{"id":31305,"date":"2026-10-26T16:05:14","date_gmt":"2026-10-26T10:35:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/?p=31305"},"modified":"2026-10-26T16:05:14","modified_gmt":"2026-10-26T10:35:14","slug":"pm-awas-yojana","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/pm-awas-yojana\/","title":{"rendered":"PM Awas Yojana (PMAY), Features, Achievements, PMAY 2.0"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">PM Awas Yojana (PMAY) is a flagship housing scheme launched by the Government of India in 2015 under the 'Housing for All' mission to provide all-weather pucca houses with basic civic amenities to eligible rural and urban households. Addressing severe housing shortages across the country, the mission focuses on Economically Weaker Sections (EWS), Low Income Groups (LIG), Middle Income Groups (MIG), slum dwellers, and rural houseless families.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">PM Awas Yojana operates through two distinct tracks: PMAY-Urban under the Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs (MoHUA) and PMAY-Gramin under the Ministry of Rural Development. Recently revamped as PM Awas Yojana 2.0 for 2024-2029, the scheme aims to build three crore additional affordable homes across India.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">PM Awas Yojana Background<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">India\u2019s public housing initiatives evolved from post-Independence rehabilitation and rural housing programmes to a more integrated, beneficiary-oriented approach.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The Indira Awaas Yojana (IAY) was launched in 1985, was made an independent programme in 1996 and was restructured as PM Awas Yojana - Gramin from 1 April 2016 to improve beneficiary selection, housing quality and implementation.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">PMAY-Urban was launched on 25 June 2015, building on earlier urban housing initiatives such as JNNURM and Rajiv Awas Yojana (RAY).<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">PM Awas Yojana Objectives<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Objectives of PM Awas Yojana focus on improving property affordability amidst rising land prices, rehabilitating urban slums, and ensuring dignified, disaster-resilient shelter equipped with basic civic infrastructure for all.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Eliminating Housing Shortage:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> The primary objective of the PM Awas Yojana is to replace dilapidated \u2018kutcha houses\u2019 with all-weather \u2018pucca houses\u2019 across all statutory towns and rural Gram Panchayats for families without a pucca home anywhere in India.<\/span>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">It is supported by beneficiary identification, Direct Benefit Transfer (DBT), geo-tagged monitoring and convergence with other welfare schemes.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>In-Situ Slum Rehabilitation:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> The mission seeks to increase the value of urban land by helping eligible slum residents improve their living conditions on the same land they currently occupy. This is done through collaboration with private developers, using land as a key resource.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Credit-Linked Affordability:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> By offering interest subsidies on institutional home loans, the scheme lowers Equated Monthly Instalments (EMIs) and expands formal housing credit access for EWS, LIG, and MIG households.<\/span>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The original Credit Linked Subsidy Scheme (CLSS) under PMAY 1.0 and the Interest Subsidy Scheme (ISS) under PMAY-U 2.0 differ significantly in their subsidy disbursement, income coverage, loan limits, and property parameters.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Empowering Women:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> A key social goal of the PM Awas Yojana is to enhance women's control over household assets by requiring that houses be registered in the name of the female head of the household or jointly with her husband.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Sustainable Habitat Development:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Beyond four walls, the PM Awas Yojana ensures access to water, sanitation, electricity, and clean cooking fuel while promoting green, climate-resilient construction technologies across varied geo-climatic zones.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">PM Awas Yojana Features<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">PM Awas Yojana combines demand-driven planning, mandatory female asset ownership, geo-tagged Direct Benefit Transfers, innovative building technologies, and multi-ministerial convergence to deliver holistic, transparent housing welfare.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Hybrid Funding Mechanism:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> While the Credit Linked Subsidy \/ Interest Subsidy vertical operates as a 100% centrally funded Central Sector Scheme, other verticals function as Centrally Sponsored Schemes with Centre-State cost sharing.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Clear Beneficiary Definition:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> A beneficiary family comprises a husband, wife, and unmarried children who do not own a pucca house in any part of India.