{"id":28886,"date":"2026-08-31T18:13:10","date_gmt":"2026-08-31T12:43:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/?p=28886"},"modified":"2026-08-31T18:13:10","modified_gmt":"2026-08-31T12:43:10","slug":"airports-in-india","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/airports-in-india\/","title":{"rendered":"Airports In India, List, Significance, Challenges, Way Forward"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><b>Airports in India<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> have emerged as a key pillar of economic growth, connectivity and infrastructure development. Rising incomes, rapid urbanisation, expanding tourism and supportive government initiatives have significantly transformed the country\u2019s aviation sector, making India the <\/span><b>world\u2019s third-largest domestic aviation market<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Airports in India play a crucial role in facilitating <\/span><b>passenger mobility, trade, investment, tourism, logistics and regional integration<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, while also generating substantial employment opportunities. Over the past decade, India has witnessed remarkable growth in airport infrastructure, with operational airports increasing from <\/span><b>74 in 2014 to over 165 in mid-2026<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">. As India advances towards the vision of <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/viksit-bharat-2047\/\" target=\"_blank\"><b>Viksit Bharat @2047<\/b><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, a modern, efficient and sustainable airport network will be crucial for strengthening <\/span><b>economic competitiveness, multimodal connectivity and balanced regional development<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Airports in India Overview<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Airports in India have emerged as critical drivers of India's aviation growth, economic development, and regional integration.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Expanding Airport Network:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> India's operational airport network has expanded from 74 airports in 2014 to around 165 airports as of July 2026.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Growing Airport Passenger Traffic:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Indian airports handled approximately 412 million passengers in FY25, making India the world's third-largest domestic aviation market and reflecting strong growth in air travel demand.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Airport-led Regional Connectivity:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Under the <a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/udan-scheme\/\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>UDAN Scheme<\/strong><\/a>, over 677 routes have been operationalised, connecting 95 airports and benefiting more than 1.68 crore passengers, particularly in underserved regions as of 30 June 2026.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h3><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Different Types of Airports in India<\/span><\/h3>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Airports in India can be classified on the basis of their international status, ownership, operational purpose, location and development model.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>International Airports:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Airports authorised to handle international passenger and cargo traffic, subject to customs, immigration and other regulatory requirements.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Domestic Airports:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Airports primarily serving domestic air traffic and connecting cities and regions within India.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Customs Airports:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Airports designated to handle specified international operations under customs procedures, even if they do not have the scale of a major international gateway.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Civil Enclaves:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Civilian airport facilities located within or adjacent to defence airfields, where civilian aircraft operate using defence-controlled infrastructure.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Greenfield Airports:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Airports developed on a new site with new infrastructure, generally to create additional capacity or serve emerging urban and economic centres.<\/span>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Example:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Donyi Polo Airport, the first greenfield airport in Arunachal Pradesh, and Kushinagar International Airport located in Uttar Pradesh.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Brownfield Airports:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Existing airports that are expanded, modernised or redeveloped to increase capacity and improve operational efficiency.<\/span>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Example:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Vijayawada International Airport. The pre-existing domestic airport (Gannavaram Airport) underwent massive infrastructure upgrades, expansions, and modernisations to achieve international status.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Regional Airports:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Airports serving smaller cities and remote or underserved areas, particularly under regional connectivity initiatives such as UDAN.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Cargo Airports\/Hubs:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Airports with specialised cargo terminals, warehousing, cold-chain facilities and logistics infrastructure designed to facilitate high-value and time-sensitive freight movement.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Airports in India Significance<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Airports in India are critical infrastructure assets that facilitate economic growth, regional integration, trade, tourism, and strategic connectivity.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Economic Growth: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Airports act as economic growth hubs, with every \u20b9100 spent on air transport generating nearly <\/span><b>\u20b9325 <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">in economic activity.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Employment:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> An International Civil Aviation Organisation (ICAO) study shows that air connectivity has an employment multiplier of 6.1.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Regional Connectivity:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Airports under the UDAN scheme have connected remote and underserved regions, benefiting over<\/span><b> 1.68 crore passengers.<\/b><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Trade and Logistics:<\/b> Airports facilitate high-value cargo movement, helping total air cargo traffic rise from 2.53 MMT (FY15) to 5.26 MMT (as of 26th August 2026).<\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Tourism and Employment:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Airports boost tourism accessibility and support an aviation ecosystem that currently generates <\/span><b>7.7 million jobs<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, projected to reach<\/span> 25 million by 2040.<\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>National Integration and Security:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Airports strengthen connectivity in border, island, and northeastern regions while supporting disaster relief, defence logistics, and emergency operations.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Infrastructure-led Development:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Airports serve as key nodes under <\/span><b>PM Gati Shakti<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> and the National Logistics Policy, with a target of <\/span><b>350-400 airports by 2047<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> to support Viksit Bharat.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Airports in India Institutions<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"><br \/>\r\n<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">India\u2019s civil aviation ecosystem is supported by institutions responsible for policy formulation, safety regulation, airport infrastructure, aviation security, economic regulation, accident investigation and human-resource development. These bodies collectively ensure the safe, efficient and sustainable growth of the aviation sector.