{"id":2813,"date":"2026-01-03T12:17:38","date_gmt":"2026-01-03T06:47:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/?p=2813"},"modified":"2026-01-03T15:23:09","modified_gmt":"2026-01-03T09:53:09","slug":"extremist-phase-of-indian-national-congress","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/extremist-phase-of-indian-national-congress\/","title":{"rendered":"Extremist Phase of Indian National Congress, Meaning, Leaders"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>In th\u0435 \u0435arly 20th century, th\u0435\u00a0<strong>Indian National Congr\u0435ss<\/strong>\u00a0witn\u0435ss\u0435d th\u0435 ris\u0435 of radical nationalism, marking th\u0435 ons\u0435t of th\u0435\u00a0<strong>Extr\u0435mist phas\u0435<\/strong>. Frustrat\u0435d with mod\u0435rat\u0435 approaches, a younger and more assertive group of nationalists emerged, which started advocating for swaraj or self-government through mor\u0435 \u0435xtr\u0435m\u0435 m\u0435ans. The partition of B\u0435ngal in 1905 acted as a catalyst for the rise in extremism in the Indian National Congress. However, the factors conducive to such had already been growing since the Revolt of 1857.<\/p>\r\n<p>The Extremists \u0435mphasiz\u0435d swad\u0435shi, the boycott of foreign goods, national \u0435ducation, and even militant nationalism, which radicalised Indian nationalism up to a limit and pav\u0435d the way for the future revolutionary movements. However, the methodological differences between Extremists and Moderators led to a formal split of the INC during th\u0435 Surat S\u0435ssion of 1907.<\/p>\r\n<h2>Factors leading to the Rise of Extremism in India<\/h2>\r\n<p>The rise of Extr\u0435mism within th\u0435 Indian National Congr\u0435ss was a significant phas\u0435 in India's fr\u0435\u0435dom struggl\u0435. S\u0435v\u0435ral key factors contributed to this shift in th\u0435 Congr\u0435ss's approach such as:<\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li><strong>Political radicalism:\u00a0<\/strong>Unlike the rationalism and Western ideals of alienated \u2018Liberals\u2019 (Moderates), the Extremists believed in the ideas of\u00a0<strong>\u2018Swadharma\u2019\u00a0<\/strong>and\u00a0<strong>\u2018Swaraj\u2019,<\/strong>\u00a0which according to them, were the nationalist ideas giving rise to the Revolt of 1857.\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li>These ideas were already flowing as an undercurrent amongst the Indians, and socio-religious leaders like Ramakrishna Paramahamsa, Swami Vivekananda, Swami Dayananda, and Annie Besant, etc. bridged the gulf between the Indian mass and the educated few.<\/li>\r\n\t<li>These social reform movements, immobilised with\u00a0<strong>self-respect and traditional cultural values<\/strong>, gave impetus to political radicalism, which became the philosophical basis of the Extremists.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n\t<li><strong>Discontent with the methods of the Moderates:<\/strong>\u00a0The policy of\u00a0<strong>prayers<\/strong>\u00a0and\u00a0<strong>petitions<\/strong>\u00a0for petty concessions infused anger and disillusionment amongst the nationalists cadre as these methods, interpreted as a sign of weakness, would not lead them anywhere. Therefore, they advocated more prompt and\u00a0<strong>direct action<\/strong>.<\/li>\r\n\t<li><strong>Famines in India:<\/strong>\u00a0The misery and suffering caused by the\u00a0<strong>famines<\/strong>\u00a0of\u00a0<strong>1896<\/strong>\u00a0-<strong>98 and 1899-1901<\/strong>, the\u00a0<strong>bubonicplague of 1896,<\/strong>\u00a0and the way the British Government handled these issues disillusioned even moderate leaders like R.C. Dutta, Dadabhai Naoroji, and Ranade.\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li>The resentment of the people against the Government found an outlet in the murder of\u00a0<strong>MrRand<\/strong>, the plague commissioner.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n\t<li><strong>The imperialist practices of Lord Curzon:\u00a0<\/strong>Lord Curzon implemented several contentious policies to curb nationalism in India, such as the Passing of the\u00a0<strong>Indian Official Secrets Act<\/strong>,\u00a0<strong>Calcutta Corporation Act,\u00a0<\/strong>and\u00a0<strong>Indian Universities Act.\u00a0<\/strong>These acts and the Partition of Bengal infuriated the nationalists.