

{"id":2954,"date":"2026-09-09T11:58:09","date_gmt":"2026-09-09T06:28:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/?p=2954"},"modified":"2026-09-09T12:57:32","modified_gmt":"2026-09-09T07:27:32","slug":"world-war-1","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/world-war-1\/","title":{"rendered":"World War 1 (1914 -1918), Causes, Dates, Consequences, Key Events"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><b>World War 1<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, commonly referred to as the <\/span><b>Great War<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, was a devastating worldwide conflict that engulfed the world from <\/span><b>1914 to 1918<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, sparked by the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria. The war's origins can be traced back to the rising tide of <\/span><b>imperialism<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, <\/span><b>nationalism<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, and <\/span><b>militarism <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">that gripped Europe in the late 19th century.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Ethnic tensions escalated as colonial powers fought for dominance over the world, drawing nations into the conflict through a complex web of alliances. The World War 1 began in Europe but quickly escalated, drawing in countries from around the world into a devastating conflict that would claim millions of lives and reshape the global political landscape.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">First World War About<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The <strong>First World War<\/strong>, also known as the Great War, was fought mainly between two major groups: the Allied Powers and Central Powers. The conflict began in Europe but became a global war because the major European powers controlled extensive colonial territories.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">World War 1 Major Alliances<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">World War 1 was fought between two rival global coalitions: the <\/span><b>Allied Powers <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">and the <\/span><b>Central Powers<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">. Over thirty nations eventually joined through imperial networks.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li><b>The Allied Powers:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Countries known as the Allied Powers in World War 1 included Great Britain (including its global empire like India, Canada, Australia), France, and Russia (withdrew in 1917).<\/span>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Italy (switched sides to join in 1915), Japan, and the United States (entered the war in 1917) were the later entrants.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Other key countries included Serbia, Belgium, Romania, and Portugal.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n\t<li><b>The Central Powers: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The Central Powers in World War 1 included countries such as Germany and Austria-Hungary, which formed the primary foundation.<\/span>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Other countries included the Ottoman Empire (joined 1914) and Bulgaria (joined 1915).<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">World War 1 Causes<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">World War I, one of the most devastating conflicts in human history, had its roots in several complex and intertwined factors. The causes of World War 1 can be understood through both long-term structural causes and the immediate trigger.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/imperialism\/\" target=\"_blank\"><b>Imperialism<\/b><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">: The late 19th and early 20th centuries saw a rivalry between established European imperial powers like <\/span><b>Britain, France, and Russia<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, and rising powers like <\/span><b>Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy, and Japan<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">.<\/span>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">These countries were competing fiercely for colonies, economic supremacy, and spheres of influence, fueling tensions.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">By 1900, <\/span><b>Germany's industrial and military rise<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, fueled by iron and steel production, and naval buildup challenging Britain's supremacy, disrupted the European balance of power.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Japan's victory over Russia in 1904-1905 <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">exposed Russian weaknesses and undermined its global standing. The 1905 victory highlighted Asia's rising power to defeat a European empire and fueled unrest leading to the 1917 Russian Revolution.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">After the <\/span><b>1917 <\/b><b>Russian Revolution<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, the Bolshevik government under <\/span><b>Vladimir Lenin<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> withdrew Russia from WWI, citing it as an i<\/span><b>mperialist conflict driven by capitalist interests<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, aiming to end Russia's involvement in what they deemed an <\/span><b>unjust war<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/colonialism\/\" target=\"_blank\"><b>Colonialism<\/b><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">: The <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/industrial-revolution\/\" target=\"_blank\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Industrial Revolution<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> fuelled European powers' <\/span><b>pursuit of colonial expansion for raw materials and markets<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, sparking conflicts over territories and resources.<\/span>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">This race for colonies intensified rivalries and fuelled nationalist sentiments, setting the stage for future confrontations.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">While Germany is generally blamed for World War I, the conflict was ultimately the result of <\/span><b>competing colonial aspirations and rivalries among European powers<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Nationalism and demands of nation-states<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">: The <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/rise-of-nationalism-in-europe\/\" target=\"_blank\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">rise of nationalism<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, both ethnic and linguistic, played a significant role in the outbreak of World War I. Various ethnic groups within Austria-Hungary and the Ottoman Empire aspired to establish their own nation-states.