<\/span>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">For PMAY Urban, an adult earning member (regardless of marital status) can be treated as a separate household provided they do not own a pucca house in their name.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Priority to Vulnerable Groups:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> The guidelines mandate preference for Scheduled Castes (SCs), Scheduled Tribes (STs), OBCs, minorities, Persons with Disabilities (PwDs), senior citizens, single women, widows, and transgender individuals.<\/span>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Benefits remain subject to the applicable scheme criteria.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Technology &amp; Safety Standards:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Houses must comply with the National Building Code (NBC) and Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS), supported by the Global Housing Technology Challenge \u2013 India (GHTC-India) and Light House Projects.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Digital Monitoring &amp; Transparency:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> CLAP is associated with processing and tracking subsidy applications in real time under the CLSS framework; Bhuvan and AwaasSoft are particularly relevant to monitoring rural housing construction to prevent leakages before releasing Direct Benefit Transfer (DBT) instalments.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Inter-Scheme Convergence:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> PMAY converges with Swachh Bharat Mission (toilets), Jal Jeevan Mission and AMRUT (tap water), PM Ujjwala Yojana (LPG connections), PM Surya Ghar: Muft Bijli Yojana (rooftop solar), PM-JANMAN (pucca homes for Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups) and rural wage schemes for 90-95 days of unskilled labour support.<\/span>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Convergence depends on the relevant programme's eligibility and implementation arrangements.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">PM Awas Yojana 2.0<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">PM Awas Yojana 2.0 is the revamped five-year phase (FY 2024-25 to FY 2028-29) approved by the Union Cabinet to construct three crore additional rural and urban houses.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<h3><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">PMAY-Urban 2.0 Verticals<\/span><\/h3>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The PMAY-Urban 2.0 initiative entails a total investment of \u20b910 lakh crore, with government assistance of \u20b92.30-2.50 lakh crore, to support one crore urban poor and middle-class families. This includes specific support for Safai Karmacharis and street vendors through the <\/span><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/pm-svanidhi-scheme\/\" target=\"_blank\">PM SVANidhi<\/a><\/strong><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Scheme, artisans under the PM Vishwakarma Scheme, Anganwadi workers, and construction workers across four components:<\/span><\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Beneficiary-Led Construction (BLC):<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> EWS families (annual income up to \u20b93 lakh) receive up to \u20b92.5 lakh in financial assistance to construct new all-weather pucca houses of up to 45 sq. m carpet area on their own land.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Affordable Housing in Partnership (AHP):<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Public and private agencies construct EWS flats (30-45 sq. m carpet area), with Central and State governments jointly providing up to \u20b92.5 lakh assistance per flat.<\/span>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">BLC and AHP funding is shared: \u20b91.50 lakh from the Centre and a minimum of \u20b91 lakh from the State in general states; \u20b92.25 lakh from the Centre and \u20b90.25 lakh from the State in NE\/Hill states and the UTs of Delhi, J&amp;K, and Puducherry; and \u20b92.50 lakh from the Centre in other UTs.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Affordable Rental Housing (ARH):<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Targets EWS (income \u2264 \u20b93 lakh) and LIG (income up to \u20b96 lakh) urban migrants, working women, and industrial workers requiring short-term rental homes equipped with creches and health centres.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Interest Subsidy Scheme (ISS):<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Offers a 4% interest subsidy on the first \u20b98 lakh of home loans (up to a \u20b925 lakh loan for properties worth up to \u20b935 lakh and a 120 sq. m area), providing a maximum benefit of \u20b91.80 lakh across EWS (up to \u20b93L), LIG (up to \u20b96L), and MIG (up to \u20b99L) segments.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-31307 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/vajiramias.sgp1.cdn.digitaloceanspaces.com\/wp\/upsc-exam\/2026\/10\/26115752\/PMAY-2.0-2.png\" alt=\"PM Awas Yojana\" width=\"866\" height=\"775\" srcset=\"https:\/\/vajiramias.sgp1.cdn.digitaloceanspaces.com\/wp\/upsc-exam\/2026\/10\/26115752\/PMAY-2.0-2.png 1326w, https:\/\/vajiramias.sgp1.cdn.digitaloceanspaces.com\/wp\/upsc-exam\/2026\/10\/26115752\/PMAY-2.0-2-768x687.