{"id":2737,"date":"2026-01-05T13:53:27","date_gmt":"2026-01-05T08:23:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/?p=2737"},"modified":"2026-01-06T12:39:03","modified_gmt":"2026-01-06T07:09:03","slug":"nobel-prize","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/nobel-prize\/","title":{"rendered":"Nobel Prize, Creator, Process, Winners, Significance, Criticism"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The Nobel Prize, established by Swedish inventor and philanthropist Alfred Nobel, is the world\u2019s most prestigious recognition of excellence in fields that advance human progress, which are Physics, Chemistry, Physiology or Medicine, Literature, Peace, and Economic Sciences. Instituted through Nobel\u2019s will in 1895, the awards honour individuals and organisations whose work has made the \u201cgreatest benefit to humankind.\u201d\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">First presented in 1901, the Nobel Prizes symbolise intellectual achievement, humanitarian service, and the pursuit of global peace. From Albert Einstein\u2019s breakthroughs in physics to Mother Teresa\u2019s humanitarian mission, these laureates represent the spirit of innovation and compassion that the Nobel envisioned. Over the decades, the Nobel Prizes have not only celebrated outstanding contributions but have also inspired generations toward knowledge, peace, and the betterment of humanity.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Nobel Prize History<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Alfred Nobel was a chemist, engineer, inventor, and businessman, and he is remembered for founding the Nobel Prize.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">In his will, Alfred Nobel decreed that his wealth should be used to recognise individuals who had \u201crendered the greatest service to humankind\u201d during the preceding year.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The prizes were to recognise exceptional contributions in the fields closest to his own work \u2014 physics, chemistry, physiology or medicine, literature, and peace.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Following his death, it took several years to bring his vision to fruition, with the first Nobel Prizes awarded in 1901.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">In 1969, an additional award, the Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel, was introduced to commemorate the 300th anniversary of Sweden\u2019s central bank.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Alfred Nobel<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Alfred Nobel was born on October 21, 1833, in Stockholm, Sweden, and died in San Remo, Italy, on December 10, 1896.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/d35xcwcl37xo08.cloudfront.net\/upsc-exam-wp-uploads\/2025\/10\/image6.webp\" alt=\"alfred-nobel\" title=\"alfred-nobel\" class=\"my-image my-image-size-full my-image-align-none\" style=\"width: auto; height: auto;\" \/>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Nobel's most popular invention is <\/span><b>dynamite,<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> using nitroglycerin, which he patented in 1867.<\/span>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">When the St. Gotthard Tunnel in the Swiss Alps was finished in 1881 and dynamite was used extensively for the first time, he gained worldwide fame.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">In total, he had 355 patents, including a blasting cap and smokeless gunpowder.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">More than 20 countries had Nobel companies, and approximately 90 factories worldwide produced explosives of all types using his patents.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Nobel Prize Process<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">All of the Nobel Prizes have a similar selection process; the main divergence is who can submit a nomination.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<h3><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Nobel Prize Nomination Process - Stage 1<\/span><\/h3>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The Nobel Committee sends nomination forms to about 3,000 people each year in September, the year before the prizes are given out.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">These people are typically well-known academics who are active in a relevant field.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Governments, former Peace Prize winners, and current or former members of the Norwegian Nobel Committee are all contacted with questions about the Peace Prize.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The nomination forms must be returned by the <\/span><b>31st of January of the award year<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">From these nomination forms and additional names, the Nobel Committee selects about 300 candidates for the prize.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Both the names of the nominees and the fact that they are being considered for the award are kept secret.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">After a prize is given out, all nomination records are sealed for a period of 50 years.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h3><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Nobel Prize Selection Process - Stage 2<\/span><\/h3>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The Nobel Committee then draws up a report that incorporates the recommendations of subject-matter experts. This is provided to the prize-awarding organisations along with the list of preliminary candidates.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The six prizes awarded are given by four organisations:<\/span>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u2013 Chemistry; Physics; Economic Science<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Nobel Assembly at the Karolinska Institute<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u2013 Physiology \/ Medicine<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Swedish Academy<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u2013 Literature<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Norwegian Nobel Committee<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u2013 Peace<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">A majority vote is used by the institutions to select the laureate or laureates in each field.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The vote is immediately followed by the announcement of their decision, which cannot be challenged.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">A maximum of three laureates and two distinct works may be chosen for each award.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The awards can only be given to individuals, except for the Peace Prize, which can be given to institutions.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">During the<\/span><b> first two weeks of October,<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> the awarding organisations announce the winners.