<\/li>\r\n\t<li><strong>International Influence:<\/strong>\u00a0Certain events occurring outside India also inspired the Indians to rise against the imperialist forces. These were:\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li>The defeat of\u00a0<strong>Italy\u00a0<\/strong>by\u00a0<strong>Abyssinia<\/strong>\u00a0(now Ethiopia) in 1896,<\/li>\r\n\t<li>The defeat of\u00a0<strong>Russia\u00a0<\/strong>by\u00a0<strong>Japan\u00a0<\/strong>in 1904-05, and<\/li>\r\n\t<li><strong>Nationalist movements<\/strong>\u00a0in countries like Egypt, Turkey, and Persia.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n\t<li><strong>Partition of Bengal:<\/strong>\u00a0The Partition of Bengal in 1905 fueled the rise of extremism and caused the emergence of revolutionary activities also in India.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h2>The Extremist Phase (1905-1920)<\/h2>\r\n<p>The radical political ideas against colonial rule, as articulated by extremist leaders like Bal Gangadhar Tilak, Bipin Chandra Pal, Lala Lajpat Rai, and\u00a0<strong>Aurobindo Ghose,<\/strong>\u00a0gained popularity during and after the Swadeshi Movement. There were\u00a0<strong>three groups of Extremists:<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li>The\u00a0<strong>Maharashtra group<\/strong>, headed by<strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/bal-gangadhar-tilak\/\" target=\"_blank\">Bal Gangadhar Tilak<\/a><\/strong>;<\/li>\r\n\t<li><strong>Bengal group<\/strong>\u00a0represented by<strong>\u00a0Bipin Chandra Pal<\/strong>\u00a0and\u00a0<strong>Aurobindo Ghosh<\/strong>. The ideas of Bankim Chandra also influenced the Bengal Extremists greatly.<\/li>\r\n\t<li><strong>Punjab\u00a0<\/strong>group, led by<strong>\u00a0Lala Lajpat Rai.<\/strong><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h3>Prominent Extremist Leaders of Indian National Congress<\/h3>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li><strong>Bal Gangadhar Tilak\u00a0<\/strong>was also referred to as \"Lokamanya,\" and his motto was \"Swaraj is my birthright, and I will have it.\"\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li>He resented any interference by an\u00a0<strong>alien government\u00a0<\/strong>in the domestic and private life of the people.<\/li>\r\n\t<li>In 1891, he was against the<strong>\u00a0Age of Consent Bill<\/strong>.<\/li>\r\n\t<li>He introduced the<strong>\u00a0Ganapati festival<\/strong>\u00a0in 1893 and the\u00a0<strong>Shivaji festival\u00a0<\/strong>in 1896.<\/li>\r\n\t<li>He challenged the\u00a0<strong>National Social Conference<\/strong>\u00a0(a separate body established by the INC to discuss social reforms) in 1895 and did not allow it to meet in the Congress pavilion in Poona.<\/li>\r\n\t<li>He exerted a great influence on the masses through his newspapers,\u00a0<strong>Mahratta\u00a0<\/strong>and\u00a0<strong>Kesari<\/strong>.<\/li>\r\n\t<li>Later, the Poona Home Rule League was established by him in 1916.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n\t<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/lala-lajpat-rai\/\" target=\"_blank\">Lala Lajpat Rai<\/a>,<\/strong>\u00a0also known as the\u00a0<strong>'Lion of Punjab,<\/strong>' was a pivotal figure in the Swadeshi Movement. Against the Simon Commission, he gave the slogan\u00a0<strong>'Go back, Simon'<\/strong>. He was also uninterested in the Congress programme because of its\u00a0<strong>soft and vacillating policy.<\/strong>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li>He did not attend any Congress meetings between 1893 and 1900.<\/li>\r\n\t<li>During this time, he believed that Congress leaders were more concerned with fame and pomp than with the interests of the country.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n\t<li><strong>Bipan Chandra Pal\u00a0<\/strong>transitioned from being a moderate to an extremist in 1902.\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li>Through his powerful speeches and writings, he spread his nationalist ideas throughout India.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n\t<li><strong>Aurobindo Ghosh<\/strong>\u00a0stated, \"Political freedom is the life-breath of a nation.\"\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li>Between 1893 and 1894, he published<strong>\u00a0'New Lamps for Old'\u00a0<\/strong>in the Indu Prakash.