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 866px) 100vw, 866px\" \/><\/p>\r\n<h3><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">PM Awas Yojana Gramin Phase II<\/span><\/h3>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The PM Awas Yojana Gramin Phase II continues rural housing support from FY 2024-25 to FY 2028-29 with a target of <\/span><b>2 crore additional pucca houses<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> with a minimum of 25 sq. m carpet area with hygienic cooking space, providing unit assistance of \u20b91.20 lakh in plain areas (60:40 Centre-State funding share) and \u20b91.30 lakh in North-Eastern and Himalayan states and the UTs of Jammu &amp; Kashmir and Ladakh (90:10 Centre-State funding share).<\/span><\/p>\r\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">PM Awas Yojana Rural vs PM Awas Yojana Urban<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<table style=\"width: 95.9916%\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td class=\"tb-color\" style=\"width: 13.7275%\"><b>Aspect<\/b><\/td>\r\n<td class=\"tb-color\" style=\"width: 39.7585%\"><b>PMAY Gramin (Rural)<\/b><\/td>\r\n<td class=\"tb-color\" style=\"width: 41.7045%\"><b>PMAY Urban<\/b><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 13.7275%\">\r\n<p><b>Launch &amp; Origin<\/b><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 39.7585%\">\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Launched on 1 April 2016 by revamping the earlier Indira Awaas Yojana<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 41.7045%\">\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Launched on 25 June 2015, replacing the Rajiv Awas Yojana<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 13.7275%\">\r\n<p><b>Nodal Ministry<\/b><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 39.7585%\">\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Ministry of Rural Development<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 41.7045%\">\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 13.7275%\">\r\n<p><b>Where It Applies<\/b><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 39.7585%\">\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">All rural Gram Panchayat areas across India, except Delhi and Chandigarh<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 41.7045%\">\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Statutory towns, notified planning areas, and zones under development authorities<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 13.7275%\">\r\n<p><b>Funding Pattern<\/b><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 39.7585%\">\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Centrally Sponsored Scheme: Cost is shared 60:40 between Centre and States in plains, 90:10 in North-Eastern states, Himalayan states, and J&amp;K, and 100% by the Centre in UTs without a legislature<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 41.7045%\">\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Hybrid Model: Most components are Centrally Sponsored, except the Interest Subsidy Scheme (ISS), which is a 100% centrally funded central sector component.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 13.7275%\">\r\n<p><b>How Assistance Works<\/b><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 39.7585%\">\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Money is sent directly to the beneficiary's bank or post-office account (DBT) in geo-tagged stages as they build their house<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 41.7045%\">\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Works through four routes under PMAY-U 2.0: Beneficiary-Led Construction (BLC), Affordable Housing in Partnership (AHP), Affordable Rental Housing (ARH), and Interest Subsidy on Home Loans (ISS).<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 13.7275%\">\r\n<p><b>Who Is Eligible<\/b><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 39.7585%\">\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Houseless rural families and those living in zero, one, or two-room kutcha houses, provided monthly household income does not exceed \u20b915,000<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 41.7045%\">\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Families without a pucca house anywhere in India from the EWS (income up to \u20b93 lakh), LIG (\u20b93-6 lakh), and MIG (\u20b96-9 lakh, for loan subsidy) groups, including slum dwellers, street vendors, and artisans<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 13.7275%\">\r\n<p><b>How Beneficiaries Are Chosen<\/b><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 39.7585%\">\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Identified using SECC 2011 and the Awaas+ 2024 survey (with Aadhaar face authentication and 10 exclusion criteria), then verified by the Gram Sabha<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 41.7045%\">\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Demand-driven: eligible families apply online through the Unified PMAY-U 2.0 Portal, followed by municipal verification and geo-tagging on the Bhuvan app.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 13.7275%\">\r\n<p><b>Financial Support per House<\/b><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 39.7585%\">\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u20b91.20 lakh in plains and \u20b91.30 lakh in hilly\/NE states, J&amp;K, and Ladakh. Families also get \u20b912,000 for a toilet, 90-95 days of rural wage support, and an optional loan up to \u20b970,000 at 3% lower interest.