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h3><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Nobel Prize Award Ceremonies - Stage 3<\/span><\/h3>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The award ceremonies are held on <\/span><b>December 10,<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> also known as \"<\/span><b>Nobel Day\u201d <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">due to the death<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400\">anniversary of Alfred Nobel.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The Nobel Prize award ceremony is held at the <\/span><b>Stockholm Concert Hall <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">in <\/span><b>Sweden<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">.<\/span>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Here, the Nobel Prizes for economic sciences, literature, physiology or medicine, physics, and chemistry are presented.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">For the Nobel Prize in Peace, the award ceremony takes place in <\/span><b>Oslo <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">and is given by the Norwegian<\/span><b> Nobel Committee<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Nobel Prize Winners<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Some of the notable Nobel Prize-winning laureates are listed below.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<h3><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Albert Einstein<\/span><\/h3>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Albert Einstein was a German-born physicist who developed the special and general theories of relativity.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Albert Einstein received the Physics Nobel Prize in 1921.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">His discovery of the \"photoelectric effect,\" or the ability of metallic atoms, when exposed to light, to eject electrons, earned him the prize.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/d35xcwcl37xo08.cloudfront.net\/upsc-exam-wp-uploads\/2025\/10\/image13.webp\" alt=\"albert-einstein\" title=\"albert-einstein\" class=\"my-image my-image-size-full my-image-align-none\" style=\"width: auto; height: auto;\" \/>\r\n<h3><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Marie Curie<\/span><\/h3>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Marie Curie was a Polish-born French physicist.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Marie Curie is the only person to have won a Nobel Prize in two different sciences.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">She was also the first woman to win this prestigious award.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">She received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1903 for her research on radioactivity, a phenomenon discovered by Henri Becquerel, and the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1911 for the discovery of radium and polonium and for isolating pure radium.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/d35xcwcl37xo08.cloudfront.net\/upsc-exam-wp-uploads\/2025\/10\/image9.webp\" alt=\"Marie Curie\" title=\"Marie Curie\" class=\"my-image my-image-size-full my-image-align-none\" style=\"width: auto; height: auto;\" \/>\r\n<h3><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Linus Pauling<\/span><\/h3>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Linus Pauling was an American theoretical physical chemist.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">For his study of the chemical bond and its application to the structure of complex substances, Linus Pauling received the 1954 Nobel Prize in <\/span><b>Chemistry<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Pauling became the only winner of two unshared Nobel Prizes in 1962 after receiving the Nobel <\/span><b>Peace <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Prize for his activism against nuclear weapons.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/d35xcwcl37xo08.cloudfront.net\/upsc-exam-wp-uploads\/2025\/10\/image15.webp\" alt=\"Linus Pauling\" title=\"Linus Pauling\" class=\"my-image my-image-size-full my-image-align-none\" style=\"width: auto; height: auto;\" \/>\r\n<h3><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">John Bardeen<\/span><\/h3>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">John Bardeen was an American physicist who was co-winner of the Nobel Prize for Physics in both 1956 and 1972.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">He shared the 1956 prize with William B. Shockley and Walter H. Brattain for their joint invention of the transistor.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">With Leon N. Cooper and John R. Schrieffer, he was awarded the 1972 prize for the development of the theory of superconductivity.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/d35xcwcl37xo08.cloudfront.net\/upsc-exam-wp-uploads\/2025\/10\/image11.webp\" alt=\"John Bardeen\" title=\"John Bardeen\" class=\"my-image my-image-size-full my-image-align-none\" style=\"width: auto; height: auto;\" \/>\r\n<h3><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Martin Luther King Jr.\u00a0<\/span><\/h3>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Martin Luther King, Jr. was a minister and social activist who led the civil rights movement in the United States.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">He was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1964 for his leadership in the nonviolent struggle for civil rights in the United States.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The committee recognised his efforts to combat racial prejudice through nonviolent resistance, which helped dismantle segregation and advance the rights of African Americans.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/d35xcwcl37xo08.cloudfront.net\/upsc-exam-wp-uploads\/2025\/10\/image7.webp\" alt=\"Martin Luther King Jr.\" title=\"Martin Luther King Jr.\" class=\"my-image my-image-size-full my-image-align-none\" style=\"width: auto; height: auto;\" \/>\r\n<h3><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Dalai Lama<\/span><\/h3>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The Dalai Lama is the spiritual leader of Tibetan <\/span><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/buddhism\/\" target=\"_blank\">Buddhism<\/a><\/strong><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, considered to be a manifestation of the Bodhisattva of Compassion, Avalokiteshvara.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The 14th Dalai Lama (Tenzin Gyatso) received the Nobel Peace Prize in 1989 \"for promoting peaceful solutions based upon tolerance and mutual respect to preserve his people's historical and cultural heritage.