{"id":28184,"date":"2026-08-26T18:04:37","date_gmt":"2026-08-26T12:34:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/?p=28184"},"modified":"2026-08-26T18:04:37","modified_gmt":"2026-08-26T12:34:37","slug":"enforcement-directorate","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/enforcement-directorate\/","title":{"rendered":"Enforcement Directorate, Headquarters, Establishment, Functions"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><b>Enforcement Directorate (ED)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> is one of India's premier law enforcement agencies tasked with combating economic crimes and enforcing foreign exchange laws. Its primary objectives include investigating economic offences, enforcing the Prevention of Money Laundering Act (PMLA), and ensuring compliance with foreign exchange regulations.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The ED plays a crucial role in maintaining the integrity of the financial system by tracking illicit financial activities and holding offenders accountable, thereby contributing to <\/span><b>national economic security<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> and transparency.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\r\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">What is Enforcement Directorate (ED)?<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<p><b>Enforcement Directorate,<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> often called <\/span><b>ED<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, is a specialised financial investigation agency under the Department of Revenue, Ministry of Finance, Government of India.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">It enforces economic laws and fights economic crimes such as <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/money-laundering\/\" target=\"_blank\"><b>money laundering<\/b><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> and violations of foreign exchange regulations.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The ED is not a constitutional body. It is an executive agency functioning under the Department of Revenue. Its authority arises from specific statutes, particularly FEMA and PMLA.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Enforcement Directorate Establishment<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The origin of the Enforcement Directorate dates back to 1 May 1956. Initially, an Enforcement Unit was created in the Department of Economic Affairs to investigate violations of the <\/span><b>Foreign Exchange Regulation Act, 1947 (FERA 1947)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">. In 1957, the unit was renamed the <\/span><b>'Enforcement Directorate<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">' and has undergone various administrative modifications.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Initially, the Enforcement Directorate was in charge of enforcing FERA provisions. With economic liberalisation and the replacement of FERA by the <\/span><b>Foreign Exchange Management Act of 1999 <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">(FEMA), the ED's focus shifted to investigating foreign exchange violations.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/prevention-of-money-laundering-act-2002\/\" target=\"_blank\"><b>Prevention of Money Laundering Act of 2002<\/b><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> (PMLA) broadened the ED's jurisdiction to include anti-money laundering investigations. The agency is in charge of tracing and confiscating assets derived from criminal proceeds.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The <\/span><b>Fugitive Economic Offenders Act of 2018 (FEOA)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> expanded its scope, allowing the Enforcement Directorate to pursue economic offenders who flee the country to avoid Indian law.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Enforcement Directorate Headquarters<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The Enforcement Directorate has its <\/span><b>headquarters in New Delhi <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">and operates through regional offices located in major cities such as<\/span><b> Mumbai, Chennai, Kolkata, and Hyderabad<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">. Each regional office is responsible for specific states or regions.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Enforcement Directorate Objectives<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The<\/span><b> objectives of the Enforcement Directorate<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> are to enforce the Foreign Exchange Management Act (FEMA) 1999, combat money laundering under the Prevention of Money Laundering Act (PMLA) 2002, investigate and prosecute economic offences under the Fugitive Economic Offenders Act, 2018, and support other law enforcement agencies in combating economic crimes.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Enforcement Directorate Structure<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The Enforcement Directorate operates under the administrative control of the Department of Revenue, <\/span><b>Ministry of Finance<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">. It is headed by a director who provides support to special directors, additional directors, joint directors, deputy directors, assistant directors, and other officers.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<h3><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Enforcement Directorate Director<\/span><\/h3>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The Director of the Enforcement Directorate (ED) heads the organisation and oversees its administration.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Appointment: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Appointed by the Central Government under the\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/central-vigilance-commission\/\" target=\"_blank\"><b>Central Vigilance Commission<\/b><\/a><b> Act of 2003<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, the director is selected based on recommendations from a high-level committee that includes:\u00a0<\/span>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Central Vigilance Commissioner\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Secretaries from the Ministry of Home Affairs, the Ministry of Personnel and the Ministry of Finance.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Tenure:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Initially, the director had a fixed tenure of 2 years, but the Delhi Special Police Establishment (Amendment) Act 2021 allows for an extension of up to 5 years. However, the Supreme Court has stressed that repeated extensions must not undermine institutional independence.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Enforcement Directorate Powers<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The Enforcement Directorate (ED) of India has broad legal authority to investigate financial crimes, seize property, conduct searches, and arrest suspects under specific economic statutes.