{"id":2712,"date":"2026-01-05T13:35:12","date_gmt":"2026-01-05T08:05:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/?p=2712"},"modified":"2026-01-06T10:57:11","modified_gmt":"2026-01-06T05:27:11","slug":"northern-kingdoms-in-medieval-india-paramaras-chandelas-kalachuris-sisodiyas","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/northern-kingdoms-in-medieval-india-paramaras-chandelas-kalachuris-sisodiyas\/","title":{"rendered":"Northern Kingdoms in Medieval India, UPSC Notes"},"content":{"rendered":"

The Parmar Dynasty was a medieval Indian ruling dynasty that held power in the\u00a0Malwa\u00a0<\/strong>region of present-day central India from the 9th to the 14th centuries. They are regarded as belonging to the\u00a0Agnikula or Agnivansha<\/strong>.<\/p>\r\n

\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n
Paramar Dynasty<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Period:\u00a0972 - 1305 AD<\/strong><\/td>\r\nCapital:\u00a0Dhar and Mandu<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
\r\n
    \r\n\t
  • Founder:<\/strong>\u00a0It was founded by\u00a0Upendra\u00a0<\/strong>(Krishanaraja) at the beginning of the 9th century.\r\n\r\n
      \r\n\t
    • \u00a0Siyaka II<\/strong>\u00a0made it an independent kingdom. Siyaka II succeeded the\u00a0Rashtrakutas\u00a0<\/strong>of Manykheta after defeating Rashtrakuta King\u00a0Khotigga<\/strong>.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n\t
    • The extent of rule:<\/strong>\u00a0They ruled\u00a0Malwa\u00a0<\/strong>and surrounding areas in\u00a0west-central India<\/strong>. They included territories from Chittor in the north to Konkan in the south and from the Sabarmati River in the west to Vidisha in the east.<\/li>\r\n\t
    • Famous rulers:<\/strong>\u00a0Siyaka II, Prithvi Vallabha, Sindhuraja, Bhoja, Naravarman, Mahalakadeva.<\/li>\r\n\t
    • Sources:\u00a0<\/strong>\r\n
        \r\n\t
      • The\u00a0Harsola copper plates<\/strong>\u00a0of Siyaka II mention a king called Akalavarsha.<\/li>\r\n\t
      • Nava-sahasanka-charita<\/strong>\u00a0mentions the story title \u2018Paramar\u2019.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Prithvi Vallabha \/ Munja (972 - 990 AD)<\/strong><\/td>\r\n\r\n
    \r\n\t
  • Military conquests:<\/strong>\u00a0He defeated the Kalachuris, the Huns, the Guhilas, the Nadulas, and the Tailapa.\r\n\r\n
      \r\n\t
    • He was defeated and killed by western Chalukya king\u00a0Tailapa II<\/strong>.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n\t
    • Titles:<\/strong>Amoghavarsha<\/strong>, Prithvi Vallabha, and Sri Vallabha.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Sindhuraja (990 - 1010 AD)<\/strong><\/td>\r\n\r\n
    \r\n\t
  • Military conquests:\u00a0<\/strong>He defeated Satyashraya of the Western Chalukyas.\r\n\r\n
      \r\n\t
    • He defeated the Somavanshis of south Kosala, the Shilaharas of Konkana, and the ruler of Lata.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n\t
    • Source:\u00a0<\/strong>His biography\u00a0\u201cNava-Sahasanka- Charita\u201d<\/strong>\u00a0is written by his court poet\u00a0Padma Gupta.\u00a0<\/strong><\/li>\r\n\t
    • Contribution:\u00a0<\/strong>\r\n
        \r\n\t
      • He made a great contribution to the field of literature.<\/li>\r\n\t
      • Court poets and their work during his period:<\/strong>\r\n
          \r\n\t
        • Dhanajaya:<\/strong>\u00a0Author of 'Dasharupaka'<\/li>\r\n\t
        • Dhanika:<\/strong>\u00a0Author of 'Yashorupa valika'<\/li>\r\n\t
        • Dhanapala:<\/strong>\u00a0Author of 'Tilak-manjari'.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Bhoja (1010 - 1055 CE)<\/strong><\/td>\r\n\r\n
    \r\n\t
  • Military conquests:\u00a0<\/strong>He defeated the\u00a0Chalukyas\u00a0<\/strong>of Lata (present-day Gujarat), Shilahara of Konkan, Chahamanas of Shakambhari,<\/li>\r\n\t
  • Titles:<\/strong>\u00a0Parameshvara-Parama Bhattaraka.<\/li>\r\n\t
  • Source:\u00a0<\/strong>\r\n
      \r\n\t
    • He has been described as \u201cKaviraj<\/strong>\u201d in\u00a0Udaypur Prashasti<\/strong>.<\/li>\r\n\t
    • Modasa copper plates\u00a0<\/strong>are the earliest historical record of Bhoja's reign.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n\t
    • Contribution:<\/strong>\r\n
        \r\n\t
      • Architecture:\u00a0<\/strong>\r\n
          \r\n\t
        • He founded the city of\u00a0Bhojpur<\/strong>.<\/strong><\/li>\r\n\t
        • He constructed\u00a0Bhojeshwar Temple<\/strong>\u00a0and three dams in the area.<\/li>\r\n\t
        • He founded the\u00a0Bhoj Shala<\/strong>, a centre for Sanskrit studies in Dhar.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n\t
        • Literature:\u00a0<\/strong>\r\n
            \r\n\t
          • He was a great patron of art and literature and adorned many court poets.<\/li>\r\n\t
          • He authored the\u00a0Sarasvati-Kanthabharana<\/strong>, a Sanskrit Grammar treatise. His other works include\u00a0Bhujabala-Bhima, Charucharya, Shalihotra, and Shringara-Prakasha.<\/strong><\/li>\r\n\t
          • Dasabala,\u00a0<\/strong>the court poet of Bhoja composed\u00a0Chintamani-Sarnika<\/strong>.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Naravarman (1094-1133 AD)<\/strong><\/td>\r\n\r\n

