{"id":29173,"date":"2026-09-03T18:02:56","date_gmt":"2026-09-03T12:32:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/?p=29173"},"modified":"2026-09-03T18:02:56","modified_gmt":"2026-09-03T12:32:56","slug":"asian-development-bank","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/asian-development-bank\/","title":{"rendered":"Asian Development Bank, Headquarters, President, Members"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The Asian Development Bank (ADB) is one of the leading multilateral development finance organisations in the world. It is committed to advancing sustainable economic growth, lowering poverty, and raising living standards throughout Asia and the Pacific. ADB has provided member nations with financial support, technical aid, policy recommendations, and regional cooperation projects since its founding in 1966.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Currently, the Asian Development Bank is assisting nations in addressing new issues like food security, energy transition, digital transformation, infrastructure deficiencies, climate change, and disaster resilience. ADB seeks to promote a prosperous, inclusive, resilient, and sustainable Asia-Pacific region through collaborations with governments, the business sector, and international organisations.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">ADB Full Form<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The Asian Development Bank is referred to as ADB.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">It is a multilateral development bank (MDB) that supports developing nations in Asia and the Pacific via loans, grants, equity investments, technical assistance, and policy support.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The Asian Development Bank prioritises funding initiatives that produce long-term economic and social benefits over increasing profits, in contrast to commercial banks.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Asian Development Bank History<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The history of the Asian Development Bank traces back to the early 1960s, when many Asian nations were dealing with widespread poverty, limited industrialisation, and inadequate <\/span><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/infrastructure\/\" target=\"_blank\">infrastructure<\/a><\/strong><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">; the notion of establishing a regional development agency for Asia began to take shape.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Member nations decided to create a financial organisation devoted to regional development after talks held under the United Nations Economic Commission for Asia and the Far East (ECAFE).<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li><b>Important Highlights<\/b>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Founded: December 19, 1966<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">31 nations were initially members.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Takeshi Watanabe was Japan's first president.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Manila, the capital of the Philippines, was the host nation.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n\t<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">In its early years, ADB mostly funded rural development, irrigation, and agricultural projects.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Its activities grew over time to encompass digital development, education, healthcare, transportation, urban infrastructure, renewable energy, and climate action.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Headquarters of Asian Development Bank\u00a0<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The Asian Development Bank's main office is situated in Mandaluyong City, Metro Manila, Philippines. Since its founding, Manila has been the bank's headquarters and continues to be the hub of its international operations.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Asian Development Bank President<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The current president of the Asian Development Bank is <\/span><b>Masato Kanda (Japan).<\/b><\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">In addition to chairing the Board of Directors, the President of ADB is in charge of the organisation's general administration.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The President is in charge of ADB's financial management, policy implementation, operational strategy, and interactions with member nations and development partners.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Asian Development Bank Members<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The Asian Development Bank\u2019s growing membership is indicative of its increasing significance in meeting Asia's and the Pacific's development demands.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The bank promotes worldwide collaboration by uniting economies from various regions.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Under Article 3 of the Agreement Establishing the Asian Development Bank, membership is open to:<\/span>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Members and associate members of the United Nations Economic Commission for Asia and the Far East (now ESCAP).<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Other regional countries and non-regional developed countries that are members of the <\/span><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/the-united-nations-un\/\" target=\"_blank\">United Nations<\/a><\/strong><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> (UN) or any of its specialised agencies.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Present membership status is<\/b>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">ADB has grown considerably from 31 to 69 members.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">50 regional members.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">19 non-regional members.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Non-regional members are nations from North America and Europe that provide resources and knowledge, whereas regional members are those from Asia and the Pacific.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Since 1966, India has been a founding member.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Asian Development Bank Voting System<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The Asian Development Bank's governance structure ensures effective management and open decision-making by combining capital-based voting with inclusive representation. This framework acknowledges member nations' financial contributions to the organisation while allowing them to take part in the formation of policies.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li><b>Each member's voting power is determined by:<\/b>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Basic votes allocated equally to all members.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Share votes based on the number of subscribed capital shares.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n\t<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Consequently, nations with more capital contributions have more voting power within the organisation. The Board of Governors, with one representative from each member country, is the highest decision-making body, while a 12-person Board of Directors handles operational and financial affairs.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li><b>Major Influence &amp; Shareholders<\/b>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The US and Japan each control around 15.6% of the total shares and voting power.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">People's Republic of China: About 6.4% of all shares.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">India: Approximately 6.3% of all shares.