{"id":3745,"date":"2026-03-04T10:52:30","date_gmt":"2026-03-04T05:22:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/?p=3745"},"modified":"2026-03-10T12:09:33","modified_gmt":"2026-03-10T06:39:33","slug":"social-reformers","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/social-reformers\/","title":{"rendered":"Famous Social Reformers of India and their Contributions"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><b>Social Reformers of India:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> The 19th century in India witnessed the emergence of remarkable <\/span><b>socio-religious reform <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">leaders who spearheaded significant changes in society. Raja Ram Mohan Roy, Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar, Swami Dayanand Saraswati, and Sayyid Ahmed Khan and females like Savitribai Phule, Pandita Ramabai, Sister Nivedita etc were prominent figures who championed social justice, rationality, and progress. They passionately challenged outdated customs and practices, such as <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Sati<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, child marriage, and discrimination against women.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">These reformers advocated for widow remarriage, women's education, and the promotion of critical thinking. Through their efforts and socio-religious movements like the <\/span><b>Brahmo Samaj <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">and <\/span><b>Arya Samaj<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, they laid the groundwork for a more inclusive and enlightened India, fostering ideals of social equality, education, and religious tolerance that continue to resonate in the country's cultural fabric.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Social Reformers Overview<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<p><b>Social reform<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> refers to movements started by members of a community who aim to bring about positive changes in their society. These reforms often focus on fairness and seek to address injustices faced by specific groups. Throughout history, many individuals have dedicated their entire lives to improving society. With a clear mission and vision, these individuals came to be known as <\/span><b>\"Social Reformers.\"<\/b><\/p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">In India, people have always spoken out against injustice. There are countless examples of social reform movements that have challenged outdated practices and pushed for a more just society. A reform movement is different from a revolution. While revolutions seek rapid and radical change, reform movements aim for gradual improvements in specific areas of society.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">List of Social Reformers of India<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The contributions of visionary social reformers like Raja Ram Mohan Roy, Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar, and Swami Dayanand Saraswati were instrumental in shaping the modern Indian Renaissance during the 19th century.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">These trailblazing leaders spearheaded significant social, educational, and religious reforms, challenging oppressive customs and advocating for equality, women's rights, widow remarriage, and the promotion of rational education.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Their enduring impact continues to resonate in India's pursuit of social justice, inclusivity, and progress.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h3><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Raja Ram Mohan Roy<\/span><\/h3>\r\n<p><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/raja-ram-mohan-roy\/\" target=\"_blank\">Raja Ram Mohan Roy<\/a><\/strong><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, born in 1774 in Bengal, was a pioneer of social reform in India. He strongly opposed <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Sati<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, child marriage, polygamy, and the caste system<\/span><b>.<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Known as the <\/span><b>Father of the Indian Renaissance<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, he advocated women's rights, modern thinking, and travelled to the UK to support the Sati ban.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Roy promoted scientific education by founding institutions like Hindu College and Vedanta College.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">He established the <\/span><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/brahmo-samaj\/\" target=\"_blank\">Brahmo Samaj<\/a><\/strong><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> to encourage monotheism and reject religious orthodoxy.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">A supporter of free speech, he launched newspapers like<\/span> <b><i>Sambad Kaumudi<\/i><\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> and <\/span><b><i>Mirat-ul-Akhbar<\/i><\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> to voice reformist views and resist colonial press censorship.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-10451\" src=\"https:\/\/d35xcwcl37xo08.cloudfront.net\/upsc-exam-wp-uploads\/2025\/04\/Raja-Ram-Mohan-Roy.webp\" alt=\"Raja Ram Mohan Roy\" width=\"345\" height=\"561\" \/><\/p>\r\n<h3><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar<\/span><\/h3>\r\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/ishwar-chandra-vidyasagar\/\" target=\"_blank\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"><strong>Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar<\/strong><\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, born in 1820 in Bengal, was a pioneering educationist and social reformer. He played a vital role in modernising traditional education and uplifting the status of women in Indian society. His reforms were rooted in rational thought, compassion, and deep knowledge of the scriptures.