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Search and Seizure: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">ED officers have the authority to enter, search, and inspect properties, offices, or records, as well as seize assets or documents associated with financial crimes.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Summons and Statements:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> The agency may summon anyone to provide evidence or produce documents. The statements made during these proceedings are legally admissible as evidence.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Arrest and Detention: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Under the PMLA, officers may arrest individuals based on material evidence and written justifications for guilt.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Attachment of Property: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">For up to 180 days, the ED can provisionally attach assets suspected of being derived from criminal activity in order to prevent their disposal before a Special Court confiscates them permanently.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Adjudication and Penalties:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Under civil laws such as the FEMA, the ED investigates foreign exchange violations and imposes financial penalties.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Enforcement Directorate Statutory Functions<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The Enforcement Directorate (ED) derives its powers and functions from various statutes, including FEMA, PMLA, and the <\/span><b>Fugitive<\/b> <b>Economic<\/b> <b>Offenders<\/b> <b>Act<\/b> <b>of<\/b> <b>2018<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">. These powers enable the ED to investigate, search, seize, arrest, and prosecute individuals and entities involved in economic crimes.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The ED has jurisdiction over anyone in India but cannot act on its own <\/span><b>(suo moto actions).<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> A complaint from another agency or the police is needed before investigating and identifying the accused.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h3><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">FEMA 1999<\/span><\/h3>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The\u00a0 Enforcement Directorate can investigate any suspected contravention of <\/span><b>FEMA regulations<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, including violations related to foreign exchange, hawala transactions, and unauthorised remittances.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Search and Seizure:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Authorised to conduct searches and seize assets suspected of being involved in violations.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Adjudication:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> The\u00a0 ED can initiate adjudication proceedings against violators and impose penalties.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h3><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">PMLA 2002<\/span><\/h3>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Under the PMLA 2002, the\u00a0 ED can provisionally attach properties believed to be involved in money laundering activities.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Search and Seizure:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Empowered to search premises and seize documents, records, and assets linked to money laundering.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Arrest and Prosecution:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> The\u00a0 Enforcement Directorate can arrest individuals involved in money laundering and prosecute them in special PMLA courts.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Coordination with Financial Intelligence Unit (FIU):<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> The\u00a0 Enforcement Directorate collaborates with the FIU to track suspicious financial transactions.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h3><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Fugitive Economic Offenders Act, 2018<\/span><\/h3>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The Fugitive Economic Offenders Act (FEOA) of 2018 was enacted to <\/span><b>prevent economic offenders from evading Indian law<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> by leaving the country and avoiding prosecution. The act allows special courts to seize and confiscate the assets of economic offenders who meet certain criteria.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Declaration of Fugitive Economic Offender:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> The\u00a0 Enforcement Directorate can move courts to declare an individual a fugitive economic offender.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Confiscation of Assets:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Authorised to confiscate the properties of declared fugitive economic offenders.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h3><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">COFEPOSA 1974<\/span><\/h3>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The Directorate is authorised to support preventive detention cases involving FEMA violations under the Conservation of Foreign Exchange and Prevention of Smuggling Activities Act (COFEPOSA), 1974.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Enforcement Directorate Jurisdiction<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The ED has national jurisdiction over any individual or legal entity involved in economic crimes. If any public servant is involved in a money laundering offence, the agency will have jurisdiction over them.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">While the ED cannot investigate on its own initiative, it may do so in response to a complaint or referral.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Once a case has been registered, assets can be seized, arrests made, and FEMA and PMLA proceedings initiated. Adjudication is handled by Special Courts or PMLA Courts.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Enforcement Directorate Importance<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The Enforcement Directorate plays a pivotal role in safeguarding India's economic stability by investigating financial crimes, ensuring legal compliance, and contributing to national security through efforts against money laundering and terror financing.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Financial Integrity:<\/b> <span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The Enforcement Directorate helps maintain financial integrity and transparency in the economy by investigating and prosecuting cases of money laundering and foreign exchange violations.