{"id":29123,"date":"2026-09-02T17:54:49","date_gmt":"2026-09-02T12:24:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/?p=29123"},"modified":"2026-09-02T17:54:49","modified_gmt":"2026-09-02T12:24:49","slug":"e-waste-management-rules","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/e-waste-management-rules\/","title":{"rendered":"E Waste Management Rules 2022, Provisions, Challenges, UPSC Notes"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><b>E Waste Management Rules, 2022<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, are India\u2019s regulatory framework for managing electronic waste, replacing the 2016 Rules. They focus on formalising the recycling sector, expanding the scope of electrical and electronic equipment (EEE), strengthening Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR), and ensuring compliance through a centralised digital portal.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The E-Waste (Management) Rules, 2022, aim to promote safe, accountable, and environmentally sustainable e-waste management by encouraging recycling, refurbishment, and recovery of valuable metals. Adoption of modern technologies and formal recycling mechanisms supports resource efficiency, reduces environmental and health risks, and advances circular economy practices in India.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">E-Waste About<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<p><b>E-waste, or electronic waste<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, comprises discarded electrical and electronic devices that have reached the end of their useful life, including computers, mobile phones, televisions, refrigerators, and other household or industrial electronics.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li><b>Composition:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> E-waste contains both valuable and hazardous materials:<\/span>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li><b>Valuable metals:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Copper, gold, silver, aluminium, and <\/span><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/rare-earth-elements\/\" target=\"_blank\">rare earth elements<\/a><\/strong><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, which can be recovered and reused.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li><b>Hazardous substances:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> E-waste contains toxic substances such as lead, mercury, cadmium, beryllium, chromium, brominated flame retardants, and persistent organic pollutants.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n\t<li><b>Categories:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> E-waste is categorised into large household appliances, IT and telecom equipment, consumer electronics, lighting equipment, electrical tools, and medical devices.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li><b>Management Methods: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">E-waste should be managed through the 3Rs\u2014Reduce, Reuse, and Recycle, along with recovery principles.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li><b>Impacts: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">E-waste poses serious environmental and health risks due to hazardous substances like lead, mercury, and cadmium, contaminating soil, water, and air.<\/span>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Informal recycling causes resource loss, economic opportunity gaps, and exposes vulnerable communities, including women and children, to unsafe working conditions.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">E Waste Management Need in India<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">India\u2019s rapid digital growth and widespread adoption of electronic devices have led to massive e-waste generation, 13.98 lakh metric tonnes in 2024\u201325, nearly double the 2017\u201318 figure, making it the third-largest e-waste producer globally. Effective management is crucial to:<\/span><\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Protect the Environment:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Scientific recycling prevents soil, water, and air contamination, safeguarding ecosystems and <\/span><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/biodiversity\/\" target=\"_blank\">biodiversity<\/a><\/strong><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Ensure Public Health Safety:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Formal recycling reduces exposure to hazardous substances, protecting workers and local communities from respiratory, neurological, and developmental disorders.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Recover Resources:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Valuable metals and rare earth elements can be efficiently reclaimed, reducing import dependence, supporting sustainable industrial growth, and promoting a <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/circular-economy\/\" target=\"_blank\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"><strong>circular economy<\/strong><\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Manage Growing Waste Volumes:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Structured collection, safe disposal, and enhanced recycling prevent landfill overflow and reduce environmental burden. India loses over \u20b980,000 crore annually due to unrecovered metals in informal processing.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">E Waste Management Rules 2022 History<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<p><b>E waste management<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> rules in India have evolved steadily to address the growing volume of discarded electronic goods driven by rapid digitalisation, urbanisation, and consumer demand. Each reform has aimed to improve collection, recycling, and environmental safety through better accountability and formalisation.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>2011:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> The E-Waste (Management and Handling) Rules were India\u2019s first dedicated e-waste regulations and the first in South Asia. They introduced the concept of <\/span><b>Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, placing the onus of collection and recycling on producers, and covered 22 categories of electrical and electronic equipment (EEE).<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>2016:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> The rules were overhauled to expand stakeholder participation by including manufacturers, producers, recyclers, and dismantlers. Specific collection targets were introduced to ensure systematic recovery and recycling of e-waste.