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Ministry of Civil Aviation (MoCA):<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> The nodal ministry responsible for policy formulation, development and regulation of the civil aviation sector. It administers key laws, including the <\/span><b>Bharatiya Vayuyan Adhiniyam, 2024<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, and Aircraft Rules, 1937.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Directorate General of Civil Aviation (DGCA):<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> The principal aviation safety regulator responsible for aircraft airworthiness, pilot and crew licensing, airline\/operator certification and enforcement of safety standards.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Bureau of Civil Aviation Security (BCAS):<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Responsible for aviation security, including formulation and monitoring of security standards and measures at domestic and international airports.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Aircraft Accident Investigation Bureau (AAIB):<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Investigates aircraft accidents and serious incidents in accordance with national rules and international standards to prevent future accidents.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Airports Economic Regulatory Authority of India (AERA):<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> A statutory authority under the AERA Act, 2008, responsible for regulating aeronautical tariffs and service-quality standards at major airports.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Airports Authority of India (AAI):<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Responsible for airport development and management and Air Navigation Services, including air traffic management and related communication, navigation and surveillance infrastructure.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>AI Assets Holding Limited (AIAHL):<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> A Central Public Sector Enterprise under MoCA responsible for managing and monetising specified assets and liabilities transferred from the erstwhile Air India group following its disinvestment.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Pawan Hans Limited:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> A public-sector helicopter service provider offering <\/span><b>helicopter operations and connectivity<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, particularly to remote, difficult and offshore locations.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Indira Gandhi Rashtriya Uran Akademi (IGRUA):<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> An autonomous aviation training institution under MoCA providing commercial pilot training and aviation-related skill development.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Rajiv Gandhi National Aviation University (RGNAU):<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> A <\/span><b>Central University<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> focused on aviation education, training, research and capacity building in the civil aviation sector.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>DigiYatra Foundation:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> A Section 8 not-for-profit organisation associated with AAI and airport stakeholders that operates the DigiYatra digital and biometric passenger-processing ecosystem.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Airports in India List<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">India's rapidly growing aviation network comprises around 165 operational airports, including 34+ international gateways alongside domestic and customs hubs. Managed by the <\/span><b>Airports Authority of India<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> and private entities, this <\/span><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/infrastructure\/\" target=\"_blank\">infrastructure<\/a><\/strong><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u00a0serves as a vital economic engine connecting major metros, tourist hotspots, and remote regional sectors.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<h3><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Domestic Airports in India List<\/span><\/h3>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Out of the operational airports, some of the important domestic airports in India are as follows:<\/span><\/p>\r\n<table style=\"width: 83.4381%\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td class=\"tb-color\" style=\"width: 6.28684%\"><b>No.<\/b><\/td>\r\n<td class=\"tb-color\" style=\"width: 69.6757%\"><b>Airport Name<\/b><\/td>\r\n<td class=\"tb-color\" style=\"width: 79.663%\"><b>City \/ State<\/b><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 155.626%\" colspan=\"3\"><b>Northern India<\/b><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 6.28684%\">\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">1<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 69.6757%\">\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Jolly Grant Airport (Dehradun)<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 79.663%\">\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Uttarakhand<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 6.28684%\">\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">2<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 69.6757%\">\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Gorakhpur Airport<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 79.663%\">\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Uttar Pradesh<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 6.28684%\">\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">3<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 69.6757%\">\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Jammu Civil Enclave<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 79.663%\">\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Jammu &amp; Kashmir<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 6.28684%\">\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">4<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 69.6757%\">\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Bhuntar Airport (Kullu-Manali)<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 79.663%\">\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Himachal Pradesh<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 6.28684%\">\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">5<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 69.6757%\">\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Pantnagar Airport<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 79.663%\">\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Uttarakhand<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 6.28684%\">\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">6<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 69.6757%\">\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Shimla Airport<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 79.663%\">\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Himachal Pradesh<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 155.626%\" colspan=\"3\"><b>Southern India<\/b><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 6.28684%\">\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">7<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 69.6757%\">\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Kadapa Airport<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 79.663%\">\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Andhra Pradesh<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 6.28684%\">\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">8<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 69.6757%\">\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Rajahmundry Airport<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 79.663%\">\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Andhra Pradesh<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 6.28684%\">\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">9<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 69.6757%\">\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Tirupati