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Introduced Western subjects like Science, Philosophy, and History at Sanskrit College.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Reformed admission policies and promoted teacher training through the Normal School.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Opened 35 girls\u2019 schools and supported the founding of <\/span><b>Bethune School,<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> India\u2019s first permanent girls\u2019 school.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Advocated for the <\/span><b>Hindu Widows\u2019 Remarriage Act <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">(1856) using scriptural evidence.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Strongly opposed to social injustices like child marriage and caste-based discrimination<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone  wp-image-10457\" src=\"https:\/\/d35xcwcl37xo08.cloudfront.net\/upsc-exam-wp-uploads\/2025\/04\/Ishwar-Chandra-Vidyasagar.webp\" alt=\"Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar\" width=\"330\" height=\"403\" \/><\/p>\r\n<h3><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Swami Dayanand Saraswati<\/span><\/h3>\r\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/dayanand-saraswati\/\" target=\"_blank\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"><strong>Dayanand Saraswati<\/strong><\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> was a prominent social and religious reformer who founded the Arya Samaj in 1875 to purify Hinduism and revive Vedic values. The Arya Samaj promoted love, justice, righteousness, eradication of ignorance (Avidya), and spread of knowledge (Vidya).<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"><br \/>\r\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">It encouraged questioning blind rituals and superstitions not rooted in the Vedas.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The <\/span><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/arya-samaj\/\" target=\"_blank\">Arya Samaj<\/a><\/strong><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> actively advocated for widow remarriage and women's education, seeking to eliminate discriminatory practices and provide equal opportunities for women.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Dayanand stressed the importance of education for both men and women in fostering social progress.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Dayanand propounded the idea of \u201c<\/span><b>Suddhi<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u201d, that the individuals who had converted to other religions should reconvert to<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Hinduism.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">After his death, his disciples founded the DAV College Trust to spread Vedic education.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone  wp-image-10455\" src=\"https:\/\/d35xcwcl37xo08.cloudfront.net\/upsc-exam-wp-uploads\/2025\/04\/Swami-Dayanand-Saraswati.webp\" alt=\"Swami Dayanand Saraswati\" width=\"320\" height=\"400\" \/><\/p>\r\n<h3><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Sayyid Ahmed Khan (1817-1898)<\/span><\/h3>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Sayyid Ahmad Khan (1817\u20131898) was a pioneering Muslim social reformer who sought to reconcile Islam with modern scientific thought. Deeply influenced by the Revolt of 1857, he emphasized rational interpretation of the Quran, rejecting blind adherence to tradition.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">He promoted critical thinking, modern education, and social reforms, especially focusing on women's upliftment by opposing purdah, polygamy, and advocating female education.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">In 1875, he founded the Mohammedan Anglo-Oriental College, which later became <\/span><b>Aligarh Muslim University<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, to advance modern learning among Muslims.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Initially a proponent of Hindu-Muslim unity, he later grew cautious of the Congress-led national movement, fearing Hindu dominance due to demographic and educational disparities.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">His later views influenced the<\/span><b> two-nation theory.<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Sayyid Ahmad Khan\u2019s legacy lies in his advocacy for intellectual freedom, scientific education, and progressive reform in Muslim society.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p><b><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone  wp-image-10453\" src=\"https:\/\/d35xcwcl37xo08.cloudfront.net\/upsc-exam-wp-uploads\/2025\/04\/Sayyid-Ahmed-Khan.webp\" alt=\"Sayyid Ahmed Khan\" width=\"360\" height=\"360\" \/><\/b><b><\/b><\/p>\r\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Female Social Reformers of India<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The important female social reformers of nineteenth-century India were Savitribai Phule, Annie Besant, Pandita Ramabai, Tarabai Shinde, Ramabai Ranade, Fatima Sheikh, Swarnakumari Devi, Sister Nivedita, Kadambini Ganguly, Pandita Ramabai, etc. Their developments are explained below.