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>National Security: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Economic crimes, particularly money laundering, can be linked to funding terrorism and other illegal activities. The ED's efforts to curb these crimes contribute to national security.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Legal Compliance:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> The Enforcement Directorate ensures that individuals and entities comply with the country's financial laws, thus fostering a lawful business environment.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>International Cooperation: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The Enforcement Directorate collaborates with international law enforcement agencies to combat transnational economic crimes. This cooperation enhances India's global standing in the fight against financial crimes.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Ensuring a Level Playing Field:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> By combating financial crimes, the ED creates a fair, competitive environment for legitimate enterprises, supporting economic development.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Deterring Economic Crimes:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> The ED investigates and prosecutes economic offences to prevent financial crimes that could destabilise the economy. This helps maintain financial stability and promotes economic progress.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Enforcement Directorate Criticisms<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The Enforcement Directorate (ED) has been pivotal in tackling economic crimes. However, it faces criticism for alleged political bias, operational challenges, judicial scrutiny, and concerns over aggressive investigation methods potentially violating human rights.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Allegations of Political Bias:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Critics allege that the Enforcement Directorate is sometimes used for political vendettas, targeting opposition leaders and entities perceived as adversaries by the ruling party.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Operational Challenges: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The Enforcement Directorate faces significant operational challenges, including resource constraints, a lack of sufficiently trained personnel, and bureaucratic hurdles, which can impede the efficiency and effectiveness of its investigations.\u00a0<\/span>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">In the case of the <\/span><b>Yes Bank scandal (2020)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, the scale of financial transactions and the lack of sufficient manpower were highlighted as significant operational challenges.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Judicial Scrutiny: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Several high-profile cases investigated by the\u00a0 ED have faced judicial scrutiny, with courts questioning the agency's procedures and evidence-collection methods.\u00a0<\/span>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">In the<\/span><b> 2G spectrum case<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, the court acquitted all accused, citing a lack of substantial evidence, thus questioning the ED\u2019s investigation process.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Human Rights Concerns: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The ED's <\/span><b>aggressive investigation methods<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, including <\/span><b>prolonged detentions and asset seizures<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, have raised concerns about potential human rights violations.\u00a0<\/span>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">For example, in the case of Robert Vadra's alleged money laundering, there were claims of <\/span><b>harassment and coercion during investigations<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, raising questions about the agency's methods.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Low Conviction Rate:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> The Enforcement Directorate (ED) in India has registered 5,297 money laundering cases since 2014, but achieved only 40 convictions, resulting in a strikingly <\/span><b>low conviction rate of less than 1%<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">. This highlights significant challenges in prosecuting financial crimes effectively.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Enforcement Directorate Related Supreme Judgements<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The <\/span><b>Supreme Court of India<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> has delivered crucial judgments concerning the Enforcement Directorate (ED), emphasising the balance between its investigative powers and safeguarding individual rights, particularly in cases of arrests, bail, and personal liberty.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Tarsem Lal v. Directorate of Enforcement (2024):<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> The Supreme Court ruled that the Enforcement Directorate (ED) cannot arrest an accused under <\/span><b>Section 19 of the Prevention of Money Laundering Act (PMLA)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> after a Special Court has taken cognisance of the complaint.\u00a0<\/span>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">If the ED requires custody for further investigation, it must seek the <\/span><b>Special Court's<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> approval, protecting the right to personal liberty and preventing arbitrary arrests.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Prabir Purkayastha v. State (NCT of Delhi), 2024:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> The Supreme Court emphasised the importance of providing the arrested person with written grounds of arrest as soon as possible. The ruling strengthened procedural safeguards for arrests and personal liberty.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>P. Chidambaram v. Directorate of Enforcement (2019):<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> The Supreme Court granted bail to former Finance Minister P. Chidambaram in the <\/span><b>INX Media case<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, emphasising that \"bail is the rule, jail is the exception\" and that strong evidence is required for prolonged detention under money laundering charges.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Enforcement Directorate Way Forward<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Enforcement Directorate plays a critical role in combating financial crimes but faces challenges in ensuring efficiency. By enhancing legal frameworks, building capacity, and promoting impartiality, the ED can improve its effectiveness and public trust.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Amendment: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Amending existing laws to provide <\/span><b>clearer guidelines<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> and enhanced powers to the\u00a0 Enforcement Directorate can help streamline its operations and ensure more effective enforcement.