Source: Dewas grant inscription<\/strong>\u00a0suggests that Naravarman succeeded Udayaditya on the throne.<\/p>\r\n

Contribution:\u00a0<\/strong>He had written the\u00a0Nagpur Prashasti<\/strong>\u00a0and restored the\u00a0Mahakala temple<\/strong>\u00a0in Ujjain.<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n

\r\n

Decline:\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\r\n

    \r\n\t
  • Weak rulers:<\/strong>\u00a0Rulers after Bhoja were weak and could not manage the empire.<\/li>\r\n\t
  • Invasions:<\/strong>Parmara Dynasty<\/strong>\u00a0faced invasions from neighbours such as Western Chalukyas, the Yadavas, the Delhi Sultanate, and the Vaghelas.\r\n\r\n
      \r\n\t
    • The last Paramara king\u00a0Mahalakadeva\u00a0<\/strong>was defeated and killed by the army of Ayn al-Mulk Multani (Governor of\u00a0Alauddin Khilji<\/strong>) in 1305 CE.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<\/figure>\r\n

      Chandela Dynasty<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n

      The Chandela Dynasty, also known as the\u00a0Chandelas<\/strong>, was a medieval Indian ruling dynasty that held power in the region of\u00a0Bundelkhand<\/strong>, in present-day\u00a0Madhya Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh<\/strong>, from the 9th to the 14th centuries. They were originally vassals of the\u00a0Gurjara-Pratiharas<\/strong>.<\/p>\r\n