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Australia: Roughly 5.8% of all shares<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Asian Development Bank Objectives<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The Asian Development Bank (ADB) has a clear development mandate to promote long-term prosperity throughout Asia and the Pacific. Its goals centre on assisting developing member nations in achieving inclusive, resilient, and sustainable growth while tackling the region's changing economic, social, and environmental issues. <\/span><b>Objectives<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> are<\/span><\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Lowering poverty and raising levels of living.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Encouraging sustainable and equitable economic growth.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Funding the construction of infrastructure.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Encouraging regional integration and collaboration.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Enhancing environmental sustainability and climatic resilience.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Promoting involvement from the private sector.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Encouraging social inclusion and gender equality.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Enhancing institutional capacity and governance.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Improving resilience and readiness for disasters.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Encouraging digital transformation and innovation.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Asian Development Bank Functions<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The Asian Development Bank (ADB) provides a wide range of financial and non-financial services to its developing member nations. In addition to loans, it offers policy advice, capacity building, knowledge exchange, and regional collaboration, all of which help nations achieve equitable and sustainable development.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Financing for Development:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> For development projects, the Asian Development Bank offers sovereign and non-sovereign loans, grants, guarantees, and equity investments.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Technological Support:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> The bank provides governments with technical assistance for project implementation, institutional building, and policy reforms.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Information Exchange:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> The Asian Development Bank publishes economic studies, carries out research, and advises member nations on policy.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Construction of Infrastructure:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> It provides funding for electricity, water supply, sanitation, urban development, and transportation initiatives.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Climate Funding:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Sustainable infrastructure initiatives, climate adaptation, renewable energy, and disaster risk reduction are all supported by ADB.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Development of the Private Sector:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> The bank encourages investments in financial markets, companies, and <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/public-private-partnership\/\" target=\"_blank\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"><strong>public-private partnerships (PPPs)<\/strong>.<\/span><\/a><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Regional Collaboration:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> ADB promotes regional economic integration, trade facilitation, and cross-border connectivity among its member nations.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Asian Development Bank's Development Vision Strategy 2030<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The Asian Development Bank, while continuing its efforts to end extreme poverty, will broaden its goal to achieve a prosperous, inclusive, resilient, and sustainable Asia and the Pacific under Vision Strategy 2030. The strategy seeks to create an area that is prosperous, inclusive, resilient, and sustainable. <\/span><b>Strategy 2030's primary focus areas are<\/b><\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Action on Climate Change:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Over $100 billion in total climate finance between 2019 and 2030, and by 2030, climate finance will account for 50% of all committed financing volume.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Private Sector Development:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> It will receive $13 billion from ADB's own account financing and all direct mobilisation, including at least $4.5 billion in direct private capital mobilisation, and 40% of sovereign operations will contribute to private sector development.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Public Goods and Regional Cooperation:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> By 2030, 30% of operations will support public goods and promote regional collaboration and integration.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Transformation to Digital<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">: It is anticipated that both sovereign and nonsovereign operations supporting digital transformation will increase annually.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Empowerment and Resilience<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">: By 2030, 60% of sovereign and nonsovereign activities will incorporate gender, and 75% of operations will promote inclusivity and poverty alleviation.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone  wp-image-29174\" src=\"https:\/\/vajiramias.sgp1.cdn.digitaloceanspaces.com\/wp\/upsc-exam\/2026\/09\/03132655\/Asian-Development-Bank.png\" alt=\"Asian Development Bank\" width=\"840\" height=\"784\" srcset=\"https:\/\/vajiramias.sgp1.cdn.digitaloceanspaces.com\/wp\/upsc-exam\/2026\/09\/03132655\/Asian-Development-Bank.png 1297w, https:\/\/vajiramias.sgp1.cdn.digitaloceanspaces.com\/wp\/upsc-exam\/2026\/09\/03132655\/Asian-Development-Bank-768x718.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 840px) 100vw, 840px\" \/><\/p>\r\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Asian Development Bank Role in Asia-Pacific Development<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The Asian Development Bank (ADB) has played a pivotal role over the past 60 years in promoting sustainable and inclusive development across Asia and the Pacific. By providing financial assistance, technical expertise, policy support, and knowledge solutions.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Development of Infrastructure: The <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Asian Development Bank provides funding for renewable energy projects, ports, airports, highways, railroads, and urban infrastructure that enhances economic productivity and connectivity.<\/span>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Example:<\/b> <span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Urban Transport Electrification Project in the Kyrgyz Republic.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Reducing Poverty:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> The bank backs initiatives that increase access to livelihood opportunities, clean water, sanitation, healthcare, and education.<\/span>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Example:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Improving Health Services in Bangladesh through ADB-supported health system strengthening programmes.