{"id":31220,"date":"2026-10-23T18:07:00","date_gmt":"2026-10-23T12:37:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/?p=31220"},"modified":"2026-10-23T18:07:00","modified_gmt":"2026-10-23T12:37:00","slug":"smart-cities-mission","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/smart-cities-mission\/","title":{"rendered":"Smart Cities Mission, Objectives, Features, Achievements"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The Smart Cities Mission (SCM) was launched on 25 June 2015 by the Government of India to promote sustainable, inclusive and citizen-centric urban development. Implemented by the Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs (MoHUA), the mission covered 100 selected cities through a competitive selection process. It adopted two major approaches: Area-Based Development (ABD), focusing on the transformation of selected urban areas, and Pan-City solutions, using technology to improve city-wide services.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The Smart Cities Mission (SCM) aimed to strengthen core infrastructure, improve quality of life, enhance urban governance and promote environmental sustainability. Although the mission period concluded on 31 March 2025, completing residual projects, maintaining created assets and ensuring long-term benefits remain important priorities for Indian cities.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Smart Cities Mission Overview<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The Smart Cities Mission aimed to make Indian cities more liveable, inclusive and sustainable. It combined focused area development with technology-enabled city services and a model designed for replication.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs (<\/span><b>MoHUA<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">) implemented the Smart Cities Mission as a <\/span><b>Centrally Sponsored<\/b> <b>Scheme<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">One hundred cities were selected through a competitive process between January 2016 and June 2018.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The Smart Cities Mission aimed to improve core infrastructure and quality of life while encouraging efficient governance, citizen participation and sustainable urban development.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h3><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Smart Cities Mission Key Facts<\/span><\/h3>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Launch date<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">: 25 June 2015<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Main approaches<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">: Area-Based Development (ABD) and Pan-City solutions<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Total Union budget allocation<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">: \u20b947,652 crore (frequently cited around \u20b948,000 crore in initial planning releases).<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Mission closure<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">: 31 March 2025<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">While the official funding and mission period have closed, state and city administrations continue to wrap up a small percentage of pending works, figure out long-term maintenance, and transition the created Special Purpose Vehicles (SPVs).<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Smart Cities Mission Objectives<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The Smart Cities Mission objectives focused on improving essential urban services, creating a cleaner environment and using technology to make city administration more effective and responsive, reflecting the mission\u2019s three broad pillars identified by UN-Habitat: liveability, economic-ability and sustainability. Its major objectives were:<\/span><\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Improve quality of life:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Provide reliable basic services and better public spaces for urban residents.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Strengthen core infrastructure:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Improve water supply, electricity, sanitation, solid-waste management, mobility, public transport, health and education.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Promote inclusive development:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Support affordable housing, safer public spaces and services that address the needs of women, children, older persons and disadvantaged groups.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Use smart solutions:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Apply information technology, data and digital systems to improve service delivery and city management.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Improve urban governance:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Encourage e-governance, interdepartmental coordination and citizen participation.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Support environmental sustainability:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Promote efficient resource use, cleaner urban services and environmentally responsible development.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Create replicable models:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Develop successful local solutions that other cities can adapt to their own needs.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Smart Cities Mission Features<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The Smart Cities Mission combined <\/span><b>Area-Based Development<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> (ABD) for targeted urban transformation with pan-city solutions for technology-driven improvements in city-wide services, supported by dedicated institutions and diverse funding sources.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<h3><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Area-Based Development (ABD)<\/span><\/h3>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The area-based development approach focused investment on a defined area within each selected city. The aim was to create a demonstrative model of improved infrastructure and urban services that can inform development elsewhere. ABD included three approaches:<\/span><\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Retrofitting:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Improving existing built-up areas by upgrading infrastructure and services while retaining much of the existing urban structure.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Redevelopment:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Restructuring selected areas to create better-planned urban spaces and infrastructure.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Greenfield development:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Developing new areas with planned infrastructure and urban services.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h3><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Pan-City smart solutions<\/span><\/h3>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Pan-City projects used technology-based interventions across wider parts of a city.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Examples<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">: intelligent traffic management, digital systems for public services and integrated monitoring of urban infrastructure.