      \r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n
      Chandela Dynasty<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
      Period: \u2009831 - 1315 AD<\/strong><\/td>\r\nCapital:\u00a0Khajuraho, Kalanjara and Mahoba<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
      \r\n
        \r\n\t
      • Founder:<\/strong>\u00a0The Chandela dynasty was founded by\u00a0Nannuka\u00a0<\/strong>in 831 AD.<\/li>\r\n\t
      • Rule of extent:<\/strong>\u00a0They ruled the Bundelkhand or Jejak Bhukti region.<\/li>\r\n\t
      • Sources:\u00a0<\/strong>Khajuraho inscription states that the Nannuka was a descendant of sage Chandratreya.<\/li>\r\n\t
      • Rulers:\u00a0<\/strong>Yashovrman, Dhanga, Vidhyadhara, Kirtivarman, Paramardi Deva, Vira Varman II.<\/li>\r\n\t
      • Expansion:\u00a0<\/strong>\r\n
          \r\n\t
        • Yashovarman<\/strong>, the first independent king, conquered Kalinjar Hill.<\/li>\r\n\t
        • Dhanga\u00a0<\/strong>occupied the Gwalior fort.<\/li>\r\n\t
        • Vidyadhara\u00a0<\/strong>protected his kingdom against the invasion of Mahmud of Ghazni and killed the Pratihara king of Kannauj.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
      Contribution to the Architecture<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
      Features<\/strong><\/td>\r\n\r\n

      The Chandela rulers developed a distinct style of temple making \u2013\u00a0Khajuraho<\/strong>\u00a0School<\/strong>\u00a0or Chandela School in Central India.<\/p>\r\n

      Features:\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\r\n

        \r\n\t
      • Decoration:\u00a0<\/strong>The\u00a0interior and exterior<\/strong>\u00a0walls in these temples were lavishly decorated with\u00a0carvings<\/strong>.<\/li>\r\n\t
      • Themes:<\/strong>\u00a0The sculptures were generally\u00a0erotic\u00a0<\/strong>in their themes and drew inspiration from\u00a0Vatsyayana\u2019s Kamasutra.<\/strong>\r\n
          \r\n\t
        • The temples were built on a relatively high platform and belonged to the Hindu and Jain religions.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n\t
        • Material:\u00a0<\/strong>The temples were made of\u00a0sandstone<\/strong>.<\/li>\r\n\t
        • Components:<\/strong>\u00a0The temples had three chambers \u2013\u00a0Garbhagriha, Mandapa and Ardhamandapa<\/strong>. Some temples had a vestibular entrance to the garbhagriha known as\u00a0antarala<\/strong>.<\/li>\r\n\t
        • Direction:\u00a0<\/strong>The temples were generally\u00a0north or east<\/strong>\u00a0facing.<\/li>\r\n\t
        • Method used:<\/strong>Panchayatan\u00a0<\/strong>style of temple making was followed. The subsidiary shrines had\u00a0Rekha-prasad shikhara<\/strong>\u00a0creating an impression of a mountain range.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
      \r\n

      Lakshmana Temple (Khajuraho)<\/strong><\/p>\r\n

      \"\"<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n

      		\r\n
        \r\n\t
      • Patron:<\/strong>\u00a0It was built by Chandela ruler\u00a0Yashovarman\u00a0<\/strong>in the 10th century AD.<\/li>\r\n\t
      • Location:\u00a0<\/strong>It is a Hindu temple dedicated to\u00a0Vaikuntha Vishnu<\/strong>\u00a0(an aspect of Vishnu) located in the\u00a0Chhatarpur\u00a0<\/strong>district of Madhya Pradesh.<\/li>\r\n\t
      • Features:\u00a0<\/strong>\r\n
          \r\n\t
        • The temple is a\u00a0Sandhara\u00a0<\/strong>temple of the Panchayatana variety.<\/li>\r\n\t
        • The temple has\u00a0only one entrance<\/strong>\u00a0on the east side.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
      \r\n