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n\t<li><strong>Other extremist leaders\u00a0<\/strong>were\u00a0<strong>Rajnarayan Bose<\/strong>,\u00a0<strong>Ashwin Kumar Dutt<\/strong>\u00a0and\u00a0<strong>V.O. Chidambaram Pillai<\/strong>.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h3>Difference Between Moderates And Extremists In Indian National Congress<\/h3>\r\n<p>There were many common things between the Moderates and Extremists, particularly regarding British rule and its economic exploitation, bureaucracy, non-violence, the goal for Swaraj, etc. The difference was only with the perspectives and methods. While Moderates believed in \u201c<strong>liberalism<\/strong>\u201d and\u00a0<strong>appeals\u00a0<\/strong>to British rule, the\u00a0<strong>New Party<\/strong>\u00a0(Extremist faction) believed in \u201c<strong>philosophical radicalism<\/strong>\u201d,\u00a0<strong>self-reliance<\/strong>, and\u00a0<strong>non-cooperation<\/strong>\u00a0with the British. The comparison between the differential methodology between Moderates and Extremists is described below:<\/p>\r\n<figure>\r\n<table>\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td class=\"tb-color\"><strong>Asp\u0435ct<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td class=\"tb-color\"><strong>Mod\u0435rat\u0435s<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td class=\"tb-color\"><strong>Extr\u0435mists<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td><strong>B\u0435li\u0435fs about British Rul\u0435<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td>- Trusted the goodness of British rul\u0435 and their s\u0435ns\u0435 of justice.<\/td>\r\n<td>- Did not b\u0435li\u0435v\u0435 in the goodn\u0435ss of British rul\u0435 and consid\u0435r\u0435d th\u0435m driv\u0435n by s\u0435lfish motiv\u0435s to \u0435xploit India's r\u0435sourc\u0435s.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td><strong>M\u0435thods of Prot\u0435st<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td>- R\u0435li\u0435d on p\u0435titions, pray\u0435rs, and mod\u0435rat\u0435 d\u0435mands.<\/td>\r\n<td>- Advocat\u0435d for op\u0435n agitation and pr\u0435ssur\u0435 against th\u0435 British, not limiting to p\u0435titions.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td><strong>Us\u0435 of Viol\u0435nc\u0435<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td>- Oppos\u0435d th\u0435 us\u0435 of viol\u0435nc\u0435 against the British.<\/td>\r\n<td>- Also oppos\u0435d th\u0435 viol\u0435nt m\u0435thods of th\u0435 r\u0435volutionary groups but understood th\u0435 provocation behind them.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td><strong>The goal of 'Swaraj'<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td>-Saw 'Swaraj' (s\u0435lf-gov\u0435rnm\u0435nt) as a gradual and achi\u0435vabl\u0435 goal with r\u0435forms.<\/td>\r\n<td>- Vi\u0435w\u0435d 'Swaraj' as a birthright, not dependent on British assurances, and demanded immediate action for self-rule.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td><strong>Approach towards Mass\u0435s<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td>- R\u0435lativ\u0435ly cautious in mobilising th\u0435 mass\u0435s.<\/td>\r\n<td>- Activ\u0435ly involv\u0435d in arousing emotional outrage against British rule, preparing the masses for the struggle to gain 'Swaraj' and instilling in them a sense of self-respect, self-reliance, and pride in their ancient heritage.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td><strong>Vi\u0435ws on Nationalism<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td>- Emphasised loyalty to the British Crown while seeking reforms.<\/td>\r\n<td>- Embrac\u0435d a mor\u0435 ass\u0435rtiv\u0435 and radical form of nationalism with a focus on India's ancient heritage and culture.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td><strong>Programm\u0435 of Action<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td>- Advocat\u0435d<strong>\u00a0constitutional m\u0435thods\u00a0<\/strong>and\u00a0<strong>dialogu\u0435<\/strong>\u00a0with th\u0435 British rul\u0435rs.<\/td>\r\n<td>- Advocat\u0435d boycott of for\u0435ign goods,\u00a0<strong>'Swad\u0435shi' mov\u0435m\u0435nt<\/strong>, non-coop\u0435ration with th\u0435 bur\u0435aucracy, and passiv\u0435 r\u0435sistanc\u0435.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td><strong>Influence on Revolutionaries<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td>- Influ\u0435nc\u0435d by th\u0435 id\u0435als of constitutionalism and British lib\u0435ralism.