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 41.7045%\">\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Up to \u20b92.50 lakh per unit for construction (BLC\/AHP), or a 4% interest subsidy on the first \u20b98 lakh of a home loan (up to \u20b91.80 lakh maximum benefit) under ISS<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 13.7275%\">\r\n<p><b>House Size (Carpet Area)<\/b><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 39.7585%\">\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">At least 25 sq. metres, including a clean cooking space<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 41.7045%\">\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">30-45 sq. metres for EWS houses under BLC\/AHP, and up to 120 sq. metres for homes bought under the loan subsidy scheme<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 13.7275%\">\r\n<p><b>Women's Ownership<\/b><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 39.7585%\">\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Mandatory in both: the house must be allotted in the name of the female head or jointly with her husband, unless there is no adult woman in the family.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 41.7045%\">\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Mandatory on the same terms \u2013 in practice, 97% of houses sanctioned under PMAY-U 2.0 are in women's names or jointly owned.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 13.7275%\">\r\n<p><b>Phase 2.0 Goal (2024-29)<\/b><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 39.7585%\">\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Build 2 crore more rural houses (towards a total target of 4.95 crore) with an outlay of \u20b93,06,137 crore<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 41.7045%\">\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Build or support 1 crore more urban houses with \u20b92.30-2.50 lakh crore in government assistance.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 13.7275%\">\r\n<p><b>Progress So Far (2026)<\/b><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 39.7585%\">\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">3.91 crore houses sanctioned and 3.12 crore completed across Phases I and II as of August 2026<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 41.7045%\">\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Over 1.27 crore houses were sanctioned (including 20.80 lakh under Phase 2.0), and 1.01 crore were completed as of October 2026<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">PM Awas Yojana Achievements<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">PM Awas Yojana reflects massive physical and financial progress over the last decade, sanctioning over 1.25 crore urban houses and delivering more than 1 crore completed urban homes.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Milestone Urban Completions:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Across PMAY-U and PMAY-U 2.0, over 1.27 crore houses have been sanctioned, and 1.01 crore urban houses have been completed and delivered, backed by \u20b91,80,582 crore in released central assistance.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Strong PMAY-U 2.0 Rollout:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> On the PMAY-U 2.0 portal, 34 states\/UTs have signed Memorandums of Agreement (MoAs), recording a demand of 71.55 lakh houses across 5,206 towns and sanctioning 20.8 lakh new houses as of October 2026.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Rural Housing Transformation:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Under PMAY-G (Phases I &amp; II), against an allocated target of 4.18 crore houses (out of the cumulative 4.95 crore target by 2029), 3.91 crore houses have been sanctioned and 3.12 crore all-weather houses completed as of August 2026, supported by over \u20b94.03 lakh crore in fund transfers.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Gender Empowerment in Practice:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Over 1 crore urban homes overall and 97% (20.16 lakh of 20.80 lakh) of houses sanctioned under PMAY-U 2.0 are allotted in the name of women or under joint ownership.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Migrant Welfare via ARHCs:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> The operationalisation of Affordable Rental Housing Complexes (ARHCs) converted vacant government-funded housing into dignified rental spaces for informal workers and urban migrants near industrial hubs.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-31308 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/vajiramias.sgp1.cdn.digitaloceanspaces.com\/wp\/upsc-exam\/2026\/10\/26120113\/PMAY-2.0.png\" alt=\"PM Awas Yojana\" width=\"863\" height=\"998\" srcset=\"https:\/\/vajiramias.sgp1.cdn.digitaloceanspaces.com\/wp\/upsc-exam\/2026\/10\/26120113\/PMAY-2.0.png 1166w, https:\/\/vajiramias.sgp1.cdn.digitaloceanspaces.com\/wp\/upsc-exam\/2026\/10\/26120113\/PMAY-2.0-768x889.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 863px) 100vw, 863px\" \/><\/p>\r\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">PM Awas Yojana Challenges<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Challenges of PM Awas Yojana include urban land scarcity, exclusion of slums on private land, high beneficiary cost contributions, banking reluctance toward informal workers, and delayed state matching grants.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Exclusion of Private Land Slums:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Official PMAY-U guidelines explicitly restrict slums situated on private land from receiving central assistance for rehabilitation, leaving millions of vulnerable slum dwellers uncovered.