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<h3><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Savitribai Phule<\/span><\/h3>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Savitribai Phule<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> was a pioneering social reformer, educator, and poet who played a key role in women's empowerment in India. In 1848, she and her husband <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/jyotiba-phule\/\" target=\"_blank\"><b>Jyotiba Phule<\/b><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> started India\u2019s first girls\u2019 school in Pune, where she became the first female teacher in the country.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">They also established schools for oppressed communities like the Mang and Mahar castes, challenging caste-based discrimination.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">She also established Balhatya Pratibandhak Griha, a shelter for pregnant widows, showing her commitment to vulnerable women.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Savitribai was actively involved in the <\/span><b>Satyashodhak Samaj<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, a social reform movement started by her husband.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">As a poet, she published works like Kavya Phule and Bavan Kashi Subodh Ratnakar, focusing on social justice and human dignity.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h3><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone  wp-image-10452\" src=\"https:\/\/d35xcwcl37xo08.cloudfront.net\/upsc-exam-wp-uploads\/2025\/04\/Savitribai-Phule.webp\" alt=\"Savitribai Phule\" width=\"257\" height=\"366\" srcset=\"https:\/\/d35xcwcl37xo08.cloudfront.net\/upsc-exam-wp-uploads\/2025\/04\/Savitribai-Phule.webp 900w, https:\/\/d35xcwcl37xo08.cloudfront.net\/upsc-exam-wp-uploads\/2025\/04\/Savitribai-Phule-768x1092.webp 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 257px) 100vw, 257px\" \/><\/h3>\r\n<h3><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Sister Nivedita<\/span><\/h3>\r\n<p><b>Sister Nivedita<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> was born Margaret Elizabeth Noble, an Irish woman who became an ardent follower of Swami Vivekananda and moved to Calcutta to serve India. Deeply involved in the Indian freedom movement, she passionately advocated for women's education and cultural revival. Her efforts in education, nationalism, and promotion of Indian art made her a key figure in India\u2019s socio-cultural awakening during British rule.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Nivedita pioneered <\/span><b>women\u2019s education<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> in India and established a school in <\/span><b>North Calcutta<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> for the upliftment of women.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">She <\/span><b>visited Midnapore in 1903 <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">to inaugurate the first <\/span><b>Akhara <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">(a place of practice for martial arts and physical training)<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400\">at <\/span><b>Miyabazar<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">. It was opened in Mr Abdul Kaddar\u2019s (ex-Deputy Magistrate) house.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">She actively supported cultural resistance against British colonialism, defending the originality of Indian art.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Collaborated with <\/span><b>Ananda Coomaraswamy<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> to counter British claims that Indian art was derived from Hellenic styles.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Encouraged artists like <\/span><b>Abanindranath Tagore<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> to pursue Indian traditions over Western influences.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Sponsored expeditions to <\/span><b>Ajanta caves<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> to document ancient Indian art, personally funding young artists' travels.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p><b><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-10454\" src=\"https:\/\/d35xcwcl37xo08.cloudfront.net\/upsc-exam-wp-uploads\/2025\/04\/Sister-Nivedita.webp\" alt=\"Sister Nivedita\" width=\"200\" height=\"250\" \/><\/b><\/p>\r\n<h3><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Pandita Ramabai Saraswati (1858-1922)<\/span><\/h3>\r\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/pandita-ramabai\/\" target=\"_blank\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Pandita Ramabai<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> was a pioneering advocate for women\u2019s rights and education in 19th-century India. She excelled in Sanskrit and was rewarded with titles like 'Pandita' (Scholar) and 'Saraswati' (Goddess of Learning).\u00a0 Ramabai travelled extensively in Bengal, addressing women's education and emancipation, drawing on mythological figures of educated and independent women.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Established <\/span><b>Arya Mahila Samaj in 1882<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> in Poona to educate women and save them from child marriage and other evil customs.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">She wrote <\/span><b>\u201cStree Dharma Niti\u201d<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> and \u201cThe Cry of Indian Women\u201d (both in Marathi) and \u201cHigh Caste Hindu Women\u201d (in English).<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">She established a home for high-caste Hindu widows and appealed to the <\/span><b>Hunter Commission (1882) <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">for women's training in teaching and medicine, enabling them to serve others.