<\/span>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Examples<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">: Czechs, Slovaks, Poles, Serbs, and Croats within the Austro-Hungarian Empire and Armenians, Greeks, and Bulgarians within the Ottoman Empire.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The declining power of the <\/span><b>Ottoman Empire<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> (<\/span><b>the Sick Man of Europe<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">) in the Balkan region created a power vacuum and fueled nationalist aspirations among various ethnic groups within its territories.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">This desire for self-determination led to conflicts, particularly in the Balkan region.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The<\/span><b> Balkan Wars of 1912-1913<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, fought between the Balkan states and the Ottoman Empire, further destabilised the region and set the stage for future conflicts.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Role of Germany<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">: Germany's aggressive pursuit of colonial expansion, naval buildup challenging British supremacy, and unwavering support for Austria-Hungary after the Sarajevo assassination fuelled tensions and escalated the crisis.<\/span>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Furthermore, Germany's calculated risk of a localised war and its underestimation of Russia and France's willingness to intervene contributed significantly to the outbreak of a wider European conflict.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">While Germany was not solely responsible, its actions and miscalculations were critical factors that precipitated the descent into World War I.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h3><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">World War 1 Immediate Cause<\/span><\/h3>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The immediate cause of World War 1 was the <\/span><b>assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> by a Bosnian Serb nationalist on <\/span><b>June 28, 1914<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">This event escalated into a conflict between Austria-Hungary and Serbia, which quickly drew in other powers due to the complex web of alliances and rivalries.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Mutual Defence Alliances<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">: The complex web of alliances like the <\/span><b>Triple Entente (Britain, France, and Russia)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u00a0 and <\/span><b>Triple Alliance (Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u00a0 bound nations through treaty obligations.<\/span>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">When Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia after Sarajevo, Russia had to support its ally, Serbia. Germany then honoured its alliance with Austria-Hungary, leading to declarations of war against Russia and France.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Britain joined to support its Russian and French allies.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">These interlocking alliances divided Europe into opposing camps, transforming a <\/span><b>local crisis into a continent-wide <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">conflagration as countries upheld commitments to respective allies.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">World War 1 Key Events<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Several events laid the foundation for World War 1; some of the key events of World War 1 were:<\/span><\/p>\r\n<table>\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td class=\"tb-color\">\r\n<p><b>Events<\/b><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"tb-color\">\r\n<p><b>Summary<\/b><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>\r\n<p><b>The Moroccan Crisis (1905\u20131906)<\/b><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Germany challenged the understanding between France and Britain over <\/span><b>Egypt and Morocco<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Germany supported the <\/span><b>independence of Morocco<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> and demanded an international conference.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The <\/span><b>Algeciras Conference<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> was held in Spain in January 1906.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Britain, Russia, Italy and Spain supported France, resulting in a <\/span><b>diplomatic defeat for Germany<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>\r\n<p><b>British Agreement with Russia (1907)<\/b><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Britain and Russia settled their differences over <\/span><b>Persia, Afghanistan and Tibet<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The agreement improved relations between the two countries.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Germany saw it as evidence that <\/span><b>Britain, France and Russia were forming a united bloc to encircle Germany<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>\r\n<p><b>The Bosnia Crisis (1908)<\/b><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Austria-Hungary <\/span><b>annexed Bosnia-Herzegovina<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, which had previously been under Ottoman control.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Serbia opposed the annexation and sought Russian support.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Russia protested against Austria-Hungary and increased military preparedness, raising tensions among the great powers.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>\r\n<p><b>The Agadir Crisis (1911)<\/b><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Germany sent a <\/span><b>gunboat to Agadir, Morocco<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, claiming to protect its interests.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">France saw this as a threat to its control over Morocco.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Britain supported France because it feared <\/span><b>German expansion<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> and threats to its colonial interests.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>\r\n<p><b>The First Balkan War (1912\u20131913)<\/b><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li><b>Serbia, Bulgaria, Greece and Montenegro<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> fought to end Ottoman rule in the Balkans.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The Balkan states defeated the Ottoman Empire and took most of its European territories.