{"id":3917,"date":"2026-04-09T11:30:37","date_gmt":"2026-04-09T06:00:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/?p=3917"},"modified":"2026-04-11T12:24:14","modified_gmt":"2026-04-11T06:54:14","slug":"brics","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/brics\/","title":{"rendered":"BRICS, Countries, Members, Summit, Headquaters, UPSC Notes"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>In a 2001 research paper that highlighted the growth potential of Brazil, Russia, India, and China, then-Goldman Sachs chief economist Jim O'Neill introduced the acronym BRIC, which at first did not include South Africa. The BRICS group, which encompasses\u00a0<strong>Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa,\u00a0<\/strong>represents a quarter of the world\u2019s economy and about 40 per cent of the world\u2019s population and has increasingly sought to be a counterweight to the dominance of Western-led forums like the Group of 7 and the World Bank.<\/p>\r\n<p>BRICS, primarily the grouping of emerging economies with a focus on economic matters, gained significance amid geopolitical shifts, notably after the Ukraine conflict, elevating the importance of BRICS in recent periods.<\/p>\r\n<h2>Agenda of the BRICS<\/h2>\r\n<p>The regular annual summit and deliberation of BRICS has considerably widened over the years to encompass topical global issues such as:<\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li>International terrorism<\/li>\r\n\t<li>Climate change<\/li>\r\n\t<li>Food and energy security<\/li>\r\n\t<li>International economic and financial situation<\/li>\r\n\t<li>Reform of the Bretton Woods Institutions<\/li>\r\n\t<li>Trade protectionism and the WTO<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h2>Evolution of BRICS Summit<\/h2>\r\n<p>The grouping was first informally formed during a meeting of the leaders of BRIC (Brazil, Russia, India, and China) countries on the sidelines of the\u00a0<strong>G8 Outreach Summit in St.Petersburg, Russia, in 2006.<\/strong>\u00a0Later that year, it was formalised during the 1st BRIC Foreign Ministers' Meeting in\u00a0<strong>New York<\/strong>.<\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li><strong>2009<\/strong>: The\u00a0<strong>first BRIC<\/strong>\u00a0(BRICS minus South Africa) summit was held in\u00a0<strong>Yekaterinburg<\/strong>,\u00a0<strong>Russia<\/strong>.<\/li>\r\n\t<li><strong>2010<\/strong>:\u00a0<strong>South Africa<\/strong>\u00a0was accepted as a full member, and the group became BRICS.<\/li>\r\n\t<li><strong>2011<\/strong>:\u00a0<strong>South Africa<\/strong>\u00a0attended its first BRICS summit in\u00a0<strong>China<\/strong>.<\/li>\r\n\t<li><strong>2014<\/strong>: The\u00a0<strong>Fortaleza Declaration<\/strong>\u00a0was adopted at the 6th BRICS Summit, and it marked the establishment of the New Development Bank (NDB).<\/li>\r\n\t<li><strong>2015<\/strong>: The\u00a0<strong>Ufa Declaration<\/strong>\u00a0of BRICS was adopted at the 7th BRICS Summit held in Ufa, Russia. It covers a range of topics, including global governance, international security, and economic cooperation.<\/li>\r\n\t<li><strong>2021<\/strong>: The 13th BRICS Summit was held under\u00a0<strong>India\u2019s Chairship\u00a0<\/strong>(virtual summit). It was the third time that India hosted the BRICS Summit after\u00a0<strong>2012<\/strong>\u00a0and\u00a0<strong>2016<\/strong>.<\/li>\r\n\t<li><strong>2022<\/strong>: The\u00a0<strong>Beijing Declaration<\/strong>\u00a0was adopted at the 14th BRICS Summit<strong>,<\/strong>\u00a0where it was declared that the BRICS countries support talks between\u00a0<strong>Russia and Ukraine<\/strong>.\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li>Also, cooperation in the fight against\u00a0<strong>COVID-19<\/strong>, digital transformation, resilience and stability of industrial and supply chains, and low-carbon development.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h2>Functioning of BRICS<\/h2>\r\n<p>Relations between BRICS partners are built on the\u00a0<strong>UN\u00a0Charter<\/strong>, generally recognised principles and norms of international law, and the following principles:\u00a0<strong>openness, pragmatism, solidarity, non-bloc nature, and neutrality\u00a0<\/strong>with regard to third parties.<\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li>In accordance with the acronym B-R-I-C-S, the members take turns serving as the forum's\u00a0<strong>chairman\u00a0<\/strong>on an annual basis.