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">She founded <\/span><b>Sharda Sadan <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">for widows and unmarried girls in 1883. She got the <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Kaisar-e-Hind<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Gold medal in 1919.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone  wp-image-10450\" src=\"https:\/\/d35xcwcl37xo08.cloudfront.net\/upsc-exam-wp-uploads\/2025\/04\/Pandita-Ramabai.webp\" alt=\"Pandita Ramabai\" width=\"299\" height=\"411\" srcset=\"https:\/\/d35xcwcl37xo08.cloudfront.net\/upsc-exam-wp-uploads\/2025\/04\/Pandita-Ramabai.webp 1457w, https:\/\/d35xcwcl37xo08.cloudfront.net\/upsc-exam-wp-uploads\/2025\/04\/Pandita-Ramabai-768x1054.webp 768w, https:\/\/d35xcwcl37xo08.cloudfront.net\/upsc-exam-wp-uploads\/2025\/04\/Pandita-Ramabai-1120x1536.webp 1120w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 299px) 100vw, 299px\" \/><\/p>\r\n<h3><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Annie Besant (1847-1933)<\/span><\/h3>\r\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/annie-besant\/\" target=\"_blank\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Annie Besant<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, born in London, was a theosophist, social reformer, and key figure in India's independence movement. Influenced by Madame Blavatsky, she led the Theosophical Society in India. Transitioning to politics in 1914, she joined Congress and launched the <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/home-rule-movement\/\" target=\"_blank\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Home Rule Movement<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> in 1916. She also founded the <\/span><b>Central Hindu School <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">in Benaras.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><b><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone  wp-image-10456\" src=\"https:\/\/d35xcwcl37xo08.cloudfront.net\/upsc-exam-wp-uploads\/2025\/04\/Annie-Besant.webp\" alt=\"Annie Besant\" width=\"291\" height=\"424\" \/><\/b><b><\/b><\/p>\r\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Social Reformers of India UPSC PYQs\u00a0<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<p><b>Q1: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Who among the following was associated as Secretary with Hindu Female School which later came to be known as Bethune Female School? <\/span><b>(UPSC Prelims 2021)<\/b><\/p>\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">a) Annie Besant<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">b) Debendranath Tagore<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">c) Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">d) Sarojini Naidu<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<p><b>Ans: (c)\u00a0<\/b><\/p>\r\n<p><b>Q2: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Which of the following statements is\/are correct regarding Brahmo Samaj? (<\/span><b>UPSC Prelims 2012)<\/b><\/p>\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">It opposed idolatry.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">It denied the need for a priestly class for interpreting the religious texts.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">It popularized the doctrine that the Vedas are infallible.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Select the correct answer using the codes given below:<\/span><\/p>\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">a) 1 only<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">b) 1 and 2 only<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">c) 3 only<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">d) 1, 2 and 3<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<p><b>Ans: (b)\u00a0<\/b><\/p>\r\n<p><b>Q3: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Annie Besant was <\/span><b>(UPSC Prelims 2013)<\/b><\/p>\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Responsible for starting the Home Rule Movement<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The founder of the Theosophical Society<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Once the President of the Indian National Congress<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Select the correct statement\/statements using the codes given below.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">a) 1 only<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">b) 2 and 3 only<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">c) 1 and 3 only<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">d) 1, 2 and 3<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<p><b>Ans: (c)<\/b><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The 19th-century social reformers like Raja Ram Mohan Roy and Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar challenged customs and championed progress in India, fostering social equality, education, and religious tolerance.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":8101,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[20,38],"tags":[40,608],"class_list":{"0":"post-3745","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-upsc-modern-history-notes","8":"category-upsc-notes","9":"tag-quest","10":"tag-social-reformers-of-india"},"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3745","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3745"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3745\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":18587,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3745\/revisions\/18587"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/8101"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3745"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3745"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3745"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}