{"id":29229,"date":"2026-09-04T17:22:13","date_gmt":"2026-09-04T11:52:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/?p=29229"},"modified":"2026-09-04T17:54:07","modified_gmt":"2026-09-04T12:24:07","slug":"world-intellectual-property-organisation","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/world-intellectual-property-organisation\/","title":{"rendered":"World Intellectual Property Organisation, Members, Objectives"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The World Intellectual Property Organisation (WIPO) is a specialised agency of the United Nations that promotes the protection and effective use of intellectual property (IP) worldwide. It supports inventors, creators, businesses and researchers through international IP systems, policy cooperation, technical assistance and reliable intellectual property data. WIPO provides a global platform where countries work together to develop international rules and standards for patents, trademarks, copyrights, industrial designs and other forms of IP.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The World Intellectual Property Organisation also administers international filing systems and treaties that simplify cross-border protection. Through these activities, it seeks to encourage innovation, creativity, technology transfer and sustainable economic development across countries.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">World Intellectual Property Organisation (WIPO) About<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The full form of WIPO stands for World Intellectual Property Organisation. It is an intergovernmental organisation; the headquarters of WIPO is in Geneva, Switzerland, and it became one of the <\/span><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/un-specialized-agencies-part-1\/https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/un-specialized-agencies-part-1\/\" target=\"_blank\">United Nations specialised agencies<\/a><\/strong><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> in 1974.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">WIPO works across different areas of intellectual property, including patents, copyrights, trademarks, industrial designs and geographical indications, helping creators, innovators and businesses protect their intellectual assets internationally.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>WIPO Established Year:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> WIPO was established in 1967 but came into force in 1970 when the Convention establishing WIPO entered into force. Its founding convention was signed in 1967. WIPO subsequently became a UN specialised agency in 1974.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">World Intellectual Property Organisation (WIPO) History<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The history of the World Intellectual Property Organisation goes back to the 19th-century development of international agreements for protecting inventions, trademarks and creative works across national boundaries. Its institutional evolution eventually produced the modern global IP organisation. Major milestones in WIPO history<\/span><\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>1883 Paris Convention:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Established an international framework for protecting industrial property, including patents, trademarks and industrial designs.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>1886 Berne Convention:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Created international cooperation for protecting literary and artistic works.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>1891 Madrid Agreement:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Established an international system for registration of trademarks.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>1893 BIRPI:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> The offices administering the Paris and Berne Conventions were combined into the United International Bureaux for the Protection of Intellectual Property (BIRPI).<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>1967 WIPO Convention<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">: The Convention establishing WIPO was signed in Stockholm.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>1970 WIPO established:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> The WIPO Convention entered into force, and BIRPI was transformed into WIPO.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>1974 UN specialised agency:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> WIPO became part of the UN system as a specialised agency.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>1978 PCT System:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> The international patent filing system under the Patent Cooperation Treaty began operating.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>1994 WIPO Arbitration and Mediation Centre:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> WIPO established a mechanism for resolving international commercial IP disputes.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>1998 WIPO Academy:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> The Academy was established to provide IP education and training.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>2007 Development Agenda:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> WIPO formally adopted its Development Agenda to integrate development considerations into its work.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">World Intellectual Property Organisation (WIPO) Members<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The WIPO membership comprises 194 Member States, which collectively determine the organisation's direction, programmes, budget and major activities through its decision-making bodies. Criteria for Becoming a WIPO Member.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">A state can become a member of the World Intellectual Property Organisation by depositing an instrument of ratification or accession with the WIPO Director General.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Under the WIPO Convention, membership is open to a state that meets any of the following conditions.<\/span>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The state is a member of the Paris Union for the Protection of Industrial Property or the Berne Union for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The state is a member of the <\/span><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/the-united-nations-un\/\" target=\"_blank\">United Nations<\/a><\/strong><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> or one of its specialised agencies or is a member of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA).<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The state is a party to the Statute of the <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/international-court-of-justice-icj\/\" target=\"_blank\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"><strong>International Court of Justice<\/strong>.<\/span><\/a><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">A state may also become a member of the World Intellectual Property Organisation if it is invited by the WIPO General Assembly to join the organisation.