Airport<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 79.663%\">\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Andhra Pradesh<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 6.28684%\">\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">10<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 69.6757%\">\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Belagavi Airport<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 79.663%\">\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Karnataka<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 6.28684%\">\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">11<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 69.6757%\">\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Hubballi Airport<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 79.663%\">\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Karnataka<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 155.626%\" colspan=\"3\"><b>Western &amp; Central India<\/b><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 6.28684%\">\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">12<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 69.6757%\">\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Jalgaon Airport<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 79.663%\">\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Maharashtra<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 6.28684%\">\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">13<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 69.6757%\">\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Kolhapur Airport<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 79.663%\">\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Maharashtra<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 6.28684%\">\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">14<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 69.6757%\">\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Sindhudurg Airport<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 79.663%\">\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Maharashtra<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 6.28684%\">\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">15<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 69.6757%\">\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Shri Guru Gobind Singh Ji Airport (Nanded)<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 79.663%\">\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Maharashtra<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 6.28684%\">\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">16<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 69.6757%\">\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Nashik Airport (Ozar)<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 79.663%\">\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Maharashtra<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 6.28684%\">\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">17<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 69.6757%\">\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Solapur Airport<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 79.663%\">\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Maharashtra<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 6.28684%\">\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">18<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 69.6757%\">\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Swami Vivekananda Airport<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 79.663%\">\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Chhattisgarh<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 6.28684%\">\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">19<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 69.6757%\">\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Diu Airport<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 79.663%\">\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Daman &amp; Diu<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 6.28684%\">\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">20<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 69.6757%\">\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Surat Airport<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 79.663%\">\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Gujarat<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 6.28684%\">\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">21<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 69.6757%\">\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Vadodara Airport<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 79.663%\">\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Gujarat<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 6.28684%\">\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">22<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 69.6757%\">\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Jagdalpur Airport<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 79.663%\">\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Chhattisgarh<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 155.626%\" colspan=\"3\"><b>Eastern &amp; Northeastern India<\/b><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 6.28684%\">\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">23<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 69.6757%\">\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Bagdogra Airport<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 79.663%\">\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">West Bengal<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<h3><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">International Airports in India <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">List<\/span><\/h3>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">India has <\/span><b>36 international airports as of 7 July 2026<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, reflecting the rapid expansion of the country's aviation infrastructure. Some of the major international airports in India are:<\/span><\/p>\r\n<table style=\"width: 82.8431%\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td class=\"tb-color\" style=\"width: 6.03944%\"><b>No.<\/b><\/td>\r\n<td class=\"tb-color\" style=\"width: 53.3013%\"><b>Airport<\/b><\/td>\r\n<td class=\"tb-color\" style=\"width: 52.6497%\"><b>City \/ State<\/b><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 6.03944%\">\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">1<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 53.3013%\">\r\n<p>Indira Gandhi International Airport<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 52.6497%\">\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Delhi<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 6.03944%\">\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">2<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 53.3013%\">\r\n<p>Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj International Airport<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 52.6497%\">\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Mumbai, Maharashtra<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 6.03944%\">\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">3<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 53.3013%\">\r\n<p>Kempegowda International Airport<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 52.6497%\">\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Bengaluru, Karnataka<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 6.03944%\">\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">4<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 53.3013%\">\r\n<p>Rajiv Gandhi International Airport<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 52.6497%\">\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Hyderabad, Telangana<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 6.03944%\">\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">5<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 53.3013%\">\r\n<p>Chennai International Airport<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 52.6497%\">\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Chennai, Tamil Nadu<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 6.03944%\">\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">6<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 53.3013%\">\r\n<p>Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose International Airport<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 52.6497%\">\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Kolkata, West Bengal<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 6.03944%\">\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">7<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 53.3013%\">\r\n<p>Cochin International Airport<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 52.6497%\">\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Kochi, Kerala<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 6.03944%\">\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">8<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 53.3013%\">\r\n<p>Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel International Airport<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 52.6497%\">\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Ahmedabad, Gujarat<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 6.03944%\">\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">9<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 53.3013%\">\r\n<p>Manohar International Airport (Mopa)<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 52.6497%\">\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Goa<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 6.03944%\">\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">10<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 53.3013%\">\r\n<p>Sri Guru Ram Dass Jee International Airport<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 52.6497%\">\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Amritsar, Punjab<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 6.03944%\">\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">11<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 53.3013%\">\r\n<p>Calicut International Airport<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 52.6497%\">\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Kozhikode, Kerala<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 6.03944%\">\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">12<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 53.3013%\">\r\n<p>Lokpriya Gopinath Bordoloi International Airport<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 52.6497%\">\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Guwahati, Assam<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 6.03944%\">\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">13<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 53.3013%\">\r\n<p>Jaipur International Airport<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 52.6497%\">\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Jaipur, Rajasthan<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 6.03944%\">\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">14<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 53.3013%\">\r\n<p>Thiruvananthapuram International Airport<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 52.6497%\">\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 6.03944%\">\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">15<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 53.3013%\">\r\n<p>Veer Savarkar International Airport<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 52.6497%\">\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Port Blair, Andaman &amp; Nicobar Islands<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 6.03944%\">\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">16<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 53.3013%\">\r\n<p>Sheikh ul-Alam International Airport<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 52.6497%\">\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Srinagar, Jammu &amp; Kashmir<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 6.03944%\">\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">17<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 53.3013%\">\r\n<p>Navi Mumbai International Airport<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 52.6497%\">\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 6.03944%\">\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">18<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 53.3013%\">\r\n<p>Maharishi Valmiki International Airport<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 52.6497%\">\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Ayodhya, Uttar Pradesh<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 6.03944%\">\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">19<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 53.3013%\">\r\n<p>Kushinagar International Airport<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 52.6497%\">\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Kushinagar, Uttar Pradesh<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 6.03944%\">\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">20<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 53.3013%\">\r\n<p>Madurai International Airport<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 52.6497%\">\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Madurai, Tamil Nadu<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Airports in India Major Government Initiatives<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The Government of India has undertaken several initiatives to expand infrastructure for airports in India, improve regional connectivity, modernise passenger services and strengthen the wider aviation ecosystem.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>UDAN Regional Connectivity Scheme:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Launched in 2016 to make air travel affordable and improve connectivity to underserved and unserved regions by providing viability-gap support and developing regional infrastructure for airports in India.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Modified UDAN, 2026:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Approved with an outlay of \u20b928,840 crore for FY 2026\u201327 to FY 2035\u201336, it aims to deepen regional connectivity, develop 100 airports in India from existing unserved airstrips, support approximately 441 aerodromes, establish 200 modern helipads and provide viability-gap funding to airline operators.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Greenfield Airports Policy, 2008:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Provides the framework for establishing new airports in India, including procedures for site clearance, appraisal, inter-ministerial coordination and regulatory approvals.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>PM Gati Shakti:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Promotes integrated planning of airport infrastructure with roads, railways, ports, logistics infrastructure and other economic nodes.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>DigiYatra:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Uses biometric and facial-recognition-based digital processing to provide a more seamless and contactless passenger journey at participating airports.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>GAGAN:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> India's Satellite-Based Augmentation System improves navigation accuracy and supports safer and more efficient aircraft operations. It also has potential applications in disaster management and search-and-rescue operations.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Krishi UDAN:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Facilitates the movement of agricultural and perishable products by air, particularly from hilly, northeastern and tribal regions, helping farmers access distant markets.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Aircraft Leasing through GIFT IFSC:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Government reforms have sought to develop GIFT International Financial Services Centre as a hub for aircraft leasing, financing and related aviation services, reducing dependence on overseas financial centres.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>MRO Promotion:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Policy measures aim to develop domestic Maintenance, Repair and Overhaul capabilities and reduce India's dependence on overseas maintenance facilities.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone  wp-image-28903\" src=\"https:\/\/vajiramias.sgp1.cdn.digitaloceanspaces.com\/wp\/upsc-exam\/2026\/08\/31111505\/Modified-Udan.png\" alt=\"Airports in India\" width=\"889\" height=\"934\" srcset=\"https:\/\/vajiramias.sgp1.cdn.digitaloceanspaces.com\/wp\/upsc-exam\/2026\/08\/31111505\/Modified-Udan.png 1223w, https:\/\/vajiramias.sgp1.cdn.digitaloceanspaces.com\/wp\/upsc-exam\/2026\/08\/31111505\/Modified-Udan-768x808.