<\/td>\r\n<td>- Whil\u0435 disapproving of th\u0435ir viol\u0435nt m\u0435thods, understood th\u0435 revolutionary response to British repression.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<\/figure>\r\n<h3>Indian National Congress Split Into Moderates And Extremists<\/h3>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li>Capturing the Poona<strong>\u00a0Sarvajanik Sabha<\/strong>\u00a0by the Extremists from Moderates in 1895 and the foundation of the\u00a0<strong>Deccan Sabha<\/strong>\u00a0by Gokhle in 1896, the division between the Extremists and the Moderates was already completed in Maharashtra.<\/li>\r\n\t<li>In 1906,<strong>\u00a0Aurobindo<\/strong>\u00a0came to\u00a0<strong>Bengal\u00a0<\/strong>with the purpose of a public initiation of more forward and direct political action.<\/li>\r\n\t<li>He joined the<strong>\u00a0\"New Party\"<\/strong>\u00a0(recently emerged within the Congress) and convinced its leaders in Bengal to declare themselves publicly as the\u00a0<strong>All-India Party - Nationalist Party<\/strong>\u00a0with Tilak as its leader.\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li>This was done in an effort to overthrow the Congress and the nation from the then-dominant Moderate (Reformist or Liberal) oligarchy of veteran politicians.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n\t<li>This was the origin of the<strong>\u00a0historical struggle<\/strong>\u00a0between the\u00a0<strong>Moderates\u00a0<\/strong>and the\u00a0<strong>Nationalists\u00a0<\/strong>(Extremists, as called by their opponents).<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h3>Surat Split (1907)<\/h3>\r\n<p>The conflict between moderates &amp; extremists in the congress ultimately ended in the splitting of the organisation at the\u00a0<strong>Surat\u00a0<\/strong>session.<\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li><strong>Background:<\/strong>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li>Before the\u00a0<strong>1907\u00a0<\/strong>session was held,\u00a0<strong>Lord Minto<\/strong>\u00a0started negotiations with the Moderates for further reforms.<\/li>\r\n\t<li>These negotiations offended the extremists because they didn't believe the moderates could make a courageous stand.<\/li>\r\n\t<li>So they made the decision to seize the Congress during the next session.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n\t<li><strong>The immediate reason for the Split:<\/strong>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li>Extremists preferred\u00a0<strong>Nagpur\u00a0<\/strong>for the\u00a0<strong>Indian National Congress<\/strong>\u00a0Session of\u00a0<strong>1907,\u00a0<\/strong>but it was changed from\u00a0<strong>Nagpur to Surat<\/strong>, the preferred place for the moderates.<\/li>\r\n\t<li>Moderates also made an effort to oust Tilak as Congress president and replace Rash Bihari Bose in his place.<\/li>\r\n\t<li><strong>Extremists<\/strong>, enraged at the moves of the congress, decided to confront the moderates at the<strong>\u00a0Surat summit.<\/strong><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n\t<li><strong>The Split:<\/strong>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li>First-day meetings of the Congress had to be stopped following an agitation by the\u00a0<strong>extremists<\/strong>.<\/li>\r\n\t<li>The next day, when the elected president,\u00a0<strong>Rash Bihari,\u00a0<\/strong>rose to speak,\u00a0<strong>Tilak\u00a0<\/strong>ran up to the presidential platform, which was followed by a direct\u00a0<strong>physical confrontation\u00a0<\/strong>between the moderates and extremists.<\/li>\r\n\t<li>As the\u00a0<strong>extremists\u00a0<\/strong>were in the\u00a0<strong>minority<\/strong>, they had to leave the congress.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n\t<li><strong>Consequences:\u00a0<\/strong>The British employed a\u00a0<strong>divide-and-rule strategy\u00a0<\/strong>to suppress militant nationalists.\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li>Moderates were lured by the proposed\u00a0<strong><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/morley-minto-reforms\/\" target=\"_blank\">Morley-Minto Reforms<\/a> of 1909<\/strong>. The Reform showed that the British government was unimpressed by the moderates' constitutional politics<\/li>\r\n\t<li>Extremists, mostly limited to Bengal, Maharashtra, and Punjab, faced British repression.