{"id":2761,"date":"2026-09-01T14:00:18","date_gmt":"2026-09-01T08:30:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/?p=2761"},"modified":"2026-09-01T15:11:00","modified_gmt":"2026-09-01T09:41:00","slug":"viceroys-of-india","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/viceroys-of-india\/","title":{"rendered":"List of Viceroys of India (1858\u20131947), Events, Contributions"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>The <strong>Viceroys of India<\/strong>\u00a0were the representatives of the British Crown in India after the Government of India Act, 1858 ended the rule of the East India Company. The title \u201cViceroy\u201d reflected the Governor-General\u2019s additional role as the Crown\u2019s representative in dealing with princely states.<\/p>\r\n<p data-start=\"253\" data-end=\"550\">The office of Viceroy was created after the Government of India Act, 1858, when the British Crown took direct control of India from the East India Company. Lord Canning was the <strong>First Viceroy of India<\/strong>, while Lord Mountbatten was the <strong>Last Viceroy of India.<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<h2 id=\"viceroys-of-india-background\" class=\"font-semibold leading-tight text-pretty mb-2 mt-4 [[data-has-inline-images]_&amp;]:clear-end text-lg first:mt-0 md:text-lg [hr+&amp;]:mt-4\">Viceroys of India Background<\/h2>\r\n<p class=\"my-2 [&amp;+p]:mt-4 [&amp;_strong:has(+br)]:inline-block [&amp;_strong:has(+br)]:align-top animate-in fade-in-25 duration-700\">Before 1858, India was administered by the East India Company through the Governor-General of India. The <a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/revolt-of-1857\/\" target=\"_blank\">Revolt of 1857<\/a> exposed the limitations of Company rule and led the British Parliament to enact the <a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/government-of-india-act-1858\/\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>Government of India Act, 1858<\/strong><\/a>.<\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li>The Act abolished the East India Company\u2019s rule and transferred the administration of India directly to the British Crown.<\/li>\r\n\t<li>The Governor-General of India was thereafter also called the <strong>Viceroy of India<\/strong> because he acted as the Crown\u2019s representative in dealings with princely states.<\/li>\r\n\t<li>Lord Canning, who was already Governor-General, became the <strong data-start=\"1536\" data-end=\"1562\">First Viceroy of India<\/strong> in 1858.<\/li>\r\n\t<li>The terms <strong>Governor-General and Viceroy<\/strong> were used together after 1858. The Governor-General administered British India, while the Viceroy represented the British monarch in relation to princely states.<\/li>\r\n\t<li>\r\n<p class=\"my-2 [&amp;+p]:mt-4 [&amp;_strong:has(+br)]:inline-block [&amp;_strong:has(+br)]:align-top\">The office of Viceroy ended on 15 August 1947, when India became independent. Lord Mountbatten continued for a short period as the first Governor-General of independent India, but he was no longer the Viceroy.<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h2 style=\"text-align: left\">Viceroys of India From 1858 to 1947<\/h2>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">There were <strong>20 Viceroys of India from 1858 to 1947<\/strong>. Their rule covered almost nine decades of British Crown administration. The first Viceroy of India, Lord Canning, governed during the transition from Company rule to Crown rule. The last Viceroy of India, Lord Mountbatten, supervised the transfer of power and the Partition of British India.<\/p>\r\n<h2>List of Viceroys of India and Their Contribution<\/h2>\r\n<p>The viceroys of India were appointed by the British monarchy as representatives to govern British India, following the title's introduction in 1858 after the <strong>Revolt of 1857,\u00a0<\/strong>which led to the end of the rule of the East India Company and the beginning of direct British rule over India. The following is a list of <strong>Viceroys of India and their contributions.<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<figure>\r\n<table>\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td class=\"tb-color\"><strong>Name of the Viceroy<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td class=\"tb-color\"><strong>Notable Work and Events\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td><strong>Lord Canning (1858 - 1862)<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td>\r\n<p>-The introduction of the\u00a0Indian Penal Code in 1860, replacing English Criminal Law, and the\u00a0Civil Procedure Code of 1859\u00a0and\u00a0Criminal Procedure Code of 1861, which regulated court procedures in civil and criminal matters.<\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li>First Viceroy of India<\/li>\r\n\t<li>The<strong>\u00a0Indian High Courts Act of 1861<\/strong>\u00a0abolished the existing Supreme Court and established High Courts.