{"id":27859,"date":"2026-08-21T17:28:19","date_gmt":"2026-08-21T11:58:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/?p=27859"},"modified":"2026-08-21T17:28:19","modified_gmt":"2026-08-21T11:58:19","slug":"international-labour-organization-ilo","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/international-labour-organization-ilo\/","title":{"rendered":"International Labour Organization (ILO), Headquarters, Objectives"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The International Labour Organization (ILO) is a specialised agency of the United Nations dedicated to advancing social justice and promoting decent work. Established in 1919 in the aftermath of the First World War, the ILO was founded on the principle that lasting peace cannot be achieved without social justice. It is unique among UN agencies because of its tripartite structure, which brings governments, employers and workers together in its decision-making processes.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">As of 2026, the ILO has 187 Member States. Its major activities include developing international labour standards, promoting employment, protecting labour rights, strengthening social protection, improving occupational safety and health, supporting social dialogue and producing research and statistics on the world of work.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">International Labour Organization (ILO) History\u00a0<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The history of the International Labour Organization (ILO) is closely connected with the international effort to establish lasting peace through better working and living conditions.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>International Labour Organization Established: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The ILO was established in 1919 as part of the<\/span><b> Treaty of Versailles,<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> which brought\u00a0 <\/span><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/world-war-1\/\" target=\"_blank\">World War 1<\/a><\/strong><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> to an end. Its founders believed that lasting peace could not be achieved without social justice and improvements in labour conditions.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>First International Labour Conference: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The first International Labour Conference was held in Washington, D.C., in 1919. It adopted the <\/span><b>first international labour standards<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> dealing with subjects such as working hours, unemployment, maternity protection, night work and minimum age.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>War and Shifting Headquarters: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">In 1920, the organisation shifted its headquarters to Geneva, Switzerland, and Albert Thomas became its first Director.<\/span>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">During the Second World War, the ILO temporarily moved its headquarters to <\/span><b>Montreal, Canada<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, in 1940<\/span><b>.<\/b><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Philadelphia Declaration: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">A major milestone came in 1944, when the International Labour Conference adopted the <\/span><b>Declaration of Philadelphia.<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> It reaffirmed the ILO's objectives and emphasised principles such as social justice, freedom and equality.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>UN Agency: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">In 1946, the ILO became the first specialized agency associated with the <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/the-united-nations-un\/\" target=\"_blank\"><b>United Nations<\/b><\/a><b>.<\/b><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Nobel Peace Prize: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">In 1969, the ILO received the <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/nobel-peace-prize-2025\/\" target=\"_blank\"><b>Nobel Peace Prize <\/b><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">for its contribution to peace and social justice.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">International Labour Organization Headquarters<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The <\/span><b>headquarters of the International Labour Organization (ILO)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u00a0is located in Geneva, Switzerland.\u00a0 The International Labour Conference and meetings of the Governing Body are also primarily conducted in Geneva.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">International Labour Organization Members<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The International Labour Organization (ILO) has one of the broadest memberships among international organisations dealing with labour and employment. The organisation currently has 187 Member States, representing countries from different regions and levels of economic development.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Membership Benefits:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Membership enables countries to participate in international labour standard-setting, policy discussions and the wider work of the organization.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>India and ILO Membership:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> India has had a relationship with the ILO since its foundation. India became a member of the ILO on 28 June 1919. This makes India one of the ILO's longstanding members.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">International Labour Organization (ILO) Objectives<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The role of the International Labour Organization (ILO)<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u00a0is reflected in its objectives of promoting social justice and decent work for all while protecting labour rights, expanding employment opportunities and ensuring social protection.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Promotion of Decent Work:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> The ILO seeks to ensure that people have access to productive employment that provides fair income, workplace rights, social protection and opportunities for development.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Protection of Labour Rights:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> The organisation works to protect fundamental rights such as freedom from forced labour, elimination of child labour, freedom of association and protection against discrimination.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Development of Labour Standards:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> The ILO develops international labour standards through Conventions, Protocols and Recommendations.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Employment Promotion:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> The organisation supports policies aimed at generating productive and decent employment opportunities.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Social Protection:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> The ILO promotes social security and systems that provide income protection against various social and economic risks.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Occupational Safety and Health:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> It promotes safe and healthy working environments and measures to prevent workplace accidents and diseases.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Social Dialogue:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> The ILO promotes dialogue between governments, employers and workers for resolving labour-related issues.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">International Labour Organization (ILO) Functions<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The functions of the International Labour Organization (ILO) extend beyond setting labour standards, encompassing policy guidance, technical assistance, research, supervision and social dialogue to promote decent work and strengthen labour governance globally.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>International Labour Standard-Setting:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> The ILO develops international standards relating to employment and working conditions.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Policy Development:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> It assists countries in developing labour, employment and social protection policies.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Technical Cooperation:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> The organisation provides technical assistance, training and capacity-building support to Member States.