      Vishvanatha Temple (Khajuraho)<\/strong><\/p>\r\n

      \"\"<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n

      		\r\n
        \r\n\t
      • Patron:<\/strong>\u00a0It was built by Chandela ruler\u00a0Dhanga\u00a0<\/strong>in the 10th -11th century AD.<\/li>\r\n\t
      • Location:\u00a0<\/strong>It is a Hindu temple dedicated to\u00a0Vishvanatha\u00a0<\/strong>(a form of\u00a0Shiva)<\/strong>\u00a0located in the\u00a0Chhatarpur\u00a0<\/strong>district of Madhya Pradesh.\r\n\r\n
          \r\n\t
        • It is a part of the western group of the\u00a0UNESCO World Heritage<\/strong>-listed Khajuraho Monuments.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
      \r\n

      Kandariya Mahadeva Temple (Khajuarho)<\/strong><\/p>\r\n

      \"\"<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n

      		\r\n
        \r\n\t
      • Patron:<\/strong>\u00a0It was built by Chandela ruler\u00a0Vidyadhara\u00a0<\/strong>in the 11th century AD.<\/li>\r\n\t
      • Location:\u00a0<\/strong>It is a Hindu temple dedicated to\u00a0Shiva<\/strong>\u00a0located in the\u00a0Chhatarpur\u00a0<\/strong>district of Madhya Pradesh.<\/li>\r\n\t
      • Features:\u00a0<\/strong>\r\n
          \r\n\t
        • It is the\u00a0largest\u00a0<\/strong>and\u00a0tallest\u00a0<\/strong>of the surviving temples at the temple site of Khajuraho.<\/li>\r\n\t
        • Shiva is represented by the linga in the main shrine known as the\u00a0womb chamber.<\/strong><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
      \r\n

      Parshvanatha temple<\/strong>(Khajuraho)<\/strong><\/p>\r\n

      \"\"<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n

      		\r\n
        \r\n\t
      • Patron:<\/strong>\u00a0It was built by Chandela ruler\u00a0Dhanga\u00a0<\/strong>in the 10th century AD.<\/li>\r\n\t
      • Location:\u00a0<\/strong>It is a Jain temple dedicated to\u00a0Parshvanatha\u00a0<\/strong>located in the\u00a0Chhatarpur\u00a0<\/strong>district of Madhya Pradesh.<\/li>\r\n\t
      • Features:\u00a0<\/strong>\r\n
          \r\n\t
        • It is the\u00a0largest\u00a0<\/strong>among the Jain temples of Khajuraho.<\/li>\r\n\t
        • Its\u00a0exterior<\/strong>\u00a0walls feature\u00a0Vaishnavaite\u00a0<\/strong>themes.<\/li>\r\n\t
        • It doesn't feature explicit erotic sculptures compared to Kandariya and Laxman temples.<\/li>\r\n\t
        • It has an inscription with a\u00a0magic square<\/strong>\u00a0called the \"Jaina square\".<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
      \r\n

      Decline:\u00a0<\/strong>The decline of the Chandela Dynasty began in the 13th century due to a combination of internal conflicts and external invasions.<\/p>\r\n

        \r\n\t
      • Ghaznavid invasions<\/strong>\u00a0had weakened the Chandela kingdom.<\/li>\r\n\t
      • The Delhi Sultanate, under the leadership of\u00a0Qutb-ud-din Aibak<\/strong>, invaded the Chandela kingdom.<\/li>\r\n\t
      • The Chandela power continued to decline due to the rise of other local dynasties, such as the\u00a0Bundelas<\/strong>, the\u00a0Baghelas\u00a0<\/strong>and the\u00a0Khangars<\/strong>.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<\/figure>\r\n

        Kalachuri Dynasty of Tripuri<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n

        The Kalachuri Dynasty of Tripuri was a medieval Indian dynasty that ruled over the Tripuri region in present-day\u00a0Madhya Pradesh.\u00a0<\/strong>The dynasty was a branch of the larger Kalachuri dynasty, which held power in various regions of India from the 6th to the 13th century.<\/p>\r\n