<\/li>\r\n\t<li>The<strong>\u00a0withdrawal of the\u00a0<\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/doctrine-of-lapse\/\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>Doctrine of Lapse<\/strong><\/a>.<\/li>\r\n\t<li>The Indian Police Act of 1861\u00a0recommended guidelines for the police set up in the provinces.<\/li>\r\n\t<li>The establishment of the\u00a0<strong>Universities of Bombay, Calcutta, and Madras<\/strong>\u00a0in 1857, as recommended by\u00a0<strong>Wood's Dispatch.<\/strong><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td><strong>Lord Elgin-I (1862 - 1863)<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td>-Experienced the <a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/wahabi-movement\/\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>Wahabi Movement<\/strong><\/a>, which involved the suppression of the fanatic Muslim tribe known as the Wahabis.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td><strong>Lord Lawrence (1864 - 1869)<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td>\r\n<p><strong>-<\/strong>Established the Indian Forest Department and introduced a telegraph line connecting India with Europe.<\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li>Known for the policy of\u00a0\"<strong>masterly inactivity\",<\/strong>\u00a0which emphasised a cautious and\u00a0non-interventionist\u00a0approach.<\/li>\r\n\t<li>Engaged in a\u00a0war with Bhutan\u00a0(1864-65)<\/li>\r\n\t<li>Enacted the\u00a0Punjab and Oudh Tenancy Acts.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td><strong>Lord Mayo (1869 - 1872)<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td>\r\n<p><strong>- <\/strong>He was the sole Viceroy to be assassinated while in office.<\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li>The\u00a0<strong>first-ever census <\/strong>in Indian history was conducted in 1871.<\/li>\r\n\t<li>The\u00a0<strong>Statistical Survey of India<\/strong> was established, and financial decentralisation was initiated in India.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td><strong>Lord Northbrook (1872 - 1876)<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td>-The removal of the Gaikwad of Baroda in 1875, the Prince of Wales's visit, the\u00a0<strong>Bihar Famine<\/strong>, and the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/kuka-movement\/\" target=\"_blank\"><strong><u>Kuka Movement<\/u><\/strong><\/a>\u00a0in Punjab were notable occurrences during his reign.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td><strong>Lord Lytton (1876 - 1880)<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td>\r\n<p>-He gained notoriety as the most\u00a0infamous viceroy\u00a0in India.<\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li>The<strong> Delhi Durbar<\/strong>\u00a0was organised in 1877 to commemorate\u00a0Queen Victoria's\u00a0assumption of the title<strong> \"Kaiser-i-Hind\".<\/strong><\/li>\r\n\t<li>In response to the\u00a0<strong>Great Famine of 1876-78<\/strong>, General Richard Strachey led the\u00a0<strong>Famine Commission in 1878<\/strong>.<\/li>\r\n\t<li>The<strong> Arms Act of 1878\u00a0<\/strong>made it mandatory for Indians to obtain a license to possess arms.<\/li>\r\n\t<li>In 1879, the enactment of the\u00a0<strong>Statutory Civil Service\u00a0<\/strong>brought about a significant change, stating that\u00a01\/6 of covenanted posts\u00a0would now be occupied by Indians from high-status families. Additionally, the maximum age for Indian candidates was\u00a0lowered from 21 to 19 years.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td><strong>Lord Ripon (1880 - 1884)<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td>\r\n<p>- Known as the most liberal Lord, he sympathised with Indians and earned the title of <strong>\"Father of <a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/local-self-government-in-india\/\" target=\"_blank\">Local Self-Government in India<\/a>\".<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li>He repealed all controversial Acts, including the <strong>Vernacular Press Act of 1882.<\/strong><\/li>\r\n\t<li>The introduction of the\u00a0<strong>First Factory Act in 1881<\/strong>\u00a0aimed to ban\u00a0child labour.<\/li>\r\n\t<li>To address the recurrence of famines in India, a\u00a0Famine Code\u00a0was implemented.<\/li>\r\n\t<li>The resolution for\u00a0Local Self-Government in India in 1882\u00a0aimed to continue\u00a0financial decentralisation\u00a0in order to improve administration.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p>-The Provincial Government divided revenue sources into three groups:\u00a0Centre, Provincial, and those to be shared between the Centre and the Provinces.