\"<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/d35xcwcl37xo08.cloudfront.net\/upsc-exam-wp-uploads\/2025\/10\/image14.webp\" alt=\"14th Dalai Lama\" title=\"14th Dalai Lama\" class=\"my-image my-image-size-full my-image-align-none\" style=\"width: auto; height: auto;\" \/>\r\n<h3><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Nelson Mandela<\/span><\/h3>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Nelson Mandela was a South African anti-apartheid activist and politician who served as the first president of South Africa post-apartheid from 1994 to 1999.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Nelson Mandela and Frederik Willem de Klerk shared the Nobel Peace Prize in 1993 in recognition of \"their work for the peaceful termination of the apartheid regime and for laying the foundations for a new democratic South Africa.\"<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/d35xcwcl37xo08.cloudfront.net\/upsc-exam-wp-uploads\/2025\/10\/image8.webp\" alt=\"Nelson Mandela\" title=\"Nelson Mandela\" class=\"my-image my-image-size-full my-image-align-none\" style=\"width: auto; height: auto;\" \/>\r\n<h3><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Malala Yousafzai<\/span><\/h3>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Malala Yousafzai is a Pakistani activist who, while a teenager, spoke out publicly against the prohibition on the education of girls that was imposed by the Tehrik-e-Taliban Pakistan.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">She was awarded the 2014 Nobel Peace Prize for her fight for the right of every child to receive an education.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/d35xcwcl37xo08.cloudfront.net\/upsc-exam-wp-uploads\/2025\/10\/image5.webp\" alt=\"Malala Yousafzai\" title=\"Malala Yousafzai\" class=\"my-image my-image-size-full my-image-align-none\" style=\"width: auto; height: auto;\" \/>\r\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Nobel Prize 2025\u00a0<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The list of winners of the <\/span><b>Nobel Prize 2025<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> is as below<\/span><\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Nobel Prize in Physics 2025:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> John Clarke, Michel H. Devoret and John M. Martinis.<\/span>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Awarded \u201cfor their discovery of macroscopic quantum mechanical tunnelling and energy quantisation in an electric circuit\u201d.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2025: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Susumu Kitagawa, Richard Robson and Omar M. Yaghi.<\/span>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Awarded \u201cfor the development of metal-organic frameworks\u201d.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2025:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Mary E. Brunkow, Fred Ramsdell and Shimon Sakaguchi\u00a0<\/span>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Awarded \u201cfor their discoveries concerning peripheral immune tolerance\u201d.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Nobel Prize in Literature 2025:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> L\u00e1szl\u00f3 Krasznahorkai.<\/span>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Awarded \u201cfor his profound and visionary creations that, in the face of apocalyptic despair, reaffirm the lasting resilience of art.\u201d<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Nobel Peace Prize 2025: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Maria Corina Machado,\u00a0<\/span>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Awarded for her unwavering commitment to advancing democracy in Venezuela and her steadfast pursuit of a peaceful transition from dictatorship to democratic governance.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Joel Mokyr, Philippe Aghion and Peter Howitt.<\/span>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Awarded\u00a0 \u201cfor the theory of sustained growth through creative destruction\u201d.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Nobel Prize Awarded Women<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Between 1901 and 2025, women have received the Nobel Prize and the Economic Sciences Prize in Memory of Alfred Nobel 68 times.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 100%;height: 333px;border: 2px dashed #cccccc\" src=\"https:\/\/d35xcwcl37xo08.cloudfront.net\/upsc-exam-wp-uploads\/2025\/10\/image4.webp\" alt=\"Nobel Prize Awarded Women\" width=\"500\" height=\"683\" data-wp-shortcode=\"%5Bmy_image%20src%3D%22https%3A%2F%2Fvajiramandravi.com%2Fupsc-exam%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2025%2F10%2Fimage4.webp%22%20size%3D%22full%22%20align%3D%22none%22%20alt%3D%22%22%20title%3D%22image4%22%5D\" \/><\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Marie Curie was awarded twice, first with the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1903, and later in Chemistry in 1911.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Selma Lagerl\u00f6f<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> was named the first female Nobel laureate in literature in 1909.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Malala Yousafzai, <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">at just 17 years old when she received the Peace Prize in 2014, remains the youngest Nobel laureate to date.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Among the <\/span><b>2025 Nobel Prize Winners,<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> two are women laureates.\u00a0<\/span>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Mary E. Brunkow<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> and <\/span><b>Maria Corina Machado\u00a0<\/b><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/nobel-prize-2023\/\" target=\"_blank\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Nobel Prize 2023<\/span><\/a> <span style=\"font-weight: 400\">were awarded to eleven laureates, including four women:<\/span>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Narges Mohammadi (Peace),\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Katalin Karik\u00f3 (Physiology or Medicine),\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Anne L\u2019Huillier (Physics) and\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Claudia Goldin (Economic Sciences).<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Nobel Prize Winners of India<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Several Indian scholars and thinkers have made remarkable contributions to science, literature, and peace, earning global recognition through the prestigious Nobel Prizes.