        \r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n
        Kalachuris of Tripuri<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
        Period:\u00a0850 - 1212 AD<\/strong><\/td>\r\nCapital:\u00a0Tripuri (Tewar)<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
        \r\n
          \r\n\t
        • Founder:<\/strong>\u00a0It was founded by\u00a0Kokalla I<\/strong>\u00a0(850-885 AD).<\/li>\r\n\t
        • Rule of extent:\u00a0<\/strong>They ruled over the parts of central India and included Gorakhpur, Ratnapur, and Rajpur (eastern Gujarat).<\/li>\r\n\t
        • Sources:<\/strong>\r\n
            \r\n\t
          • The\u00a0Karitalai inscription<\/strong>\u00a0of the Lakshmanaraja I describes them as feudatories of the Rashtrakutas.<\/li>\r\n\t
          • The\u00a0Gyaraspur inscription<\/strong>\u00a0traces the dynasty's ancestry to Kartavirya Arjuna.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n\t
          • Expansion:<\/strong>\u00a0They started consolidating and expanding after the decline of the Rashtrakuta and Pratihara empires declined. The important kings and their military achievements are briefly discussed below:\r\n\r\n
              \r\n\t
            • Kokalla\u00a0<\/strong>won the Konkan area.<\/li>\r\n\t
            • Shankaragana III<\/strong>\u00a0adopted an aggressive expansion policy and defeated Gurjara-Pratihara King Vijayapala.<\/li>\r\n\t
            • Gangeya-Deva<\/strong>\u00a0(1015 - 1041 AD) defeated the Chandelas of Jejak-Bhukti.<\/li>\r\n\t
            • Laxmikarna (1041 - 1073 AD):<\/strong>\r\n
                \r\n\t
              • He led military campaigns against Anga and Vanga kingdoms.<\/li>\r\n\t
              • He defeated Solanki ruler\u00a0Bhima I<\/strong>\u00a0and Parmara king\u00a0Bhoja.<\/strong><\/li>\r\n\t
              • He conquered a large part of Chandela's territory.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n\t
              • Religion:\u00a0<\/strong>\u00a0They adhered to\u00a0Shaivism\u00a0<\/strong>but also supported\u00a0Jainism<\/strong>.<\/li>\r\n\t
              • Decline:<\/strong>\u00a0Rulers after Laxmikarna were weak and could not manage the empire, and faced frequent invasions, leading to a gradual loss of territory and influence.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
        Contribution to Architecture:<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
        \r\n

        The Karna Temple (Madhya Pradesh)<\/strong><\/p>\r\n

        \"\"<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n

        		\r\n
          \r\n\t
        • Built by King\u00a0Lakshmikarna<\/strong>\u00a0of the Kalachuri Dynasty of Tripuri.<\/li>\r\n\t
        • Location:<\/strong>\u00a0It is in\u00a0Amarkantak<\/strong>, Anuppur district of Madhya Pradesh.<\/li>\r\n\t
        • Features:<\/strong>\u00a0It consists of three temples built over a raised platform.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
        \r\n

        Chausath Yogini Temple, Bhedaghat (Madhya Pradesh)<\/strong><\/p>\r\n

        \"\"<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n

        		\r\n
          \r\n\t
        • Patron:<\/strong>\u00a0It was built early in the 11th Century AD by King\u00a0Yuvaraja II<\/strong>\u00a0of the Kalachuris of Tripuri.<\/li>\r\n\t
        • Location:<\/strong>\u00a0It is located on the bank of the river\u00a0Narmada\u00a0<\/strong>in Bhedaghat, Jabalpur district of Madhya Pradesh.<\/li>\r\n\t
        • Feature:<\/strong>\u00a0It has images of\u00a081 Yoginis<\/strong>. The temple is the abode of Goddess Durga.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<\/figure>\r\n

          Sisodiya Dynasty<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n

          The Sisodiya dynasty of Mewar was a Rajput dynasty that ruled over the\u00a0kingdom of Mewar<\/strong>, which is now part of the present-day Indian state of Rajasthan. They trace their ancestry to Rahapa, a son of the 12th-century\u00a0Guhila King Ranasimha.<\/strong><\/p>\r\n