<\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li>The<strong><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/hunter-commission\/\" target=\"_blank\"> Hunter Commission<\/a> on Education (1882)\u00a0<\/strong>was constituted to review the progress of education in India since the\u00a0<strong><u>Wood's Dispatch of 1854<\/u><\/strong>.<\/li>\r\n\t<li>The age requirement for the Civil Service exam was raised back to 21 years from 19.<\/li>\r\n\t<li>The<strong><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/ilbert-bill-controversy\/\" target=\"_blank\">Ilbert Bill controversy<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0(1883), which aimed to authorise Indian judges to hear cases involving Europeans, resulted in a revolt by the Europeans, leading to the withdrawal of the bill.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td><strong>Lord Dufferin (1884 - 1888)<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td>\r\n<p>-Witnessed the establishment of the\u00a0<strong><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/foundation-of-indian-national-congress\/\" target=\"_blank\">Indian National Congress<\/a>\u00a0<\/strong><strong>in 1885.\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li>The\u00a0<strong>annexation of Burma (1886)\u00a0<\/strong>took place during the Third Burmese War, resulting in the exile of the Burmese ruler to India.<\/li>\r\n\t<li>The Panjdeh Incident occurred in 1885, when Russian forces seized Afghan territory south of the Amu Darya.\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li>This event led to a diplomatic crisis between Russia and the United Kingdom.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td><strong>Lord Lansdowne (1888 - 1894)<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td>\r\n<p><strong>-<\/strong>The<a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/indian-councils-act-of-1892\/\" target=\"_blank\"><strong> Indian Council Act of 1892<\/strong><\/a>\u00a0brought an increase in the number of<strong>\u00a0Indian representatives <\/strong>in the government, allowing them to discuss the budget but without the right to vote on it.<\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li>The\u00a0<strong>Second Factory Act of 1891\u00a0<\/strong>was introduced to establish\u00a0regulations on working hours\u00a0for female workers.<\/li>\r\n\t<li>The\u00a0<strong>Durand Commission<\/strong>\u00a0was established in 1893 with the purpose of defining a borderline between\u00a0India and Afghanistan.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td><strong>Lord Elgin-II (1894 - 1899)<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li>The devastating\u00a0<strong>Great Famine of 1896-1897\u00a0<\/strong>had a widespread impact across India, resulting in significant loss of life and property.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td><strong>Lord Curzon (1899 - 1905)<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td>\r\n<p>-The Bengal Province was divided into two parts, Bengal and East Bengal, in 1905.<\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li>Various institutions were established under his leadership, including\u00a0the<u><\/u><strong><u><u><strong> Archaeological<\/strong><\/u>\u00a0Survey of India<\/u><\/strong>, the\u00a0Department of Commerce\u00a0and\u00a0Industry\u00a0and\u00a0Agricultural banks.<\/li>\r\n\t<li>The<strong> Cooperative Credit Societies Act of 1904<\/strong>\u00a0was passed under his administration.<\/li>\r\n\t<li>To improve the police administration, the\u00a0<strong>Police Commission <\/strong>was appointed in 1902, which was led by Sir Andrew Frazer, and recommended the establishment of the\u00a0<strong>Criminal Investigation Department (CID).<\/strong><\/li>\r\n\t<li>Establishment of the\u00a0<strong>Agriculture Research Institute at Pusa<\/strong>.<\/li>\r\n\t<li>The appointment of the\u00a0<strong>Raleigh Commission in 1902\u00a0<\/strong>aimed to suggest improvements to universities, and the\u00a0<strong>Indian Universities Act<\/strong>\u00a0was passed in 1904 based on its recommendations.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td><strong>Lord Minto-II (1905 - 1910)<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td>\r\n<p>-His reign is marked as the<strong>\u00a0\"Era of Great Political Unrest\"\u00a0<\/strong>in India.<\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li>The Morley-Minto Reforms of 1909, known for its<strong>\u00a0'Divide &amp; Rule Policy'<\/strong>, introduced\u00a0<strong>Separate Electorates for Muslims.<\/strong><\/li>\r\n\t<li><strong>The Anti-Partition and <a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/swadeshi-movement\/\" target=\"_blank\">Swadeshi Movement<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0aimed to prevent the\u00a0unjust partition\u00a0of Bengal through the\u00a0boycott of foreign goods.<\/li>\r\n\t<li>The foundation of the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/muslim-league\/\" target=\"_blank\"><strong><u>Muslim League<\/u><\/strong><\/a><strong>\u00a0in 1906.