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Land Title Bottlenecks in BLC:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Since Beneficiary Led Construction (BLC) accounts for over 80% of urban demand, families living in unregularised settlements without clear legal land titles (pattas) cannot avail construction subsidies.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>High Beneficiary Contribution Burden:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> In urban areas, while government assistance caps at \u20b92.5 lakh, total construction costs reach \u20b96-8 lakh or more due to material inflation, forcing poor households into informal debt.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Formal Credit Exclusion:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Primary Lending Institutions (PLIs) and commercial banks remain hesitant to extend home loans to EWS and informal workers lacking salary slips, Income Tax Returns (ITRs), or formal credit scores.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Peripheral Location of AHP Projects:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> High inner-city land costs push public and private agencies to build Affordable Housing in Partnership (AHP) units on distant urban peripheries lacking public transit and livelihood links, resulting in unallotted or vacant flats.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">PM Awas Yojana Way Forward<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The PM Awas Yojana demands transitioning from a standalone construction scheme to a sustainable housing ecosystem through land titling reforms, transit-oriented zoning, and inclusive micro-mortgage frameworks.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Unlocking Urban Land and Tenurial Rights:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> States must replicate models like Odisha's JAGA Mission and converge rural housing with the SVAMITVA Scheme to grant clear land titles, enabling landless EWS families to access BLC benefits.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Operationalising the Expanded Credit Risk Guarantee:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Effectively utilising the Credit Risk Guarantee Fund Trust (CRGFT) for low-income housing will incentivise banks and Housing Finance Companies (HFCs) to lend to informal workers without rigid collateral.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Transit-Oriented Inclusionary Zoning:<\/b> <a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/urban-local-bodies\/\" target=\"_blank\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"><strong>Urban Local Bodies<\/strong><\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> (ULBs) must mandate reservation of land for EWS\/LIG housing near metro corridors and commercial zones in Master Plans to prevent livelihood disruption.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Scaling Up Rental Housing Ecosystems:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Considering the growing movement of people from rural to urban areas, states should provide viability gap funding and property tax incentives to private companies to expand the Affordable Rental Housing sector.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Mainstreaming Green Building Codes:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Expanding GHTC-India technologies and passive cooling designs will ensure new housing stock protects low-income families from intensifying urban heat island effects and climate disasters.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">PM Awas Yojana UPSC PYQs<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<p><b>Q1.<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Development and welfare schemes for the vulnerable, by its nature, are discriminatory in approach.\u201d Do you agree? Give reasons for your answer. (<\/span><b>Mains 2023<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">)<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><b>Q2.<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Performance of welfare schemes that are implemented for vulnerable sections is not so effective due to the absence of their awareness and active involvement at all stages of policy process. Discuss. (<\/span><b>Mains 2019<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">)<\/span><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>PM Awas Yojana is a government housing scheme providing pucca houses to the rural and urban poor. Check out more about PM Awas Yojana\u2019s features, objectives, components and achievements.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":35,"featured_media":31320,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[38,28],"tags":[2148,40,634],"class_list":["post-31305","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-upsc-notes","category-upsc-social-justice-notes","tag-pm-awas-yojana","tag-quest","tag-upsc-social-justice-notes"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/31305","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/35"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=31305"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/31305\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":31325,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/31305\/revisions\/31325"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/31320"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=31305"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=31305"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=31305"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}