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>2018 Amendment:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Refined collection targets, clarified roles and responsibilities, and strengthened compliance and reporting mechanisms.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>2022:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> The E-Waste Management Rules, 2022, replaced the 2016 framework effective from April 1, 2023.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">E Waste Management Rules 2022 Provisions<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<p><b>E-waste management<\/b> <b>Rules 2022<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> represent a decisive step toward formalising India\u2019s recycling sector, promoting resource recovery, and aligning national policy with global circular economy standards.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li><b>Expanded Applicability:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Schedule I has been expanded to include 106 Electrical and Electronic Equipment (EEE) categories, up from the previous 21.<\/span>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Producers of these EEE are required to meet annual recycling targets: 60% for 2023\u201324 and 2024\u201325, 70% for 2025\u201326 and 2026\u201327, and 80% from 2027\u201328 onwards.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The rules also cover the management of solar photovoltaic modules\/panels\/cells, introduce a market-based EPR compliance system via certificates, and include provisions for environmental compensation, verification, and audit<\/span><b>.<\/b><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n\t<li><b>Mandatory Registration:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> All manufacturers, producers, refurbishers, dismantlers, and recyclers must register on the CPCB online portal before commencing operations.<\/span>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Transactions are allowed only between registered entities, ensuring traceability, monitoring, and compliance across the e-waste value chain.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n\t<li><b>Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR): <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The rules mandate that producers of electrical and electronic equipment achieve annual e-waste recycling targets: 60% for 2023\u201324 and 2024\u201325, 70% for 2025\u201326 and 2026\u201327, and 80% from 2027\u201328 onwards.<\/span>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">To ensure compliance, the Rules introduce EPR certificates, which can be generated, traded, and redeemed between producers and registered recyclers through the CPCB portal.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n\t<li><b>Refurbishing Certificates and Deferred Liability: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">To promote reuse and circularity, refurbishers receive certificates indicating the extended life of refurbished products.<\/span>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Producers can defer a portion of their recycling liability proportional to the refurbished volume, incentivising sustainable and resource-efficient practices.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n\t<li><b>Recycling Based on Material Recovery: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Recycling performance is measured on the actual recovery of raw materials (such as gold, copper, aluminium, and iron) from end products, ensuring accurate reporting and preventing false compliance claims.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li><b>Inclusion of Solar PV Waste: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The Rules explicitly cover waste from solar photovoltaic equipment, acknowledging the growing volume of renewable energy-related e-waste and its environmental implications.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li><b>Environmental Compensation and Enforcement: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Provisions for environmental compensation have been strengthened. Non-compliance with EPR obligations or improper handling attracts penalties determined by the CPCB, supported by audits and monitoring mechanisms.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li><b>Worker Safety and Skill Development: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The Rules mandate registration, health and safety monitoring, and training of workers engaged in e-waste dismantling and recycling to ensure occupational safety and capacity building.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li><b>Restriction on Hazardous Substances: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Producers must ensure that electronic components and equipment comply with prescribed limits of lead, mercury, cadmium, and other hazardous substances, promoting safer product design and reduced toxic exposure.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li><b>Institutional Mechanism: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">A Steering Committee has been constituted to oversee implementation, evaluate progress, and coordinate actions among stakeholders to ensure effective enforcement.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">E Waste Management Rules 2016 vs 2022<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">India's E-Waste (Management) Rules, 2022, which became effective on April 1, 2023, completely replaced the older E-Waste (Management) Rules, 2016, to create a stricter, fully digital system for recycling electronics.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<table style=\"width: 98.5966%\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td class=\"tb-color\" style=\"width: 15.8431%\"><b>Feature<\/b><\/td>\r\n<td class=\"tb-color\" style=\"width: 38.6261%\"><b>E-Waste Rules, 2016<\/b><\/td>\r\n<td class=\"tb-color\" style=\"width: 43.3265%\"><b>E-Waste Rules, 2022<\/b><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 15.8431%\">\r\n<p><b>Regulatory Authority<\/b><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 38.6261%\">\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Authorisation is split between CPCB (for producers) and State Pollution Control Boards (SPCBs) for others.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 43.3265%\">\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Centralised, single-window registration via a dedicated online portal managed by the CPCB.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 15.8431%\">\r\n<p><b>Scope of Products<\/b><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 38.6261%\">\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Covered 21 types of electrical and electronic equipment (EEE).