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">World Intellectual Property Organisation (WIPO) Objectives<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The objectives of WIPO centre on creating an international <\/span><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/intellectual-property-rights\/\" target=\"_blank\">intellectual property rights<\/a><\/strong><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u00a0environment that supports innovation, creativity and economic development.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Develop international IP norms and standards:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Facilitate the negotiation and implementation of international treaties and standards governing intellectual property.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Support innovation:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Help innovators and entrepreneurs use IP as an instrument for technological and economic development.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Facilitate cross-border IP protection:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> International filing systems reduce the complexity of seeking protection in multiple countries.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Strengthen developing countries<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">: Provide technical assistance, training and policy support to help countries build effective IP systems.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Providing Reliable IP Data and Analysis:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Make accessible, high-quality and multilingual intellectual property information, statistics and analytical resources available to support policymaking, research and informed decision-making.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Address emerging IP issues:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Provide forums for discussing challenges arising from technologies such as artificial intelligence and other frontier technologies.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">World Intellectual Property Organisation (WIPO) Governance Structure<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The World Intellectual Property Organisation (WIPO) governance structure combines member-state decision-making with a professional secretariat responsible for implementing agreed programmes and activities.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>WIPO General Assembly:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> The World Intellectual Property Organisation General Assembly is one of the principal decision-making bodies through which member states determine the organisation's strategic direction.<\/span>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">WIPO's member states participate in annual assemblies, where strategic and organisational matters are considered.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>WIPO Coordination Committee:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> The Coordination Committee forms part of WIPO's institutional governance and participates in matters concerning the organisation's administration and coordination.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>WIPO Conference:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> It brings together states that are parties to the World Intellectual Property Organisation Convention, regardless of whether they belong to a particular WIPO-administered Union.\u00a0<\/span>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">It discusses matters of general interest in intellectual property, adopts recommendations and approves the Conference's budget and programme for legal and technical assistance.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>WIPO Secretariat:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> The Secretariat implements decisions taken by member states and manages WIPO's programmes and services. It is headed by the Director General.<\/span>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">WIPO's current Director General is Daren Tang, who became Director General in 2020, and his term runs through 2026. He will continue serving as the Director General of the World Intellectual Property Organisation for his second consecutive term till 2032.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Oversight mechanisms:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> WIPO's activities are subject to internal and external oversight, including the Independent Advisory Oversight Committee, External Auditor and Internal Oversight Division.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">World Intellectual Property Organisation (WIPO) Treaties<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The World Intellectual Property Organisation administers treaties that create common international standards, facilitate international IP registration and establish classification systems for organising IP information. The World Intellectual Property Organisation currently <\/span><b>administers 28 treaties,<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> including the WIPO Convention.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>IP Protection Treaties:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> These treaties establish internationally agreed standards for protecting different forms of intellectual property.<\/span>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Examples:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Paris Convention, Berne Convention, WIPO Copyright Treaty, WIPO Performances and Phonograms Treaty, Singapore Treaty and Patent Law Treaty.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Global Protection System Treaties:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> These systems simplify international applications by allowing applicants to seek protection in several participating countries through a centralised filing mechanism.<\/span>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Examples:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Patent Cooperation Treaty (PCT), Madrid Protocol, Hague Agreement, Lisbon Agreement and Budapest Treaty.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Classification Treaties:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> These treaties establish classification systems that make information on inventions, trademarks and industrial designs easier to organise and retrieve.