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Disputes arose over how the conquered territories should be divided.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The war ended with the <\/span><b>Treaty of London (1913)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> but left tensions unresolved.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>\r\n<p><b>The Second Balkan War (1913)<\/b><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Bulgaria, unhappy with its territorial gains, attacked <\/span><b>Serbia and Greece<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Romania and the Ottoman Empire joined against Bulgaria.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Bulgaria was defeated and lost territory under the <\/span><b>Treaty of Bucharest (1913)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The conflict increased tensions in the Balkans, which later became the <\/span><b>immediate region of the World War 1 crisis<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-family: inherit;font-size: 35px;font-style: inherit\">World War 1 Phases<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">World War I unfolded over several distinct phases from <\/span><b>1914 to 1918<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">. This global war, initially centred in Europe, witnessed the participation of major world powers and their colonial empires, resulting in widespread destruction and loss of life on an unprecedented scale.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li><b>Beginning: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The war began on <\/span><b>July 28, 1914<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, with the Austro-Hungarian declaration of war on Serbia after the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li><b>Phase 1: The Opening Campaigns (1914): <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The war began with the Opening Campaigns, marked by the initial German offensive known as the <\/span><b>Schlieffen Plan<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, which aimed to swiftly defeat France before turning against Russia.<\/span>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">This phase witnessed major battles like the<\/span><b> First Battle of the Marne<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> and the <\/span><b>Battle of Tannenberg<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, where the Allied forces halted the German advance, leading to a stalemate and the establishment of <\/span><b>trench warfare<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> along the <\/span><b>Western Front<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n\t<li><b>Phase 2: Stalemate and Attrition (1915-1917): <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The second phase was defined by a <\/span><b>prolonged stalemate and a war of attrition<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, characterised by bloody <\/span><b>battles like Verdun, the Somme, and Gallipoli<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, where both sides suffered immense casualties with little territorial gain.<\/span>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">This phase also saw the <\/span><b>entry of new participants<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, including the <\/span><b>Ottoman <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Empire and <\/span><b>Italy<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, as well as the <\/span><b>withdrawal of Russia<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> following the 1917 Bolshevik Revolution.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n\t<li><b>Phase 3: The Tide Turns (1917-1918): <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The final phase witnessed a crucial turning point with the <\/span><b>entry of the United States <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">on the Allied side in <\/span><b>1917<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">.<\/span>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">This phase also saw the implementation of new military tactics and technologies, such as the <\/span><b>widespread use of tanks and aircraft<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Ultimately, the combined efforts of the Allied powers, coupled with the exhaustion of the Central Powers, led to the defeat of Germany and its allies.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n\t<li><b>End<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">: The war ended on<\/span><b> November 11, 1918<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, with the signing of the Armistice after the defeat of Germany and its allies.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li><b>Multiple fronts:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> The conflict took place on <\/span><b>multiple fronts in Europe, Africa, and Asia<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">. The main fronts were the <\/span><b>Western Front <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">with Germany against Britain, France, and later the U.S., and the <\/span><b>Eastern Front <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">with Russia against Germany and Austria-Hungary.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h3><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Dates of World War 1 and Timeline<\/span><\/h3>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The World War 1 timeline below outlines the major military engagements, political shifts, and turning points of World War I, tracing the war in chronological order from its 1914 spark to the 1919 peace treaty.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<table style=\"width: 89.29%\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td class=\"tb-color\" style=\"width: 28.2714%\">\r\n<p><b>Date<\/b><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"tb-color\" style=\"width: 86.5148%\">\r\n<p><b>Event<\/b><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 28.2714%\">\r\n<p><b>June 28, 1914<\/b><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 86.5148%\">\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Archduke Franz Ferdinand was assassinated in Sarajevo.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 28.2714%\">\r\n<p><b>July 28, 1914<\/b><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 86.5148%\">\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Austria-Hungary declares war on Serbia, starting WWI.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 28.2714%\">\r\n<p><b>September 6, 1914<\/b><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 86.5148%\">\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Marne battle halts German advance; trench warfare begins.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 28.2714%\">\r\n<p><b>November 5, 1914<\/b><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 86.5148%\">\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Allies declare war on the Ottoman Empire.