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Research and Publications:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> The ILO conducts research and publishes reports, labour statistics and analytical studies on the global world of work.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Supervision of Labour Standards:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> It monitors the implementation of ratified international labour standards through its supervisory mechanisms.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Promotion of Social Dialogue: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The ILO brings governments, employers and workers together to facilitate cooperation and dialogue.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">International Labour Organization (ILO) Structure<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The institutional structure of the ILO is based on tripartism, which means that governments, employers and workers participate in its decision-making process. The three principal organs of the ILO are the following:<\/span><\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>International Labour Conference:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> The International Labour Conference is the highest decision-making body of the ILO and provides a global forum for discussing labour and social issues.<\/span>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">It is often referred to as an International Parliament of Labour. It meets annually and includes representatives of governments, employers and workers.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Governing Body of the ILO: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The Governing Body acts as the executive body of the ILO and is responsible for directing the organisation's work between sessions of the International Labour Conference. It meets three times a year.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>International Labour Office:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> The International Labour Office is the permanent secretariat of the ILO and handles the organisation's day-to-day administrative and technical activities.<\/span>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">It supports the International Labour Conference and Governing Body and implements the programmes and activities of the organization under the leadership of the Director-General.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">International Labour Organization (ILO) Conventions<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The International Labour Organization (ILO) Conventions are legally binding international treaties that establish global minimum standards for labour rights, working conditions, and social security. Member countries can choose to ratify them, which legally binds them to implement the regulations in national law.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<h3><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Important ILO Conventions<\/span><\/h3>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Certain ILO Conventions are particularly important because they address fundamental labour rights and major employment issues.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<table style=\"width: 91.592%\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td class=\"tb-color\" style=\"width: 29.1149%\"><b>Convention<\/b><\/td>\r\n<td class=\"tb-color\" style=\"width: 50.7469%\"><b>Subject<\/b><\/td>\r\n<td class=\"tb-color\" style=\"width: 52.3806%\"><b>Year<\/b><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 29.1149%\">\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Convention No. 1<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50.7469%\">\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Hours of Work<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 52.3806%\">\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">1919<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 29.1149%\">\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Convention No. 29<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50.7469%\">\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Forced Labour<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 52.3806%\">\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">1930<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 29.1149%\">\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Convention No. 87<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50.7469%\">\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Freedom of Association<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 52.3806%\">\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">1948<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 29.1149%\">\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Convention No. 98<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50.7469%\">\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Right to Organise and Collective Bargaining<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 52.3806%\">\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">1949<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 29.1149%\">\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Convention No. 100<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50.7469%\">\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Equal Remuneration<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 52.3806%\">\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">1951<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 29.1149%\">\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Convention No. 105<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50.7469%\">\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Abolition of Forced Labour<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 52.3806%\">\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">1957<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 29.1149%\">\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Convention No. 111<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50.7469%\">\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Discrimination in Employment and Occupation<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 52.3806%\">\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">1958<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 29.1149%\">\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Convention No. 122<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50.7469%\">\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Employment Policy<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 52.3806%\">\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">1964<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 29.1149%\">\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Convention No. 138<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50.7469%\">\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Minimum Age<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 52.3806%\">\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">1973<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 29.1149%\">\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Convention No. 144<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50.7469%\">\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Tripartite Consultation<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 52.3806%\">\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">1976<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 29.1149%\">\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Convention No. 155<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50.7469%\">\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Occupational Safety and Health<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 52.3806%\">\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">1981<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 29.1149%\">\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Convention No. 182<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50.7469%\">\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Worst Forms of Child Labour<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 52.3806%\">\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">1999<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 29.1149%\">\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Convention No. 187<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50.7469%\">\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Promotional Framework for Occupational Safety and Health<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 52.3806%\">\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">2006<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<h3><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">ILO\u00a0 Declaration on Fundamental Principles and Rights at Work<\/span><\/h3>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The ILO Declaration on Fundamental Principles and Rights at Work provides a framework for protecting essential rights in the workplace and guides Member States in promoting decent work, irrespective of their level of economic development. Core Principles of the ILO Declaration are the following:<\/span><\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Freedom of Association and Right to Collective Bargaining<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">: Workers and employers should be able to form and join organisations of their choice and engage in collective bargaining.