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Capacity Building:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Investing in <\/span><b>training and resources<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> for the Enforcement Directorate personnel will enhance their investigative skills and operational efficiency.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Ensuring Impartiality:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Establishing mechanisms to ensure the Enforcement Directorate operates without political interference will enhance its credibility and public trust.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Judicial Oversight:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Regular judicial oversight of the ED's actions can help ensure compliance with legal norms and safeguard individual rights.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>International Collaboration<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">: Enhancing collaboration with international agencies like Interpol and FATF can help the\u00a0 Enforcement Directorate combat transnational crimes more effectively.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Technology Integration:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Leveraging advanced technologies such as data analytics, <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/artificial-intelligence\/\" target=\"_blank\"><b>artificial intelligence<\/b><\/a><b>, and <\/b><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/blockchain-technology\/\" target=\"_blank\"><b>blockchain technology<\/b><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> can improve the ED's ability to track and investigate complex financial transactions.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Transparency Measures:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Implementing transparency measures and regular public reporting on the ED's activities can build public trust and accountability.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Vohra Committee Report Recommendations (1993):<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> This report highlighted the nexus between criminals, politicians, and bureaucrats and recommended measures to combat economic crimes.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Enforcement Directorate UPSC PYQs<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<p><b>Q1:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Discuss how emerging technologies and globalisation contribute to money laundering. Elaborate measures to tackle the problem of money laundering at both the national and international levels. <\/span><b>(UPSC Mains 2021)<\/b><\/p>\r\n<p><b>Q2: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">With reference to the Government of India, consider the following information: <\/span><b>(UPSC Prelims 2025)<\/b><\/p>\r\n<table style=\"width: 97.3937%\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td class=\"tb-color\" style=\"width: 3.80762%\">\u00a0<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"tb-color\" style=\"width: 24.0974%\">\r\n<p><b>Organization<\/b><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"tb-color\" style=\"width: 41.3345%\">\r\n<p><b>Some of its functions<\/b><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"tb-color\" style=\"width: 27.1533%\">\r\n<p><b>It works under\u00a0<\/b><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 3.80762%\">\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">I.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 24.0974%\">\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Directorate of Enforcement<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 41.3345%\">\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Enforcement of the Fugitive Economic Offenders Act, 2018<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 27.1533%\">\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Internal Security Division-I, Ministry of Home Affairs<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 3.80762%\">\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">II.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 24.0974%\">\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Directorate of Revenue Intelligence<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 41.3345%\">\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Enforces the Provisions of the Customs Act, 1962<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 27.1533%\">\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Department of Revenue, Ministry of Finance<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 3.80762%\">\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">III.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 24.0974%\">\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Directorate General of Systems and Data Management<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 41.3345%\">\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Carrying out big data analytics to assist tax officers for better policy and nabbing tax evaders<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 27.1533%\">\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Department of Revenue, Ministry of Finance<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">In how many of the above rows is the information correctly matched?<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">a) Only one<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">b) Only two<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">c) All the three<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">d) None<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><b>Ans: (b)<\/b><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The Enforcement Directorate (ED) is a specialised financial investigation that fights economic crimes in India. Check about Enforcement Directorate (ED), headquarters, functions, significance and criticisms.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":22,"featured_media":28264,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[38,35],"tags":[1909,40,665],"class_list":["post-28184","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-upsc-notes","category-upsc-internal-security-notes","tag-enforcement-directorate","tag-quest","tag-upsc-internal-security-notes"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/28184","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/22"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=28184"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/28184\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":28242,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/28184\/revisions\/28242"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/28264"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=28184"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=28184"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=28184"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}