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 28.2714%\">\r\n<p><b>April 22, 1915<\/b><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 86.5148%\">\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">German army initiates chemical warfare at Ypres.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 28.2714%\">\r\n<p><b>April 25, 1915<\/b><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 86.5148%\">\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Allied forces land at Gallipoli, starting a failed campaign.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 28.2714%\">\r\n<p><b>May 7, 1915<\/b><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 86.5148%\">\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">German U-boat sinks British ocean liner <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Lusitania<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, killing 1,200 people.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 28.2714%\">\r\n<p><b>February 21, 1916<\/b><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 86.5148%\">\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">10-month Battle of Verdun begins in France.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 28.2714%\">\r\n<p><b>May 31, 1916<\/b><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 86.5148%\">\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">British and German fleets clash at Jutland.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 28.2714%\">\r\n<p><b>July 1, 1916<\/b><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 86.5148%\">\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Battle of the Somme begins; bloodiest British day.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 28.2714%\">\r\n<p><b>March 15, 1917<\/b><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 86.5148%\">\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Tsar Nicholas II abdicates during the Russian Revolution.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 28.2714%\">\r\n<p><b>April 6, 1917<\/b><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 86.5148%\">\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">United States officially declares war on Germany.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 28.2714%\">\r\n<p><b>November 20, 1917<\/b><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 86.5148%\">\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Battle of Cambrai marks first large-scale tank use.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 28.2714%\">\r\n<p><b>Sept 26 \u2013 Nov 11, 1918<\/b><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 86.5148%\">\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Final Allied Meuse-Argonne offensive clears Western Front.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 28.2714%\">\r\n<p><b>November 11, 1918<\/b><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 86.5148%\">\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Armistice takes effect, ending World War I fighting.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 28.2714%\">\r\n<p><b>June 28, 1919<\/b><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 86.5148%\">\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Treaty of Versailles officially signed by Allied powers.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">World War 1 Consequences<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The war in 1914 was unprecedented in human history, characterised by a general conflict between highly organised states utilising modern technology and resources. Its impacts disrupted the international order that had existed in Europe since the Congress of Vienna in 1815.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li><b>Economic Consequences: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The participating countries in World War I incurred<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400\">high financial costs. Germany and Great Britain spent approximately 60% of their GDP on the war.<\/span>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">To finance the war, countries raised taxes, borrowed money from citizens, and resorted to printing money, leading to <\/span><b>post-war inflation.<\/b><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n\t<li><b>Collapse of Empires<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">: The war led to the fall of four major empires - the Russian Empire, German Empire, Austro-Hungarian Empire, and Ottoman Empire. This paved the way for the emergence of new nation-states and the redrawing of borders.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li><b>Rise of New Nation-States and Territorial Changes<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">: The dissolution of the old empires led to the rise of several new nation-states. These newly formed countries, including <\/span><b>Poland, Czechoslovakia, Yugoslavia, Finland, Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, were largely established along ethnic and nationalist lines.<\/span>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The territorial changes were significant, with the dismantling of the Austro-Hungarian Empire into independent states of Austria, Hungary, Czechoslovakia, and Yugoslavia.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Poland regained territories from Russia and Germany.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Through the<\/span><b> League of Nations mandate system<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, Great Britain and France gained control over former Ottoman territories in the Middle East, such as Palestine, Syria, Lebanon, and Iraq.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n\t<li><b>Weakening of European Powers:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> The war significantly weakened the major European powers, such as Britain, France, and Germany, both economically and militarily. This paved the way for the <\/span><b>rise of new powers<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, such as the<\/span><b> United States and the Soviet Union<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li><b>Rise of Nationalism and Self-Determination<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">: The principle of self-determination, advocated by U.S. President Woodrow Wilson, gained traction, leading to the formation of new nation-states based on ethnic and linguistic identities.<\/span>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">However, this also laid the groundwork for future conflicts as borders were redrawn, leaving some ethnic groups dissatisfied.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n\t<li><b>Social Consequences: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">World War I had a profound impact on society. <\/span><b>Birth rates declined <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">due to the high number of casualties, leaving millions dead, wounded, maimed, and creating widows and orphans.<\/span>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Many civilians lost their land and became refugees, seeking shelter in other countries.