<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 43.3265%\">\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Expanded to over 100 items, including solar photovoltaic (PV) modules, panels, and cells.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 15.8431%\">\r\n<p><b>EPR Compliance<\/b><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 38.6261%\">\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Handled through physical paperwork, target filings, and SPCB verifications.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 43.3265%\">\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Transitioned to a digital certificate-based market where producers buy\/sell recycling credits.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 15.8431%\">\r\n<p><b>Recycling Targets<\/b><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 38.6261%\">\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Gradually scaled up based on historical sales (stating up to 70%).<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 43.3265%\">\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Fixed annual targets: 60% (2023\u20132025), 70% (2025\u20132027), and 80% (2027 onward).<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 15.8431%\">\r\n<p><b>Bulk Consumers<\/b><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 38.6261%\">\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Required to maintain detailed physical registers and file annual returns.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 43.3265%\">\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Record-keeping and return-filing duties removed, simplifying compliance for bulk users.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 15.8431%\">\r\n<p><b>Enforcement &amp; Penalties<\/b><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 38.6261%\">\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Standard legal action and localized penalties via SPCBs.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 43.3265%\">\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Introduction of specific <\/span><b>Environmental Compensation<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> rules for polluters and non-compliant entities.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<h3><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">E-Waste (Management) Second Amendment Rules 2023<\/span><\/h3>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Effective July 2023, the e waste rules of 2023 added mandatory, accountable refrigerant management for air conditioning and refrigeration producers, as well as new timetables and exclusions for hazardous material reduction.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<h3><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">E-Waste (Management) Amendment Rules 2024<\/span><\/h3>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The Central Government may develop trading platforms for Extended Producer Responsibility certificates based on recommendations provided by the Central Pollution Control Board with its permission.\u00a0 The <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/central-pollution-control-board-cpcb\/\" target=\"_blank\"><b>Central Pollution Control Board<\/b><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> will establish a price range for Extended Producer Responsibility certifications between 100% (maximum) and 30% (minimum) of the environmental compensation for noncompliance.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">E Waste Management Challenges<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<p><b>E-waste management <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">in India faces several interconnected challenges that hinder safe collection, recycling, and disposal. These include the dominance of the informal sector, limited infrastructure, low public awareness, regulatory gaps, economic and technological constraints, and weak stakeholder coordination.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li><b>Dominance of the Informal Sector: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The primary challenge is that most e-waste is processed informally using unsafe methods.<\/span>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Nearly 90\u201395% of e-waste is handled by informal workers, including kabadiwalas, who employ techniques such as open burning and acid leaching.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">These practices release toxic pollutants, contaminate soil, water, and air, and cause serious health problems for workers and nearby communities.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n\t<li><b>Lack of Infrastructure:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Authorised recycling facilities and collection centres are few and often lack the capacity to manage growing e-waste volumes, leading to improper disposal and accumulation in households or landfills.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li><b>Low Public Awareness:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Many consumers remain unaware of e-waste hazards and formal disposal options. This results in e-waste being mixed with general waste, reducing the effectiveness of collection programmes.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li><b>Regulatory and Enforcement Gaps: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Although laws like the E-Waste Management Rules exist, enforcement is weak due to insufficient manpower, coordination issues, and limited financial resources, resulting in widespread non-compliance.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li><b>Economic and Technological Barriers: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The informal sector often offers better returns by externalising health and environmental costs, making formal recycling economically uncompetitive.<\/span>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The adoption of advanced and environmentally sound recycling technologies is limited by high costs and technical complexity, reducing resource recovery efficiency.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n\t<li><b>Stakeholder and Data Challenges: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Resistance from certain producers and importers to fully comply with EPR obligations reduces accountability.<\/span>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Further, the lack of comprehensive and reliable data on e-waste generation, collection, and recycling undermines effective policy development, monitoring, and enforcement.