<\/li>\r\n\t<li>BRICS work is based on\u00a0<strong>action plans<\/strong>\u00a0approved during annual summits since 2010.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h2>Initiatives of BRICS<\/h2>\r\n<p>The BRICS countries have come together to deliberate on important initiatives under the three major pillars:<\/p>\r\n<h3>Political and Security Cooperation<\/h3>\r\n<p>To enhance cooperation and dialogue on issues of global and regional security and developments in the global political space for peace, security, and prosperity. Priorities under this pillar are the reform<strong>\u00a0of the multilateral system<\/strong>\u00a0and\u00a0<strong>Counterterrorism cooperation.<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<h3>BRICS National Security Advisors\u2019 meeting:<\/h3>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li>An important component of the BRICS Political and Security Pillar of cooperation.<\/li>\r\n\t<li>Deliberations on security issues such as\u00a0<strong>counter-terrorism,\u00a0cyber security, peace and stability, transnational organised crime, as well as the national security<\/strong>\u00a0of BRICS countries.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h3>Economic and Financial Cooperation<\/h3>\r\n<p>To promote economic growth and development for mutual prosperity through the expansion of intra-BRICS cooperation in sectors such as\u00a0<strong>trade, agriculture, infrastructure, small and medium enterprises, energy, finance and banking.<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p><strong>Contingent Reserve Arrangement (CRA):<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li>It is a financial mechanism to protect against global liquidity pressures.<\/li>\r\n\t<li>CRA was established in\u00a0<strong>2015\u00a0<\/strong>to provide financial support to member countries that face balance of payments difficulties due to\u00a0<strong>short-term liquidity\u00a0<\/strong>pressures.<\/li>\r\n\t<li>The legal basis for the Establishment was signed at\u00a0<strong>Fortaleza, Brazil, in 2014<\/strong>.<\/li>\r\n\t<li>The CRA's total lending capacity is $<strong>100 billion<\/strong>.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<figure>\r\n<table>\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td class=\"tb-color\"><strong>Country\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td class=\"tb-color\">\r\n<p><strong>Capital contribution<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p><strong>(Billion USD)\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"tb-color\"><strong>Access to Funds (Billion USD)<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td class=\"tb-color\"><strong>Voting Rights(%)<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td><strong>China\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td>41<\/td>\r\n<td>21<\/td>\r\n<td>39.95<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td><strong>Brazil\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td>18<\/td>\r\n<td>18<\/td>\r\n<td>18.10<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td><strong>India\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td>18<\/td>\r\n<td>18<\/td>\r\n<td>18.10<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td><strong>Russia\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td>18<\/td>\r\n<td>18<\/td>\r\n<td>18.10<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td><strong>South Africa\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td>5<\/td>\r\n<td>10<\/td>\r\n<td>5.75<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<\/figure>\r\n<p><strong>New Development Bank (NDB):<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li>NDB is a<strong>\u00a0multilateral development bank<\/strong>\u00a0established by BRICS with the purpose of mobilising resources for infrastructure and sustainable development projects in\u00a0<strong>emerging markets and developing countries (EMDCs)<\/strong>.<\/li>\r\n\t<li>The Agreement was signed during the BRICS Summit held in\u00a0<strong>Fortaleza in 2014,<\/strong>\u00a0and the Bank started operations in\u00a0<strong>2015<\/strong>.<\/li>\r\n\t<li><strong>Headquarters:\u00a0<\/strong>Shanghai, China, with\u00a0<strong>regional offices<\/strong>\u00a0in\u00a0<strong>South Africa\u00a0and\u00a0Brazil.