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li><b>Women played a crucial role in the workforce,<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> replacing men in factories and offices during the war.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Post-war, many countries <\/span><b>granted women more rights,<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> including the right to vote.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The First World War challenged the dominant role of the upper classes, as the middle and lower classes demanded a say in shaping their countries.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n\t<li><b>International Consequences: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The global order underwent a significant shift, with the <\/span><b>United States <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">establishing itself as a major power and the <\/span><b>Soviet Union<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> (formed after the Russian Revolution) inspiring other nations to adopt Communist ideologies.<\/span>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">This set the stage for the ideological struggle between Capitalism and Communism, known as the <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/cold-war\/\" target=\"_blank\"><b>Cold War<\/b><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, which would shape the world for decades to come.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li><b>The United States<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, having emerged victorious without experiencing war on its own territory, became a prominent global power.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The <\/span><b><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/russian-revolution\/\" target=\"_blank\">Russian Revolution<\/a> of 1917<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> and social unrest in the aftermath of the war fueled protests and created a pre-revolutionary atmosphere in many countries.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Extreme nationalism and fear of Communist revolutions pushed some middle-class populations towards<\/span><b> right-wing extremism and the rise of fascist movements.<\/b><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n\t<li><b>Creation of the League of Nations: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The League of Nations was established as an international diplomatic organization after World War I. Its purpose was to <\/span><b>prevent conflicts and resolve disputes <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">between countries before they escalated into full-scale warfare.<\/span>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The League had <\/span><b>mixed success and served as a precursor to the United Nations, <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">achieving some victories but also facing limitations in its effectiveness.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h3><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">World War 1 Important Treaties<\/span><\/h3>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The end of World War 1 was followed by a series of peace treaties.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<table>\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td class=\"tb-color\">\r\n<p><b>Treaty<\/b><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"tb-color\">\r\n<p><b>Signed With<\/b><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"tb-color\">\r\n<p><b>Key Provisions<\/b><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>\r\n<p><b>Treaty of Versailles<\/b><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Germany<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">- Signed on <\/span><b>June 28, 1919<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, the Treaty of Versailles marked the <\/span><b>official end of World War I<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> and aimed to prevent future conflicts.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">- <strong>Territorial Clauses:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">France regained control of Alsace and Lorraine.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Eupen and Malmedy were transferred to Belgium.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Eastern territories were annexed by Poland, resulting in East Prussia becoming isolated.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Danzig and Memel, former Baltic German cities, were declared as free cities.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Northern Schleswig-Holstein was annexed by Denmark.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Germany lost all its colonies, which were annexed by the victorious powers.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">- <strong>Military Clauses:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The German navy faced drastic limitations.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The German army underwent a dramatic reduction, allowing only 100,000 troops and prohibiting tanks, aircraft, and heavy artillery.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The Rhineland region was demilitarised.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">- <strong>War Reparations:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Germany and its allies were declared responsible for all losses and damages suffered by the Allies, resulting in the imposition of war reparations.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>\r\n<p><b>Treaty of Saint-Germain<\/b><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Austria<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">- Broke up the Austro-Hungarian Empire<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">- Restricted Austria's frontiers to Vienna<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">- Creation of Czechoslovakia from Bohemia and Moravia provinces\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">- Serbia gained control over Bosnia-Herzegovina<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>\r\n<p><b>Treaty of Neuilly<\/b><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Bulgaria<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">- Territorial losses for Bulgaria in favour of Romania, Greece, and Yugoslavia<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>\r\n<p><b>Treaty of Trianon<\/b><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Hungary<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">- Separated Hungary from Austria<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">- Certain Hungarian territories ceded to Romania, Yugoslavia, and Czechoslovakia<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>\r\n<p><b>Treaty of S\u00e8vres\u00a0<\/b><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Ottoman Empire<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">- Imposed harsh conditions on