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Elimination of Forced Labour<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">: It calls for the prevention and elimination of all forms of forced or compulsory labour.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Abolition of Child Labour<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">: The Declaration supports effective measures to eliminate child labour, particularly its worst forms.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Elimination of Discrimination<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">: It promotes equality of opportunity and treatment in employment and occupation, regardless of discriminatory grounds.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Safe and Healthy Working Environment:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> A safe and healthy workplace is recognized as a fundamental principle and right at work<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">International Labour Organization (ILO) Reports<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The ILO is also an important global source of labour-market research, statistics and policy analysis. Its major publications and flagship reports cover employment, wages, social protection, labour rights and emerging trends in the world of work.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>World Employment and Social Outlook:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> The World Employment and Social Outlook series examines global employment trends, unemployment, working poverty, job quality, informal employment, productivity and inequality.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Employment and Social Trends: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The ILO's Employment and Social Trends publications provide an assessment of the current global labour-market situation and emerging challenges.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Global Wage Report:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> The Global Wage Report examines wage developments, real wage growth and wage inequality across economies.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>World Social Protection Report:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> This report analyses the coverage, adequacy and development of social protection systems worldwide.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>State Of Social Justice Report<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">: It highlights that justice must be actively sought through political will, institutional reform, and inclusive governance; policy decisions determine whether changes result in opportunity or exclusion.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">International Labour Organization (ILO) and India<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">India has maintained a long-standing relationship with the ILO since its establishment and became a member on 28 June 1919.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">India's engagement with the organisation covers labour standards, employment policy, social protection, child labour, occupational safety and health, labour inspection and tripartite consultation.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">India also has a <\/span><b>permanent government seat on the ILO <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Governing Body as one of the countries of chief industrial importance.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">India has ratified a significant number of ILO labour standards, although it has not ratified all of the organisation's fundamental Conventions.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">According to the current ILO NORMLEX record, India has ratified 47 Conventions and 1 Protocol, of which 37 Conventions are currently in force.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h3><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">ILO Fundamental Conventions Ratified by India<\/span><\/h3>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">India has ratified 6 of the 10 fundamental ILO Conventions under the current framework.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">These are:<\/span><\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Convention No. 29 \u2013 Forced Labour Convention, 1930<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Convention No. 100 \u2013 Equal Remuneration Convention, 1951<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Convention No. 105 \u2013 Abolition of Forced Labour Convention, 1957<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Convention No. 111 \u2013 Discrimination (Employment and Occupation) Convention, 1958<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Convention No. 138 \u2013 Minimum Age Convention, 1973<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Convention No. 182 \u2013 Worst Forms of Child Labour Convention, 1999.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">India ratified Conventions No. 138 and No. 182 on 13 June 2017.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h3><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">ILO Fundamental Conventions Not Ratified by India<\/span><\/h3>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">India's position on ratification has generally emphasised the need to ensure that domestic laws and regulations are compatible with the provisions of an ILO Convention before ratification. India has not ratified following four of the ten fundamental Conventions.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Convention No. 87 \u2013 Freedom of Association and Protection of the Right to Organise<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Convention No. 98 \u2013 Right to Organise and Collective Bargaining<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Convention No. 155 \u2013 Occupational Safety and Health<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Convention No. 187 \u2013 Promotional Framework for Occupational Safety and Health<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">International Labour Organization (ILO) UPSC PYQs<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<p><b>Q1. <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">International Labour Organization\u2019s Conventions 138 and 182 are related to <\/span><b>(UPSC Prelims 2018)<\/b><\/p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">a) Child labour<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">b) Adaptation of agricultural practices to global climate change<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">c) Regulation of food prices and food security<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">d) Gender parity at the workplace.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><b>Ans: (a) <\/b><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The International Labour Organization (ILO) is a UN specialised agency dedicated to advancing social justice and promoting decent work. Read more about the International Labour Organization (ILO), its headquarters, members, objectives, functions and reports.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":22,"featured_media":27895,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[38,29],"tags":[1881,1880,40,639],"class_list":["post-27859","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-upsc-notes","category-upsc-international-relations-and-institutions-notes","tag-ilo","tag-international-labour-organization","tag-quest","tag-upsc-international-relations-and-institutions-notes"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/27859","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/22"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=27859"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/27859\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":27905,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/27859\/revisions\/27905"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/27895"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=27859"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=27859"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=27859"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}