<\/span>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Examples:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Nice Agreement, Locarno Agreement, Strasbourg Agreement and Vienna Agreement<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h3><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">World Intellectual Property Organisation Treaties and Their Purpose<\/span><\/h3>\r\n<table style=\"width: 98.0954%\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td class=\"tb-color\" style=\"width: 21.7007%\"><b>Treaty\/System<\/b><\/td>\r\n<td class=\"tb-color\" style=\"width: 40.1551%\"><b>Main purpose<\/b><\/td>\r\n<td class=\"tb-color\" style=\"width: 35.3386%\"><b>India's Participation\u00a0<\/b><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 21.7007%\">\r\n<p><b>Paris Convention<\/b><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 40.1551%\">\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">International protection of industrial property<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 35.3386%\">\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Acceded in September 1998; in force from 7 December 1998<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 21.7007%\">\r\n<p><b>Berne Convention<\/b><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 40.1551%\">\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Protection of literary and artistic works<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 35.3386%\">\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">India has been a member since 1928<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 21.7007%\">\r\n<p><b>PCT<\/b><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 40.1551%\">\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">International patent filing system<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 35.3386%\">\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Acceded in 1998; in force from 7 December 1998<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 21.7007%\">\r\n<p><b>Madrid Protocol<\/b><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 40.1551%\">\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">International registration of trademarks<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 35.3386%\">\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Acceded in 2013; in force from 8 July 2013<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 21.7007%\">\r\n<p><b>Hague Agreement<\/b><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 40.1551%\">\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">International registration of industrial designs<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 35.3386%\">\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Not a member<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 21.7007%\">\r\n<p><b>Budapest Treaty<\/b><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 40.1551%\">\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">International recognition of microorganism deposits for patent procedure<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 35.3386%\">\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Acceded in 2001; in force from 17 December 2001<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 21.7007%\">\r\n<p><b>Marrakesh Treaty<\/b><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 40.1551%\">\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Improved access to published works for persons who are blind, visually impaired or otherwise print-disabled<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 35.3386%\">\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Ratified in 2014; in force from 30 September 2016<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 21.7007%\">\r\n<p><b>WIPO Copyright Treaty<\/b><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 40.1551%\">\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Copyright protection in the digital environment<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 35.3386%\">\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Acceded in 2018; in force from 25 December 2018<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 21.7007%\">\r\n<p><b>WIPO Performances and Phonograms Treaty<\/b><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 40.1551%\">\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Rights of performers and producers of phonograms<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 35.3386%\">\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Acceded in 2018; in force from 25 December 2018<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 21.7007%\">\r\n<p><b>Nice Agreement<\/b><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 40.1551%\">\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Classification of goods and services for trademark registration<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 35.3386%\">\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Acceded in 2019; in force from 7 September 2019<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 21.7007%\">\r\n<p><b>Locarno Agreement<\/b><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 40.1551%\">\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Classification of industrial designs<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 35.3386%\">\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Acceded in 2019; in force from 7 September 2019<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 21.7007%\">\r\n<p><b>Vienna Agreement<\/b><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 40.1551%\">\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Classification of figurative elements of trademarks<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 35.3386%\">\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Acceded in 2019; in force from 7 September 2019<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<h3><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">World Intellectual Property Organisation (WIPO) Patents<\/span><\/h3>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The World Intellectual Property Organisation and patents are closely connected through the <\/span><b>Patent Cooperation Treaty (PCT). <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The PCT provides a unified international application procedure that allows applicants to seek patent protection in multiple countries through a single international application. However, patents are ultimately granted or refused by national or regional patent offices.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">WIPO Global Innovation Index<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The Global Innovation Index (GII) assesses innovation performance across around 140 economies and identifies the world\u2019s top 100 innovation clusters.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Tracks Trends:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Monitors innovation through investment, technological progress, adoption and socioeconomic outcomes.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Policy Resource:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Provides insights for governments, businesses and researchers to strengthen innovation ecosystems globally.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone  wp-image-29230\" src=\"https:\/\/vajiramias.sgp1.cdn.digitaloceanspaces.com\/wp\/upsc-exam\/2026\/09\/04145809\/WIPO-GII.webp\" alt=\"World Intellectual Property Organisation\" width=\"903\" height=\"508\" srcset=\"https:\/\/vajiramias.sgp1.cdn.digitaloceanspaces.com\/wp\/upsc-exam\/2026\/09\/04145809\/WIPO-GII.webp 960w, https:\/\/vajiramias.sgp1.cdn.digitaloceanspaces.com\/wp\/upsc-exam\/2026\/09\/04145809\/WIPO-GII-768x432.webp 768w, https:\/\/vajiramias.sgp1.cdn.digitaloceanspaces.com\/wp\/upsc-exam\/2026\/09\/04145809\/WIPO-GII-270x152.webp 270w, https:\/\/vajiramias.sgp1.cdn.digitaloceanspaces.com\/wp\/upsc-exam\/2026\/09\/04145809\/WIPO-GII-840x473.webp 840w, https:\/\/vajiramias.sgp1.cdn.digitaloceanspaces.com\/wp\/upsc-exam\/2026\/09\/04145809\/WIPO-GII-410x230.webp 410w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 903px) 100vw, 903px\" \/><\/p>\r\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">World Intellectual Property Organisation (WIPO) and India<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">India's engagement with WIPO operates alongside a comprehensive domestic intellectual property framework covering different forms of IP. India is a party to more than 16 WIPO-administered treaties<\/span><b> a<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">nd has been a member of WIPO <\/span><b>since 1975. Also, m<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">ajor Indian laws in line with WIPO are listed below:<\/span><\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Patents Act, 1970:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Governs patents and patent protection in India.