<\/strong><\/li>\r\n\t<li>Apart from the founding members,\u00a0<strong>Bangladesh<\/strong>\u00a0and\u00a0<strong>United Arab Emirates, Egypt, and Uruguay<\/strong>\u00a0are the new members. The membership is open to members of the\u00a0<strong>United Nations.<\/strong><\/li>\r\n\t<li>The\u00a0<strong>voting power\u00a0<\/strong>of each member shall equal its\u00a0<strong>subscribed shares<\/strong>\u00a0in the capital.<\/li>\r\n\t<li>However, the share of the BRICS nations can never be less than\u00a0<strong>55%<\/strong>\u00a0of the voting power. Also, none of the countries will have\u00a0<strong>veto power.<\/strong><\/li>\r\n\t<li>NDB has so far committed\u00a0<strong>$32.8 billion<\/strong>\u00a0to 96 infrastructure and sustainable development projects.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p><strong>BRICS Payment System:<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li>The BRICS nations are working towards establishing a payment system that can serve as a substitute for the\u00a0<strong>SWIFT payment system<\/strong>.<\/li>\r\n\t<li>It is considered an alternative to the dollar-dominated payment system to reduce the dependence on the dollar-based system.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h3>Cultural and People-to-People Contacts<\/h3>\r\n<p>To qualitatively enrich and enhance intra-BRICS people-to-people contacts in\u00a0<strong>cultural, academic, youth, sports, and business\u00a0<\/strong>through regular exchanges, such as:<\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li>BRICS Parliamentary Forum<\/li>\r\n\t<li>BRICS Film Festival<\/li>\r\n\t<li>BRICS Youth Summit<\/li>\r\n\t<li>BRICS Academic Forum (BAF)<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h2>India and BRICS<\/h2>\r\n<p>India is an important member of the BRICS group, and its participation in the organisation has been beneficial in many ways. Some of the key reasons why BRICS is important for India are:<\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"list-style-type: none\">\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li><strong>Strategic cooperation<\/strong>: BRICS offers India a key platform for global engagement on security, terrorism, climate, and trade.<\/li>\r\n\t<li><strong>Economic benefits:<\/strong>\u00a0As a BRICS member, India gains access to a large market of 3+ billion people, offering vast business opportunities. NDB funding supports India's development projects.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n\t<li><strong>Reform of multilateral institutions:\u00a0As a member of BRICS, India has been able to work with other member countries to promote a more inclusive and equitable global order by promoting multilateral reforms.<\/strong><\/li>\r\n\t<li><strong>South-south cooperation:\u00a0<\/strong>India, as a leading member of BRICS, has been able to use the platform to promote south-south cooperation in areas such as trade, investment, and technology transfer.<\/li>\r\n\t<li><strong>Pillar of the New World Order:\u00a0<\/strong>In the fifteenth BRICS Summit, after its expansion, the leaders called BRICS the pillar of the New World Order.<\/li>\r\n\t<li><strong>Dilemma:<\/strong>\u00a0However, the challenge before India is to\u00a0<strong>choose between a China-centric or a West-centric world order<\/strong>\u00a0or balance the two.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h2>15th BRICS Summit 2023<\/h2>\r\n<p>The 15th BRICS Summit was held in Johannesburg,\u00a0<strong>South Africa<\/strong>, from 22-24 August 2023.<\/p>\r\n<p>The important highlights of the Summit are as follows:<\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li><strong>Theme:\u00a0\"BRICS and Africa: Partnership for Mutually Accelerated Growth, Sustainable Development and Inclusive Multilateralism\".<\/strong><\/li>\r\n\t<li><strong>Gifts from India:\u00a0<\/strong>The PM of India gifted Bidri Surahi, Nagaland Shawl, and Gond Paintings to BRICS leaders.<\/li>\r\n\t<li><strong>BRICS-Africa Outreach and BRICS Plus Dialogue:\u00a0<\/strong>India participated in the BRICS-Africa Outreach and BRICS Plus Dialogue:<\/li>\r\n\t<li><strong>Participation:<\/strong>\u00a0The meeting included leaders from BRICS countries along with guest countries from Africa, Asia, and Latin America.<\/li>\r\n\t<li><strong>Invitation for International Initiatives:\u00a0<\/strong>India extended invitations for countries to join international initiatives like the International Solar Alliance, One Sun One World One Grid, Coalition for Disaster Resilient Infrastructure, One Earth One Health, Big Cat Alliance, and Global Centre for Traditional Medicine.