8654%;text-align: center\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/krishna-river-system\/\" target=\"_blank\">Krishna River System<\/a><\/strong><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 49.4963%;text-align: center\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/indus-river-system\/\" target=\"_blank\">Indus River System<\/a><br \/>\r\n<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 68.8654%;text-align: center\"><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/brahmaputra-river-system\/\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>Brahmaputra River System<\/strong><\/a><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The Narmada River System flows westward through Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, and Gujarat into the Arabian Sea; key for irrigation, hydropower, and ecosystems. Learn about its basin and tributaries.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":30739,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[1474],"class_list":["post-14504","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-upsc-cse-exam","tag-narmada-river-system"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14504","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/8"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=14504"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14504\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":30737,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14504\/revisions\/30737"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/30739"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=14504"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=14504"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=14504"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}