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">E Waste Management Rules Way Forward<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<p><b>E waste management<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> requires a holistic, integrated approach combining legal enforcement, technological innovation, circular economy principles, and stakeholder participation. The strategy should align with the E-Waste (Management) Rules, 2022\u20132025, domestic realities, and global best practices.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Formalise the Informal Sector: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Recognise informal e-waste collectors and recyclers as an integral part of India\u2019s e-waste <\/span><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/ecosystem\/\" target=\"_blank\">ecosystem<\/a><\/strong><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> by providing legal registration, training, and workplace safety measures. Facilitate access to credit, modern tools, and technical support to enable environmentally safe recycling practices while improving efficiency and livelihoods.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Strengthen Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR): <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Ensure strict compliance with the E-Waste (Management) Rules, 2022, using the CPCB digital portal for registration, reporting, and monitoring.<\/span>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Transparent reporting, third-party audits, and effective penalties will hold producers and recyclers accountable, promoting formal sector participation.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Promote Circular Economy Practices: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Encourage reuse, repair, refurbishment, and remanufacturing to extend product life cycles and reduce waste. Integrate eco-design, green procurement, and reverse logistics to embed circularity across the electronics value chain.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Upgrade Recycling Technology: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Develop region-specific collection and recycling centres equipped with advanced technologies for efficient and safe recovery of precious and rare metals. Public-private partnerships can support technology transfer, capacity expansion, and operational efficiency.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Enhance Regulatory Oversight: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Strengthen coordination among MoEFCC, CPCB, SPCBs, and urban local bodies for effective implementation. Use real-time digital monitoring, environmental audits, and verification mechanisms to ensure compliance and improve governance.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">E Waste Management Rules UPSC PYQs<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<p><b>Q1: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">In India, \u2018extend producer responsibility\u2019 was introduced as an important feature in which of the following? <\/span><b>(UPSC Prelims 2019)<\/b><\/p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">(a) The Bio-medical Waste (Management and Handling) Rules, 1998<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">(b) The Recycled Plastic (Manufacturing and Usage) Rules, 1999<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">(c) The e-Waste (Management and Handling) Rules, 2011<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">(d) The Food Safety and Standard Regulations, 2011<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><b>Ans: (c)<\/b><\/p>\r\n<p><b>Q2: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">In India, \u2018extend producer responsibility\u2019 was introduced as an important feature in which of the following? <\/span><b>(UPSC Prelims 2019)<\/b><\/p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">(a) The Bio-medical Waste (Management and Handling) Rules, 1998<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">(b) The Recycled Plastic (Manufacturing and Usage) Rules, 1999<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">(c) The e-Waste (Management and Handling) Rules, 2011<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">(d) The Food Safety and Standard Regulations, 2011<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><b>Ans: (c)<\/b><\/p>\r\n<p><b>Q3:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Due to improper\/indiscriminate disposal of old and used computers or their parts, which of the following are released into the environment as e-waste? <\/span><b>(UPSC Prelims 2013)<\/b><\/p>\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Beryllium<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Cadmium\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Chromium<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Heptachlor\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Mercury<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Lead<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Plutonium<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Select the correct answer using the codes given below:<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">(a) 1, 3, 4, 6 and 7 only<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">(b) 1, 2, 3, 5 and 6 only<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">(c) 2, 4, 5 and 7 only<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">(d) 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><b>\u00a0Ans: (b)<\/b><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>E Waste Management Rules 2022 are India\u2019s regulatory framework for managing electronic waste. Check about e-waste management rules 2022, 2016 rules, provisions.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":22,"featured_media":29146,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[38,33],"tags":[1972,40,654],"class_list":["post-29123","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-upsc-notes","category-upsc-environment-ecology-notes","tag-e-waste-management-rules","tag-quest","tag-upsc-environment-and-ecology-notes"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/29123","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/22"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=29123"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/29123\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":29161,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/29123\/revisions\/29161"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/29146"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=29123"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=29123"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=29123"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}