          \r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n
          Sisodiyas of Mewar<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
          Period:\u00a01326 AD - 1947<\/strong><\/td>\r\nCapital:\u00a0Chittor and Udaipur<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
          \r\n
            \r\n\t
          • Rana Hammir I:\u00a0<\/strong>He was the founder of the Sisodiya dynasty of Mewar.<\/strong>\r\n
              \r\n\t
            • He was a contemporary of\u00a0Muhammad-bin-Tughluq<\/strong>\u00a0and defeated him.<\/li>\r\n\t
            • Source:<\/strong>\u00a0Rasik Priya and Kirti Stambh inscriptions refer to him as \"Visham Ghati Panchanan\".<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n\t
            • Rana Lakha (1382- 1421):\u00a0<\/strong>He ordered the construction of\u00a0Pichola Lake<\/strong>\u00a0in Udaipur in Rajasthan.<\/li>\r\n\t
            • Maharana Kumbha<\/strong>\u00a0(1433-1468):\r\n\r\n
                \r\n\t
              • He defeated the Sultan of Mandu and Mahmud Khilji in the\u00a0Battle of Mandavgad.<\/strong><\/li>\r\n\t
              • He built\u00a0Kumbhalgarh Fort<\/strong>\u00a0in Mewar region in Rajasthan.<\/li>\r\n\t
              • He wrote\u00a0Samgita-raja, the Rasika-priya, the Sudaprabandha, the Kamaraja-ratisara, Sangita-ratnakara and Sangita-krama-dipaka.\u00a0<\/strong><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n\t
              • Rana Sanga (1508-1528):<\/strong>\r\n
                  \r\n\t
                • He defeated the Sultan of Malwa in the\u00a0Battle of Gagron<\/strong>\u00a0(1519).<\/li>\r\n\t
                • He defeated Ibrahim Lodhi in the\u00a0Battle of Khatoli<\/strong>\u00a0(1517) & Dholpur (1519)<\/li>\r\n\t
                • He was defeated by Babur in the\u00a0Battle of Khanwa<\/strong>\u00a0(1527).<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n\t
                • Udai Singh II (1540\u20131572):<\/strong>\u00a0He founded the\u00a0city of\u00a0<\/strong>Udaipur<\/strong>.<\/li>\r\n\t
                • Maharana Pratap (1540- 1597):\u00a0<\/strong>He fought against Akbar in the\u00a0Battle of Haldighati<\/strong>\u00a0in 1576 to resist the expansionist policy of the Mughal empire.<\/li>\r\n\t
                • Amar Singh I (1597-1620):<\/strong>\r\n
                    \r\n\t
                  • He defeated the Mughal commander in charge,\u00a0Sultan Khan,<\/strong>\u00a0in the\u00a0Battle of Dewair<\/strong>\u00a0(1606).<\/li>\r\n\t
                  • Treaty of Chittor (1615):<\/strong>\u00a0He concluded a treaty with Mughal Emperor\u00a0Jahangir\u00a0<\/strong>putting an end to the Mughal-mewar conflict.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n\t
                  • Jai Singh (1680\u20131698):\u00a0<\/strong>\r\n
                      \r\n\t
                    • He fought a war against Mughal Emperor\u00a0Aurangzeb<\/strong>.<\/li>\r\n\t
                    • He ordered the construction of the\u00a0Dhebar Lake,<\/strong> also known as Jaisamand, in 1685.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<\/figure>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

                      Paramaras,Chandelas,Kalachuris & Sisodiyas ruled Malwa,Bundelkhand,Tripuri & Mewar region respectively.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":7877,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[38],"tags":[158,40],"class_list":{"0":"post-2712","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-upsc-notes","8":"tag-northern-kingdoms-in-medieval-india","9":"tag-quest"},"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2712","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2712"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2712\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":19574,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2712\/revisions\/19574"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/7877"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2712"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2712"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2712"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}