Turkey<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">- Triggered Turkish national rebellion led by Kemal Atat\u00fcrk<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">-This rebellion led to war against Greece, which occupied parts of Anatolia<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>\r\n<p><b>Treaty of Lausanne<\/b><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Turkey<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">- Detached Syria, Palestine, and Mesopotamia from the Ottoman Empire<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">- Ended Turkey's control over Egypt<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">- Eastern Thrace, including Constantinople, remained under Turkish ownership<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">World War 1 and India<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">India, <\/span><b>as a British colony<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, played a crucial role in World War 1, contributing over a million soldiers and significant economic resources to support the Allied war effort. India provided a massive supply of troops, resources, and materials to support the British war effort.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Participation of Indians: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">A large number of Indian soldiers served in the British Indian Army during World War I, fighting in various theatres, including<\/span><b> Europe, Africa, and the Middle Eas<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">t.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Key Battles: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Prominent campaigns involving Indian troops were the <\/span><b>Battle of Gallipoli<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> (1915), the <\/span><b>Mesopotamian Campaign<\/b> <b>(<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">1914-1918), and the <\/span><b>Palestine Campaign <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">(1917-1918).<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>India Gate: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The iconic <\/span><b>India Gate<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> in Delhi was constructed by the British Empire in 1931 to commemorate the casualties of Indians during World War I (and in the Third Anglo-Afghan War).<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Economic Contribution<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">: India's economic resources were heavily exploited by the British to finance the war. India contributed financially through taxes and the purchase of war bonds.<\/span>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Indian industries were geared towards producing essential war materials, such as clothing, equipment, and ammunition.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h3><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">World War I Impact on India<\/span><\/h3>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The First World War (1914\u20131918) fundamentally disrupted India\u2019s economy and society, creating deep financial hardship while accelerating the push for national independence.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Economic Strain:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> The war placed a <\/span><b>heavy economic burden on India<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">. Resources, finances, and manpower were diverted to support the British war effort, leading to <\/span><b>shortages, inflation, and economic hardships<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> for the Indian population.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Nationalist Movement Gained Momentum<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">: India's significant contributions in terms of soldiers, resources, and finances strengthened the demand for self-governance and independence from British rule. The war exposed Indian soldiers to ideas of self-determination and nationalism, further fueling the independence movement.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Political Reforms: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The British government, acknowledging India's contributions, introduced the <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/government-of-india-act-1919\/\" target=\"_blank\"><b>Montagu-Chelmsford Reforms of 1919<\/b><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, which aimed to introduce limited self-governance in India. However, these reforms were deemed inadequate by many Indian leaders, further intensifying the calls for independence.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Rise of <\/b><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/revolutionary-movements-in-india\/\" target=\"_blank\"><b>Revolutionary Movements<\/b><\/a><b>:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> The frustration with British rule and the lack of substantial political reforms led to the rise of revolutionary movements, such as the <\/span><b>Ghadar Party<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> and the <\/span><b>Hindu-Muslim revolutionaries<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, seeking to overthrow British colonial rule <\/span><b>through armed struggle.\u00a0<\/b><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">World War 1 UPSC PYQs<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<p><b>Q1: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">How far is it correct to say that the First World War was fought essentially for the preservation of balance of power?\u00a0 <\/span><b>(UPSC Mains 2024)<\/b><\/p>\r\n<p><b>Q2: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">To what extent can Germany be held responsible for causing the two World Wars? Discuss critically. <\/span><b>(UPSC Mains 2015)<\/b><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>World War 1 (First World War or Great War) was a global conflict centred in Europe and fought around the world. Read about World War 1, Causes, Dates, Consequences.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":3240,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[38,21],"tags":[40,606,180],"class_list":["post-2954","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-upsc-notes","category-upsc-world-history-notes","tag-quest","tag-upsc-world-history-notes","tag-world-war-1-1914-1918"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2954","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2954"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2954\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":29644,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2954\/revisions\/29644"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3240"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2954"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2954"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2954"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}