<\/strong><\/li>\r\n\t<li>The split in Congress occurred during the\u00a0<strong>Surat Session in 1907.<\/strong><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td><strong>Lord Hardinge-II (1910 - 1916)<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td>\r\n<p>-The annulment of the<strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/partition-of-bengal-1905\/\" target=\"_blank\">Partition of Bengal<\/a> in 1911<\/strong>\u00a0was done to suppress revolutionary activities.<\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li>Delhi became the new capital in 1912.<\/li>\r\n\t<li>The\u00a0<strong>3rd Delhi Durba<\/strong>r was held in 1911 to celebrate the coronation of King George V.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td><strong>Lord Chelmsford (1916 - 1921)<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td>\r\n<p><strong>- <\/strong>The<strong><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/government-of-india-act-1919\/\" target=\"_blank\"> Government of India Act 1919<\/a>,<\/strong>\u00a0also known as the\u00a0<strong>Montagu-Chelmsford Reforms,\u00a0<\/strong>introduced constitutional reforms and the concept of \"Diarchy\",\u00a0or dual administration, in India.<\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li><strong>The\u00a0<\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/rowlatt-act-1919\/\" target=\"_blank\"><strong><u>Rowlatt Act 1919<\/u><\/strong><\/a><strong>,<\/strong>\u00a0referred to as the \"<strong>Black Act\",<\/strong>\u00a0allowed for imprisonment without trial.<\/li>\r\n\t<li>S.P. Sinha\u00a0became the first Indian to be appointed as the Governor of Bihar.<\/li>\r\n\t<li>The Women's University was founded in Pune in 1916.<\/li>\r\n\t<li>The<strong> Saddler's Commission (1917)\u00a0<\/strong>was formed to propose reforms in\u00a0educational policy.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td><strong>Lord Reading (1921 - 1926)<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td>\r\n<p>-The<strong>\u00a0Rowlatt Act<\/strong>\u00a0was repealed.<\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li>The Prince of Wales\u00a0visited India in 1921.<\/li>\r\n\t<li>The<a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/moplah-rebellion\/\" target=\"_blank\"><strong> Moplah Rebellion<\/strong><\/a>, a communal riot by Muslim peasants, broke out in Kerala.<\/li>\r\n\t<li>The decision to hold simultaneous examinations for the Indian Civil Service (ICS) in both Delhi and London was made, starting in 1923.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td><strong>Lord Irwin (1926 - 1931)<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td>\r\n<p>- The<strong><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/gandhi-irwin-pact\/\" target=\"_blank\"> Gandhi-Irwin Pact<\/a>, <\/strong>a compromise between Gandhi and Lord Irwin, was concluded.<\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li>In\u00a01928, the boycott of the<strong><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/simon-commission\/\" target=\"_blank\"> Simon Commission<\/a> <\/strong>was organised.<\/li>\r\n\t<li>In response to the inadequacy of the Simon Report, <strong>Three <a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/round-table-conferences\/\" target=\"_blank\">Round Table Conferences <\/a><\/strong>in London were convened to discuss the future of India.<\/li>\r\n\t<li>The First Round Table Conference in 1930 concluded without substantial results and was deemed unsuccessful.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td><strong>Lord Willingdon (1931 - 1936)<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td>\r\n<p>- Introduction of the<strong><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/government-of-india-act-1935\/\" target=\"_blank\"> Government of India Act, 1935<\/a>.<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li>The Second Round Table Conference, held in 1931,\u00a0saw the participation of Gandhi as a representative of the Congress.<\/li>\r\n\t<li>British Prime Minister Ramsay MacDonald introduced the\u00a0<strong>Communal Award<\/strong>\u00a0in 1932.\u00a0The<strong><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/poona-pact\/\" target=\"_blank\"> Poona Pact<\/a> of 1932<\/strong>\u00a0was reached between Gandhi and Ambedkar to address provisions related to fair representation of backward classes.<\/li>\r\n\t<li>The Third Round Table Conference, held in 1932, failed as neither Gandhi nor Congress attended.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td><strong>Lord Linlithgow (1936 - 1944)<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td>\r\n<p>- Viceroy of India with the longest reign.<\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li>The Government of India Act was implemented in provinces participating in the 1937 elections.