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 889px) 100vw, 889px\" \/><\/p>\r\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Airports in India Challenges<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Despite remarkable growth in the number of airports in India, passenger traffic, and regional connectivity, India's aviation sector faces several structural and operational challenges. Addressing these issues is essential to sustain long-term growth, improve competitiveness, and achieve the vision of expanding the airport network to 350\u2013400 airports by 2047.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Inadequate Airport Infrastructure:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Rising passenger and aircraft traffic is placing increasing pressure on airport capacity and Air Traffic Control (ATC) systems, leading to congestion and operational inefficiencies.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Gaps in Regional Airport Connectivity:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Despite the success of the UDAN scheme, many remote, border, hilly, and underserved regions continue to lack adequate airport infrastructure and sustainable air services.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>High Cost of Operations:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Aviation Turbine Fuel (ATF) remains the largest expenditure for airlines, accounting for nearly 45\u201350% of operating costs, affecting profitability and affordability of air travel.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Shortage of Skilled Manpower:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> The aviation sector faces a growing shortage of pilots, engineers, maintenance personnel, and air traffic controllers, which could constrain future expansion.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Underdeveloped Aviation Ecosystem:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Limited domestic MRO facilities and dependence on imported aircraft and components increase maintenance costs and reduce operational competitiveness.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Financial and Environmental Pressures:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Intense competition, declining yields, fuel price volatility, sustainability requirements, and external shocks such as geopolitical conflicts continue to challenge the long-term viability of the aviation sector.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Airports in India Way Forward\u00a0<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Airports will be at the centre of India's aviation growth and infrastructure transformation in the coming decades. With rising passenger traffic, expanding cargo demand, and the goal of becoming a <\/span><b>developed nation by 2047<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, India must focus on creating a modern, efficient, sustainable, and globally competitive airport ecosystem. Strengthening airport infrastructure and connectivity will be crucial for supporting economic growth, regional development, and global integration.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Expand Airport Infrastructure:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Increase the airport network from around 165 airports to over 350 airports by 2047, while modernising existing airports and developing dedicated cargo hubs to meet future passenger and freight demand.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Strengthen Regional Connectivity:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Expand UDAN for underserved regions and strengthen Krishi UDAN and airport-linked cold-chain\/cargo infrastructure for agricultural produce.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Develop a Competitive Aviation Ecosystem:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Strengthen domestic MRO (Maintenance, Repair and Overhaul) facilities, promote indigenous aircraft component manufacturing, and enhance aircraft leasing through GIFT City to reduce dependence on foreign services.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Promote Digital and Smart Airports:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Scale up DigiYatra, GAGAN-based navigation systems, AI-enabled airport operations, and automated passenger processing to improve airport efficiency and passenger experience.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Enhance Skills and Ease of Doing Business:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Expand pilot and aviation workforce training, encourage greater participation of women in aviation, and undertake regulatory and tax reforms to improve sectoral competitiveness.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Build Green and Sustainable Airports:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Promote renewable energy-powered airports, Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF), carbon-neutral airport infrastructure, and environmentally sustainable Greenfield airport development to support long-term decarbonisation goals.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Airports in India UPSC PYQs<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<p><b>Q1<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">. What is the need for expanding regional air connectivity in India? In this context, discuss the government's UDAN Scheme and its achievements. <\/span><b>(UPSC Mains 2024)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><b>Q2. <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Examine the developments of airports in India through Joint Ventures under the Public-Private Partnership (PPP) model. What are the challenges faced by the authorities in this regard? <\/span><b>(UPSC Mains 2017)<\/b><\/p>\r\n<p><b>Q3.<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Consider the following airports: <\/span><b>(UPSC Prelims 2024)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Donyi Polo Airport<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Kushinagar International Airport<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Vijayawada International Airport<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">In the recent past, which of the above have been constructed as Greenfield projects?\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">(a) 1 and 2 only\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">(b) 2 and 3 only\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">(c) 1 and 3 only\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">(d) 1, 2 and 3<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><b>Q4.<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Which one of the following is the purpose of the 'UDAN' scheme of the Government of India? <\/span><b>(UPSC Prelims 2019)<\/b><\/p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">(a) Making available some seats at a capped price to passengers on selected routes<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">(b) Training young people to become pilots of light combat aircraft<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">(c) Making new rocket launching facilities available to private enterprises<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">(d) Providing inexpensive and reliable internet connectivity to rural areas<\/span><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Airports in India have emerged as a key pillar of economic growth, connectivity, and infrastructure development. Learn about the list of domestic and international airports and their significance.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":35,"featured_media":28954,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[38,30],"tags":[1956,40,1033],"class_list":["post-28886","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-upsc-notes","category-upsc-economy-notes","tag-airports-in-india","tag-quest","tag-upsc-economy-notes"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/28886","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/35"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=28886"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/28886\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":28989,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/28886\/revisions\/28989"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/28954"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=28886"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=28886"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=28886"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}