<\/li>\r\n\t<li><strong>Joint Statement:\u00a0Leaders express support for\u00a0<\/strong><strong>India's G20 Presidency<\/strong><strong>.<\/strong>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li><strong>Support for G20 Presidencies:\u00a0<\/strong>Backed Brazil and South Africa's G20 Presidencies in 2024 and 2025, focusing on global South representation.<\/li>\r\n\t<li><strong>Opposition to Unilateral Measures:<\/strong>\u00a0Condemned unilateral coercive actions, advocated inclusive multilateralism, and upheld international law.<\/li>\r\n\t<li><strong>Global Governance Enhancement:\u00a0<\/strong>Aimed to improve global governance through agility, efficiency, representation, and democratic accountability.<\/li>\r\n\t<li><strong>Human Rights Cooperation:<\/strong>\u00a0Committed to cooperating on human rights under equality and mutual respect principles within BRICS and international platforms.<\/li>\r\n\t<li><strong>Agriculture and Food Security:<\/strong>\u00a0Strived for fair agricultural trade, ending hunger, sustainable agriculture, and resilient practices.<\/li>\r\n\t<li><strong>UN Reform:\u00a0<\/strong>Supported comprehensive UN reform, including the Security Council, for enhanced democracy, effectiveness, and developing country representation.<\/li>\r\n\t<li><strong>Peaceful Conflict Resolution:\u00a0<\/strong>Committed to peaceful dispute resolution through dialogue and inclusiveness while recognising women's participation in peace processes.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h2>Expansion of BRICS<\/h2>\r\n<p>More than 40 countries have expressed interest in joining BRICS, and 22 have formally asked to be admitted. Therefore, leaders of the BRICS in the\u00a0<strong>15th Summit\u00a0<\/strong>have\u00a0<strong>agreed on mechanisms for considering new members.<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p><strong><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/lh4.googleusercontent.com\/yq8CstPbnBMVHILjFB9pL_YZAbwnsyP0va9_25v_8Ulz__Phs8Fd0eisDxbkcyeyfv4QElDtGgIdBHsVy8_3J5NCvu77FTjYzgXYl9vPVfQXHr-WOxryoj2ElKJh6O7lLO4zztOtHi-fYjJejIFVxlE\" alt=\"Expansion of BRICS\" \/><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li><strong>First phase of expansion:\u00a0The countries including\u00a0Argentina, Egypt, Ethiopia, Iran, Saudi Arabia, and the UAE\u00a0have received invitations to join BRICS. This new membership is set to take effect from\u00a0January 1, 2024.<\/strong><\/li>\r\n\t<li><strong>Reasons for the BRICS expansion:<\/strong>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li>China's strategic move for global influence.<\/li>\r\n\t<li>FOMO: Fear of missing out on a visible club.<\/li>\r\n\t<li>Limited options in other groups.<\/li>\r\n\t<li>Anti-western sentiment and Global South unity.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h2>16th BRICS Summit<\/h2>\r\n<p>The 16th BRICS Summit was a landmark event in the evolution of the BRICS grouping, reflecting its growing influence and expanding membership. Held from October 22 to 24, 2024, the summit focused on strengthening multilateralism, promoting equitable global development, and enhancing security cooperation among major emerging economies.<\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li><span class=\"relative -mx-px my-[-0.2rem] rounded px-px py-[0.2rem] transition-colors duration-100 ease-in-out\"><strong>16th BRICS Summit Theme:<\/strong> \"Strengthening Multilateralism for Just Global Development and Security\"<\/span> . <span class=\"relative -mx-px my-[-0.2rem] rounded px-px py-[0.2rem] transition-colors duration-100 ease-in-out\">This marked the first summit featuring the expanded membership, with Egypt, Ethiopia, Iran, and the United Arab Emirates participating as full members following their accession at the 15th summit<\/span>.<\/li>\r\n\t<li><span class=\"relative -mx-px my-[-0.2rem] rounded px-px py-[0.2rem] transition-colors duration-100 ease-in-out\"><strong>16th BRICS Summit <\/strong><\/span><strong>Location<\/strong>: The summit took place in <strong>Kazan, Russia<\/strong>, a culturally diverse city recognized as Russia\u2019s third capital. Kazan was chosen for its symbolic representation of Russia\u2019s multicultural identity and its strategic importance.