<\/li>\r\n\t<li>Congress formed the government at the federation level during the General Elections of 1936-37.<\/li>\r\n\t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/subhash-chandra-bose\/\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>Subhash Chandra Bose<\/strong><\/a>\u00a0formed the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/forward-bloc\/\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>Forward Bloc <\/strong><\/a>in 1939.<\/li>\r\n\t<li>The<strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/august-offer\/\" target=\"_blank\">August Offer<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0in 1940 proposed<strong>\u00a0Dominion status<\/strong>\u00a0for India in exchange for Indian support in World War II.<\/li>\r\n\t<li>The<strong><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/cripps-mission\/\" target=\"_blank\">Cripps Mission<\/a><\/strong>arrived in India in 1942\u00a0with a constitutional proposal.<\/li>\r\n\t<li>The<strong><u>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/quit-india-movement\/\" target=\"_blank\">Quit India Movement <\/a><\/u><\/strong>was launched in 1942\u00a0after the failure of the Cripps Mission.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td><strong>Lord Wavell (1944 - 1947)<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td>\r\n<p>\u00a0- The<strong> \"Wavell Plan<\/strong>\" aimed to achieve a balanced representation of all Indians and resolve the constitutional deadlock in India caused by the Muslim League's demand for partition.\u00a0<\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li>The <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/c-r-formula\/\" target=\"_blank\">C.R. Formula<\/a> (1944)<\/strong>, devised by C. Rajagopalachari,\u00a0aimed to address the political impasse between the Muslim League and Congress concerning the independence of British India by fostering cooperation.<\/li>\r\n\t<li>The<strong><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/cabinet-mission\/\" target=\"_blank\"> Cabinet Mission<\/a> of 1946\u00a0<\/strong>was established to facilitate the peaceful transfer of power to India.<\/li>\r\n\t<li>On August 16, 1946, the Muslim League observed <strong>\"Direct Action Day\"\u00a0<\/strong>to protest against the rejection of their demands for a separate Muslim state.<\/li>\r\n\t<li>Clement Attlee, the Prime Minister of England, made the <strong>\"Attlee's Declaration<\/strong>\", announcing the end of British rule in India by June 1948.<\/li>\r\n\t<li>The<strong> Sergeant Plan of Education in 1944\u00a0<\/strong>proposed a comprehensive scheme to achieve universal literacy in India, inspired by educational standards prevalent in England.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td><strong>Lord Mountbatten (1947 - 1948)<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td>\r\n<p>-Lord Mountbatten served as the last Viceroy of British India and later became the<strong>\u00a0first Governor General of independent India.<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li>The<strong><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/indian-independence-act-1947\/\" target=\"_blank\"> Indian Independence Act of 1947<\/a>,<\/strong>\u00a0passed by the British Parliament, ratified the plan for dividing\u00a0<strong>India<\/strong> into two separate states, India and Pakistan, with Lord Mountbatten and Jinnah serving as their respective Governors-General.<\/li>\r\n\t<li>The<strong><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/mountbatten-plan\/\" target=\"_blank\"> Mountbatten Plan<\/a>,<\/strong>\u00a0proposed on June 3, 1947, outlined the partition of India.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<\/figure>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Viceroys of India from 1858 to 1947 served as the direct representatives of the British Crown. Check about list of Viceroys of India, their contributions, events.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":18044,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[38,20],"tags":[156,40,1067],"class_list":["post-2761","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-upsc-notes","category-upsc-modern-history-notes","tag-list-of-viceroys-of-india","tag-quest","tag-upsc-modern-history-notes"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2761","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2761"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2761\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":29036,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2761\/revisions\/29036"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/18044"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2761"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2761"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2761"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}