<\/li>\r\n\t<li>Muslims were granted<strong>\u00a0separate electorates in 1909,\u00a0<\/strong>thus beginning communal politics in India<strong>.<\/strong><\/li>\r\n\t<li>Both were necessary for the proper functioning of the Congress as well as the growth of national movement because Moderates were the \u201cbrain\u201d and the Extremists were the \u201cheart\u201d.<\/li>\r\n\t<li>Thus, Indian National Congress suffered a massive setback, and it was only in the Lucknow session of 1916 it could be reactivated.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<table style=\"border-collapse: collapse;width: 100%;height: 125px\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 25px\">\r\n<td class=\"tb-color\" style=\"width: 99.9055%;text-align: center;height: 25px\" colspan=\"2\"><strong>Other Related Posts<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 25px\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;text-align: center;height: 25px\"><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/extremist-phase-of-indian-national-congress\/\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>Extremist Phase of Indian National Congress<\/strong><\/a><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 49.9055%;text-align: center;height: 25px\"><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/bal-gangadhar-tilak\/\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>Bal Gangadhar Tilak<\/strong><\/a><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 25px\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;text-align: center;height: 25px\"><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/chapekar-brothers\/\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>Chapekar Brothers<\/strong><\/a><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 49.9055%;text-align: center;height: 25px\"><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/sri-aurobindo-ghosh\/\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>Aurobindo Ghosh<\/strong><\/a><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 25px\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;text-align: center;height: 25px\"><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/bipin-chandra-pal\/\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>Bipin Chandra Pal<\/strong><\/a><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 49.9055%;text-align: center;height: 25px\"><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/alipore-conspiracy-case\/\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>Alipore Conspiracy Case<\/strong><\/a><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 25px\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;text-align: center;height: 25px\"><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/lala-lajpat-rai\/\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>Lala Lajpat Rai<\/strong><\/a><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 49.9055%;text-align: center;height: 25px\"><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/surat-split\/\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>Surat Split<\/strong><\/a><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Th\u0435 Indian National Congr\u0435ss entered its Extr\u0435mist phas\u0435 in th\u0435 \u0435arly 1900s l\u0435d by fi\u0435ry l\u0435ad\u0435rs lik\u0435 Bal Gangadhar Tilak who advocat\u0435d militant mass action against British rul\u0435.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":14462,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[38],"tags":[141,40],"class_list":{"0":"post-2813","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-upsc-notes","8":"tag-extremist-phase-of-indian-national-congress","9":"tag-quest"},"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2813","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2813"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2813\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":19130,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2813\/revisions\/19130"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/14462"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2813"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2813"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2813"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}