\u00a0<\/li>\r\n\t<li>In January 2025, Indonesia joined the BRICS as a full member, while Belarus, Bolivia, Kazakhstan, Cuba, Malaysia, Nigeria, Thailand, Uganda and Uzbekistan inducted as partner countries of the BRICS.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h2>Challenges of BRICS Grouping<\/h2>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li><strong>Overlap with other groupings<\/strong>: There is a parallel grouping of democracies known as IBSA (India, Brazil, and South Africa), which can lead to overlap in mandates and pose a challenge for BRICS to manage<\/li>\r\n\t<li><strong>Economic slowdown and trade disputes:<\/strong>\u00a0The ongoing economic slowdown and trade disputes among member states can impact the group's ability to achieve its objectives.<\/li>\r\n\t<li><strong>Geopolitical tensions<\/strong>: The BRICS countries have different geopolitical interests and have been involved in regional conflicts and disputes. For example, China's\u00a0<strong>BRI<\/strong>,\u00a0<strong>'string of pearls\u2019<\/strong>, and developments at the\u00a0<strong>Indo-China border<\/strong>\u00a0have raised tensions with India.<\/li>\r\n\t<li><strong>The dominance of three countries:\u00a0The overwhelming influence of\u00a0Russia, India and\u00a0Chinacould potentially hinder the ability of other members, such as Brazil and South Africa, to have a meaningful impact on the group's decisions and direction.<\/strong><\/li>\r\n\t<li><strong>Paradox of BRICS:\u00a0<\/strong>Despite several achievements, it began to lose its sparkle. The group may have lost its mojo, but numerous nations want to be admitted, thus showing the paradox of BRICS.<\/li>\r\n\t<li><strong>BRICS Currency and De-Dollarization:<\/strong>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li>In the 15th Summit of BRICS, Brazil's President proposed the creation of a common currency for BRICS nations to reduce vulnerability to dollar exchange rate fluctuations.<\/li>\r\n\t<li><strong>Difference of opinion:<\/strong>\u00a0While Brazil sees a common currency as a means of reducing vulnerabilities and increasing payment options, other BRICS leaders have varying opinions.<\/li>\r\n\t<li><strong>Challenges<\/strong>\u00a0of a BRICS currency include the need for banking and fiscal unions, macroeconomic convergence, and trade imbalances.<\/li>\r\n\t<li>De-dollarization would require numerous global entities to independently adopt other currencies.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h2>BRICS UPSC PYQs<\/h2>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Q1. Consider the following statements with regard to BRICS :<\/span><\/p>\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> 16th BRICS Summit was held under the Chairship of Russia in Kazan.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Indonesia has become a full member of BRICS.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li>The theme of the 16th BRICS Summit was Strengthening Multiculturalism for Just Global Development and Security.<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Which of the statements given above is\/are correct?<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">a) 1 and 2<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">b) 2 and 3<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">c) 1 and 3<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">d) 1 only<\/span><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The BRICS Summit is a meeting of the heads of state or government from five major emerging economies: Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":8196,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[173],"tags":[250,40],"class_list":{"0":"post-3917","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-quest-level-3","8":"tag-brics","9":"tag-quest"},"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3917","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3917"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3917\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":20314,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3917\/revisions\/20314"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/8196"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3917"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3917"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3917"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}