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Copyright Act, 1957:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Protects literary, artistic, musical and other copyrighted works.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Trade Marks Act, 1999:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Regulates registration and protection of trademarks.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Geographical Indications of Goods (Registration and Protection) Act, 1999:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Provides for registration and protection of geographical indications.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Designs Act, 2000:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Protects industrial designs.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Protection of Plant Varieties and Farmers' Rights Act, 2001:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Protects plant varieties while recognising farmers' rights.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Semiconductor Integrated Circuits Layout-Design Act, 2000:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Protects semiconductor integrated circuit layout designs.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Also, the Copyright Office is headquartered in New Delhi, while the Office of the Controller General of Patents, Designs and Trade Marks (CGPDTM) is headquartered in Mumbai and operates through patent and trademark offices in multiple cities.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">WIPO vs WTO\u00a0<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">WIPO and the World Trade Organisation (WTO) both deal with intellectual property rights (IPR), but their mandates are different. Key differences are<\/span><\/p>\r\n<table style=\"width: 87.6159%\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td class=\"tb-color\" style=\"width: 51.6497%\"><b>WIPO<\/b><\/td>\r\n<td class=\"tb-color\" style=\"width: 58.1218%\"><b>WTO<\/b><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 51.6497%\">\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Specialised UN agency<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 58.1218%\">\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">International organisation governing global trade<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 51.6497%\">\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Administers IP treaties<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 58.1218%\">\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Administers TRIPS Agreement<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 51.6497%\">\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Focuses broadly on IP cooperation<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 58.1218%\">\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Links IP protection with international trade<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 51.6497%\">\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Provides registration systems and technical assistance<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 58.1218%\">\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Provides a trade-related enforcement framework<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">WIPO and Traditional Knowledge<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">WIPO plays an important role in developing international approaches to the protection of <\/span><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/traditional-knowledge\/\" target=\"_blank\">traditional knowledge<\/a><\/strong><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> (TK), traditional cultural expressions (TCEs), and genetic resources (GRs). These issues are particularly relevant to developing countries, where traditional knowledge and biological resources may have significant cultural and economic value.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">India has sought to protect traditional knowledge through mechanisms such as the Traditional Knowledge Digital Library (TKDL).<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The TKDL documents traditional medicinal knowledge in a structured format and helps patent authorities identify prior art, thereby helping prevent the grant of inappropriate patents based on already-known traditional knowledge.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">World Intellectual Property Organisation UPSC PYQs<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Q1. Consider the following statements: <\/span><b>(UPSC Prelims 2022)<\/b><\/p>\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> The World Intellectual Property Organisation (WIPO) is a specialised agency of United Nations System of Organisations<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> WIPO has its headquarters at Rome<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> The Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) Agreement is binding on all WTO members<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Least developed country members of WTO are not required to apply the provisions of TRIPS Agreements for a period of 20 years from the general date of application of the Agreement<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Which of these statements are correct?<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">a) 1, 2, 3 and 4<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">b) 2, 3 and 4 only<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">c) 1, 2 and 4 only<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">d) 1 and 3 only<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><strong>Ans: (d)\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>World Intellectual Property Organisation is a specialised agency of the UN that promotes the protection and effective use of intellectual property worldwide. Read about its history, members, treaties and innovation index.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":35,"featured_media":29282,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[38,30],"tags":[40,1033,1981],"class_list":["post-29229","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-upsc-notes","category-upsc-economy-notes","tag-quest","tag-upsc-economy-notes","tag-world-intellectual-property-organisation"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/29229","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/35"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=29229"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/29229\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":29288,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/29229\/revisions\/29288"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/29282"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=29229"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=29229"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=29229"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}