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Action on Climate Change:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> In order to assist nations in making the shift to low-carbon and climate-resilient development, ADB is increasing climate finance and plans to allocate 50% of its yearly committed financing to climate action by 2030.<\/span>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Example:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Maldives Climate-Resilient Water and Sanitation Projec<\/span><b>t<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, which strengthens climate adaptation and improves water security.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Integration of Regions:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> ADB promotes economic integration throughout Asia and the Pacific through programmes for regional cooperation, trade corridors, and cross-border transportation.<\/span>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Example:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> CAREC Programme, connecting 11 member countries through transport, energy, and trade facilitation projects.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Growth in the Private Sector:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> By offering funding, guarantees, and advisory support for development initiatives that are financially viable, ADB encourages private participation.<\/span>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Example:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Financing renewable energy and infrastructure projects through ADB's Private Sector Operations Department (PSOD)<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n\t<li><b>Resilience to Disasters: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The bank helps member nations become more resilient to pandemics, natural disasters, and other regional emergencies.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"list-style-type: none\">\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Example:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Pacific Disaster Resilience Program, which is disaster preparedness and swift financing for Pacific Island countries.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Asian Development Bank and India<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">India is a founding member and fourth-largest shareholder of ADB, which supports its priorities in urban development, skills, employment, infrastructure, and sustainable growth under the Country Partnership Strategy 2023\u20132027. ADB-supported projects in India:<\/span><\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Pradhan Mantri Skilling and Employability Transformation through Upgraded Industrial Training Institutes Programme ($846 million).<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Accelerating Affordable and Inclusive Rooftop Solar Systems Development Programme ($650 million).<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Assam State Tertiary Health Care Augmentation Project (ASTHA \u2013 $398.8 million);\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Chennai Metro Rail Investment Project ($240 million).<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Integrated Ecotourism and Sustainable Agri-based Livelihood Development in Meghalaya Project ($77 million).<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Maharashtra Power Distribution Enhancement Programme for Agricultural Solarisation ($500 million).<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Indore Metro Rail Project ($190.6 million).<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Gujarat Skills Development Programme ($109.97 million).<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">$98 million loan to support horticultural plant health management in India.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">$42 million loan to improve coastline preservation and increase community resilience in Maharashtra.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Asian Development Bank Reports<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The Asian Development Bank (ADB) Publications provide comprehensive economic tracking, development statistics, and strategic forecasts for the Asia-Pacific region<\/span><\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Asian Development Outlook (ADO):<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Published [annually\/periodically], it offers regional growth analysis, inflation trends, and economic projections for developing Asia, including GDP estimates for India.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>ADB Annual Report<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">: The operational, institutional, and financial outcomes of ADB are fully described in this annual report.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Asian Economic Integration Report 2026<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">: This paper emphasises how Asia and the Pacific are continuing to expand economic integration. In order to improve resilience and promote inclusive, sustainable integration, it outlines current trends and talks about policy priorities.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Key Indicators for Asia and the Pacific:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> provides up-to-date statistical information and <\/span><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/sustainable-development-goals\/\" target=\"_blank\">Sustainable Development Goals<\/a><\/strong><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> (SDG)-related social, economic, and environmental metrics.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Asian Development Bank UPSC PYQs<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Q1. Which one of the following launched the \u2018Nature Solutions Finance Hub for Asia and the Pacific\u2019? <\/span><b>(UPSC Prelims 2025)<\/b><\/p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">a) The Asian Development Bank (ADB)<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">b) The Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB)<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">c) The New Development Bank (NDB)<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">d) The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD)<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><b>Ans:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> a<\/span><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The Asian Development Bank is a pre-eminent global development bank that promotes resilient, inclusive, and sustainable growth throughout Asia and the Pacific. Read about its history Asian Development Bank, headquarters, president, and members.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":35,"featured_media":29183,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[38,29],"tags":[1978,40,639],"class_list":["post-29173","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-upsc-notes","category-upsc-international-relations-and-institutions-notes","tag-asian-development-bank","tag-quest","tag-upsc-international-relations-and-institutions-notes"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/29173","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/35"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=29173"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/29173\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":29199,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/29173\/revisions\/29199"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/29183"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=29173"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=29173"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=29173"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}