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The personalities include\u00a0<\/span>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Abhijit Banerjee,\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Kailash Satyarthi,\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Venkatraman Ramakrishnan,\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">V. S. Naipaul,\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Amartya Sen,\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/subrahmanyan-chandrasekhar\/\" target=\"_blank\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Subramanyan Chandrasekhar<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">,\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Mother Teresa,\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/har-gobind-khorana\/\" target=\"_blank\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Har Gobind Khorana<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">,\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/sir-cv-raman\/\" target=\"_blank\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Sir CV\u00a0 Raman<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> and\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/rabindranath-tagore\/\" target=\"_blank\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Rabindranath Tagore<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> (the first Indian to receive).<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Nobel Prize Significance\u00a0<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Alfred Nobel envisioned a world improved through education, science, and humanism, believing these forces could drive societal progress. To celebrate such contributions, he established a prize to honour discoveries that have brought the greatest benefit to humanity.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li><b>Most prestigious award: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The Nobel Prizes stand as the most esteemed honours in the realm of intellectual achievement, commanding a global prominence unmatched by any other award.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Promotion of peace and humanitarian efforts:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> The Nobel Peace Prize is highly significant, recognising individuals and organisations for their outstanding efforts in promoting peace, resolving conflicts, and advancing humanitarian causes.<\/span>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">It fosters global awareness of vital issues, encouraging united efforts toward justice and harmony while advancing social progress and human consciousness.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Impetus to research and development: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The Nobel Prize\u2019s prestige and monetary rewards greatly influence laureates and their fields, fostering further research, innovation, and knowledge growth while drawing attention and support to vital areas of study.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>International Collaboration and Networking:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> The Nobel Prize ceremonies unite laureates, experts, and leaders worldwide, fostering idea exchange, collaboration, and partnerships that often lead to new research and shared advancements.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Nobel Prize Criticism\u00a0<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Despite being considered the most prestigious awards, the Nobel Prizes have also been criticised for several reasons, as described below.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Criticism regarding Nobel Peace Prize: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The Nobel Peace Prize has faced criticism for perceived political bias and questionable interpretations of peace.\u00a0<\/span>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">For instance, Barack Obama\u2019s 2009 award was seen as premature, given his administration\u2019s military actions in Libya, Afghanistan, Pakistan, Iraq, and Yemen.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Similarly, Ethiopian Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed, honoured in 2019 for ending a long conflict with Eritrea, was later criticised for alleged war crimes during the Tigray conflict.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The 1973 award to Henry Kissinger and Le Duc Tho also drew severe backlash, prompting two Norwegian Nobel Committee members to resign in protest.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Political agenda:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> The Nobel Committees have faced accusations of political bias in selecting laureates and overlooking deserving candidates, with the Literature Prize often criticised for its Eurocentric focus.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Neglected accomplishments:<\/b> <a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/mahatma-gandhi\/\" target=\"_blank\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Mahatma Gandhi<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, a global symbol of nonviolence, was nominated for the Nobel Peace Prize five times between 1937 and 1948 but never received it. Although the prize was not awarded in 1948, as a tribute to his legacy.<\/span>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Although nominated for the Nobel Prize 48 times, <\/span><b>Lise Meitner<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, a key contributor to the discovery of nuclear fission, never received the award.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Many Nobel Laureates criticised the Committee when <\/span><b>E.C.G. Sudarshan<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, an Indian-American physicist, was not awarded the Nobel Prize for the Glauber-Sudarshan P-representation in 2005.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li><b>Western bias: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">There have also been complaints that the awards are biased towards the West because more than 80% of all winners since 1901 have come from the US, Canada, and Western Europe.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p><b><\/b><b>No posthumous recognition: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Unlike other prestigious awards, Nobel Prizes are not awarded after death. This criterion does not give proper attention to the works of intellectuals. Sometimes the actual impact of any work takes time.<\/span><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The Nobel Prize honours global excellence in science, literature, and peace, inspiring innovation, compassion, and humanity\u2019s advancement since 1901.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":19303,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[38],"tags":[164,40],"class_list":{"0":"post-2737","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-upsc-notes","8":"tag-nobel-prize","9":"tag-quest"},"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2737","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2737"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2737\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":22836,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2737\/revisions\/22836"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/19303"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2737"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2737"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2737"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}