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h3><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Core infrastructure and essential services<\/span><\/h3>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The mission\u2019s infrastructure priorities extended beyond digital technology. They included:<\/span><\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Adequate water and electricity supply.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Sanitation and scientific solid-waste management.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Efficient urban mobility and public transport.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Affordable housing, especially for the urban poor.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Reliable IT connectivity and digitalisation.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Good governance and citizen participation.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">A sustainable environment and safer public spaces.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Better access to health and education services.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h3><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Institutional framework<\/span><\/h3>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The mission used national, state and city-level arrangements to approve, coordinate and implement projects.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>National level:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> An <\/span><b>Apex Committee<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> headed by the Secretary, MoHUA looked at proposals, progress and funding.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>State level:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> A high-powered steering committee, led by the chief secretary, guides implementation at the state level.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>City level:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> A Special Purpose Vehicle (SPV) registered under the Companies Act, 2013, with a 50:50 equity shareholding between the State\/UT and the ULB is responsible for project implementation. A <\/span><b>Smart City Advisory Forum<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> provides a platform for representatives, technical experts and local stakeholders to contribute and coordinate.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h3><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Funding and Convergence<\/span><\/h3>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The original mission framework provided for central financial assistance alongside matching contributions from states and <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/urban-local-bodies\/\" target=\"_blank\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"><strong>Urban Local Bodies<\/strong><\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> (ULBs).<\/span><\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Cities were encouraged to mobilise additional funds through their own resources, municipal bonds, private investment and other government programmes.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The mission also promoted convergence with programmes such as<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400\">AMRUT, the Swachh Bharat Mission, Digital India and housing initiatives, enabling projects to connect infrastructure, social services and urban governance.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Smart Cities Mission Achievements<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The Smart Cities Mission has advanced urban infrastructure, digital governance, public safety and essential services. Government reports also highlight its contribution to heritage conservation and sustainable development.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Project completion:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Out of 8,064 total projects worth \u20b91,64,811 crore, 7,790 projects (97%) valued at \u20b91,56,257 crore had been completed as of 31 March 2026.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Digital governance and safety:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> All 100 Smart Cities established <\/span><b>Integrated Command and Control Centres<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> (ICCCs); over 83,000 CCTV cameras supported urban surveillance and public safety.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Water and waste management:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Over 17,000 km of water-supply networks were monitored using SCADA systems, while more than 66 cities used technology-enabled waste-management solutions, including RFID tracking.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Mobility and public spaces:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> More than 1,700 km of smart roads and 1,300 public-space projects were completed; 484 heritage sites were conserved, and market redevelopment initiatives covered 58 cities.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Education and healthcare:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> By March 2025, the mission had supported 9,433 smart classrooms in 71 cities, 41 digital libraries, 172 e-health centres and clinics, and 152 health ATMs.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Sustainable development:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> UN-Habitat mapped the mission\u2019s contribution to 15 of the 17 <\/span><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/sustainable-development-goals\/\" target=\"_blank\">SDGs<\/a><\/strong><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, linking its pillars (liveability, economic-ability and sustainability) to 213 output-outcome indicators across 51 out of 169 SDG targets.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-31222 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/vajiramias.sgp1.cdn.digitaloceanspaces.com\/wp\/upsc-exam\/2026\/10\/23120103\/Smart-Cities-Mission.png\" alt=\"Smart Cities Mission\" width=\"882\" height=\"1109\" srcset=\"https:\/\/vajiramias.sgp1.cdn.digitaloceanspaces.com\/wp\/upsc-exam\/2026\/10\/23120103\/Smart-Cities-Mission.png 1118w, https:\/\/vajiramias.sgp1.cdn.digitaloceanspaces.com\/wp\/upsc-exam\/2026\/10\/23120103\/Smart-Cities-Mission-768x967.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 882px) 100vw, 882px\" \/><\/p>\r\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Smart Cities Mission Limitations<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Despite progress in urban infrastructure and service delivery, the Smart Cities Mission faced limitations in inclusive development, financial sustainability, technology integration, and citizen-centric urban governance.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Area-Based Development (ABD) Bias: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Roughly 80% of the mission's funding was concentrated in Area-Based Development projects, which covered only about 3% to 7% of an average city's area and about 9% of its population.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Weak ULB Capacity: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Only around 25% of Urban Local Bodies possessed trained urban planning staff, leading to poor operational alignment and coordination gaps.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Digital Divide: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Lower internet penetration and digital literacy in smaller urban centres (around 45%) limited public access to smart e-governance services.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Post-mission maintenance:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> The corporate entities created Special Purpose Vehicles (SPVs) to fast-track these projects, which were built for rapid execution, not for multi-decade municipal operations.<\/span>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">As the mission officially closes, a massive funding and accountability gap emerges.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Without dedicated revenue models, cash-strapped Urban Local Bodies (ULBs) struggle to afford the high licensing, operation, and maintenance (O&amp;M) costs of advanced systems.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Financial sustainability:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Reliance on additional funding from State\/ULB resources, municipal borrowing and other sources made local financial capacity important for continuing services and maintaining assets.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Local suitability and citizen use:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> A technology-led project may not succeed unless it fits mobility patterns and residents\u2019 preferences.<\/span>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Example<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">: A cycle-track project was considered unsuitable in its original form because cycling was not widely accepted as transport, leading to repurposing. This is a city-level lesson, not evidence of a mission-wide failure.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Smart Cities Mission Way Forward<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">There is a need to preserve the mission\u2019s completed assets, finish residual projects and extend successful local innovations. Stronger municipal capacity, inclusive planning and transparent performance monitoring are essential for lasting urban transformation.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Complete residual projects:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> State governments, ULBs and SPVs should ensure that ongoing works are completed and handed over with clear operational responsibilities.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Secure long-term maintenance:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Each asset should have an operation-and-maintenance plan, identified funding and a responsible department or agency.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Scale successful models:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Use evidence from ABD projects to replicate useful approaches in other neighbourhoods, while adapting them to local conditions.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Strengthen urban local bodies:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Improve municipal technical expertise, planning capacity, own-source revenue and ability to maintain infrastructure.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Promote neighbourhood-led planning:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Involve residents, vulnerable groups, local businesses and community organisations in prioritising needs and evaluating outcomes. UN-Habitat emphasises neighbourhood-led planning and decentralised governance as valuable lessons from India\u2019s urban transformation initiatives.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Ensure sustainable digital governance:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Keep Integrated Command and Control Centres (ICCCs) operational beyond the mission period through sustainable business and maintenance plans, robust <\/span><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/cyber-security\/\" target=\"_blank\">cybersecurity<\/a><\/strong><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, responsible data governance, system interoperability and trained personnel.<\/span>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Use the ICCC Maturity Assessment Framework (IMAF 2.0) to assess operational maturity and identify improvements.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Use outcome-based evaluation:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Assess projects through service quality, accessibility, safety, environmental performance and user experience, not only money spent or projects completed.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Smart Cities Mission UPSC PYQs<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<p><b>Q1.<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> How does smart city in India address the issues of urban poverty and distributive justice? (<\/span><b>Mains 2025<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">)<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><b>Q2.<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> What are \u2018Smart Cities\u2019? Examine their relevance for urban development in India. Will it increase rural-urban differences? Give arguments for \u2018Smart Villages\u2019 in the light of PURA and RURBAN Mission. (<\/span><b>Mains 2016<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">)<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><b>Q3.<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Which of the following statements is\/are correct regarding Smart India Hackathon 2017? (<\/span><b>Prelims 2017<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">)<\/span><\/p>\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> It is a centrally sponsored scheme for developing every city of our country into <\/span><b>Smart Cities<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> in a decade.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> It is an initiative to identify new digital technology innovations for solving the many problems faced by our country.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> It is a programme aimed at making all the financial transactions in our country completely digital in a decade.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Select the correct answer using the code given below:<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">(a) 1 and 3 only<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">(b) 2 only<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">(c) 3 only<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">(d) 2 and 3 only<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><b>Ans: (b)<\/b><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The Smart Cities Mission (SCM) was a flagship urban renewal and retrofitting programme launched by the Government of India on June 25, 2015 under MoHUA. Read about its features and achievements.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":35,"featured_media":31257,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[38,25],"tags":[40,2140,624],"class_list":["post-31220","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-upsc-notes","category-upsc-indian-society-notes","tag-quest","tag-smart-cities-mission","tag-upsc-indian-society-notes"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/31220","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/35"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=31220"}],"version-history":[{"count":8,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/31220\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":31246,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/31220\/revisions\/31246"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/31257"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=31220"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=31220"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=31220"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}