{"id":3941,"date":"2026-01-06T23:54:19","date_gmt":"2026-01-06T18:24:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/?p=3941"},"modified":"2026-01-07T11:29:09","modified_gmt":"2026-01-07T05:59:09","slug":"wifi-technology","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/wifi-technology\/","title":{"rendered":"WiFi Technology"},"content":{"rendered":"

Wi-Fi or Wireless Fidelity,\u00a0<\/strong>refers to wireless local area networking technology that enables devices like computers, smartphones, and tablets to connect to the internet or communicate with each other wirelessly. Wi-Fi works by using\u00a0radio waves<\/strong>\u00a0operating at frequencies of\u00a02.4 GHz or 5 GHz<\/strong>\u00a0to transmit and receive data over the air.<\/p>\r\n

Public Wi-Fi hotspots can be found everywhere -\u00a0airports, cafes, malls, stations, hotels,<\/strong>\u00a0etc. Educational institutions and offices also have Wi-Fi networks, enabling efficient internet access. The COVID-19 pandemic and lockdowns further accelerated Wi-Fi adoption as work from home became the norm.<\/p>\r\n

Evolution of Wi-Fi<\/h2>\r\n

Important milestones for Wi-Fi evolution include:<\/p>\r\n

\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n
IEEE Protocol<\/strong><\/td>\r\nKey Features<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
802.11<\/strong><\/td>\r\n\r\n

- The original Wi-Fi standard from 1997 operates in the\u00a02.4 GHz band,<\/strong>\u00a0providing up to\u00a02 Mbps of speed.<\/strong><\/p>\r\n

- This formed the basis for Wi-Fi wireless networks.<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n

802.11b (Wi-Fi 1)<\/strong><\/td>\r\n\r\n

- Released in 1999, it also operated at the\u00a02.4 GHz band<\/strong>\u00a0but incorporated modulation techniques like\u00a0DSSS\/CCK\u00a0<\/strong>to reduce interference and achieve higher speeds of\u00a0up to 11 Mbps.<\/strong><\/p>\r\n

- Enabled wireless usage at distances of 140m outdoors.<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n

802.11a (Wi-Fi 2)<\/strong><\/td>\r\n\r\n

- Introduced in 1999 as a successor to 802.11b.<\/p>\r\n

- First Wi-Fi standard to use OFDM modulation to support high data rates up to 54 Mbps in a\u00a05 GHz band.<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n

802.11g (Wi-Fi 3)<\/strong><\/td>\r\n\r\n

- Released in 2003, it allows speeds up to\u00a054 Mbps in the 2.4 GHz<\/strong>\u00a0band through OFDM.<\/p>\r\n

- Appealing to the mass market due to the lower cost of 2.4 GHz devices.<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n

802.11n (Wi-Fi 4)<\/strong><\/td>\r\n\r\n

- Introduced in 2009, supporting\u00a02.4 and 5 GHz bands.\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\r\n

- Delivered up to\u00a0600 Mbps speeds\u00a0<\/strong>using multiple channels and other features. Enabled replacement of wired networks.<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n

802.11ac (Wi-Fi 5)<\/strong><\/td>\r\n\r\n

- Released in 2013, it supports\u00a03.5 Gbps speeds<\/strong>\u00a0with greater bandwidth, channels, and better modulation.<\/p>\r\n

- The first standard to use\u00a0Multiple Input Multiple Output<\/strong>\u00a0(MIMO)<\/strong>\u00a0allows multiple antennas on devices.<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n

802.11ax (Wi-Fi 6)<\/strong><\/td>\r\n\r\n

- Latest standard from 2021. The focus is on improving performance in dense deployments through mechanisms like\u00a0multi-user\u00a0<\/strong>and\u00a0scheduling transmissions.\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\r\n

- It enhances video streaming and cloud access.<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n

802.11ay (Wi-Fi 6E)<\/strong><\/td>\r\n\r\n

- is an upgraded version of WiFi 6,\u00a0operates in the 6 GHz<\/strong>\u00a0band, offering significant bandwidth for high speeds.<\/p>\r\n

-\u00a0Reduces interference<\/strong>\u00a0with existing\u00a02.4\/5 GHz devices<\/strong>\u00a0for a better experience.<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n

P802.11be (Wi-Fi 7)<\/strong><\/td>\r\n\r\n

- The next evolution\u00a0under development<\/strong>\u00a0is aiming for\u00a04x faster speeds up to 40 Gbps.\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\r\n

- Will support more devices efficiently with lower latency. Expected completion in 2024.<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<\/figure>\r\n

Future standards will also focus on new use cases like\u00a0battery-free IoT devices<\/strong>\u00a0using ambient energy harvesting, extremely high throughput for\u00a0AR\/VR,\u00a0<\/strong>and\u00a0leveraging AI\/ML\u00a0<\/strong>to improve Wi-Fi performance.<\/p>\r\n

\"Evolution<\/p>\r\n

Components and Working Principles of Wi-Fi<\/h2>\r\n

Wi-Fi uses\u00a0radio waves\u00a0<\/strong>and\u00a0wireless connections<\/strong>\u00a0to enable communication between devices. The networking hardware and standards allow devices like laptops, smartphones, IoT devices, etc. to connect to the wireless network and share data.<\/p>\r\n

\"Working<\/p>\r\n

The working principle and key components involved in Wi-Fi communication are:<\/p>\r\n

    \r\n\t
  • Access point<\/strong>: This device creates the wireless network and broadcasts the network name or\u00a0SSID<\/strong>.\r\n\r\n
      \r\n\t
    • The access point hardware has a wireless transmitter, receiver, router and an ethernet port to connect to the internet via a\u00a0modem or LAN.<\/strong><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n\t
    • Wireless device<\/strong>: The device like a smartphone has an\u00a0inbuilt Wi-Fi antenna\u00a0<\/strong>and\u00a0transceiver.<\/strong>\u00a0This allows the device to detect wireless networks in the area and connect to them.<\/li>\r\n\t
    • Router<\/strong>: This connects the access point to the internet. Both access point and router functions can be in the same hardware device.<\/li>\r\n\t
    • Frequency band<\/strong>: The Wi-Fi frequencies like\u00a02.4 GHz\u00a0<\/strong>and\u00a05 GHz<\/strong>\u00a0have multiple channels. Data transmission happens on these channels avoiding interference.<\/li>\r\n\t
    • 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz:<\/strong>\u00a02.4 GHz provides a longer range while 5 GHz can deliver faster speeds with less interference.\r\n\r\n
        \r\n\t
      • Wi-Fi routers typically transmit on both bands to utilise their complementary strengths and support different types of devices and use cases.<\/li>\r\n\t
      • Older Wi-Fi standards\u00a0<\/strong>relied more on\u00a02.4 GHz\u00a0<\/strong>while\u00a0newer standards\u00a0<\/strong>focus on\u00a05 GHz\u00a0<\/strong>for performance.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n\t
      • Data transmission<\/strong>: When a wireless device connects to the network, radio waves transmit data on the wireless channel.\r\n\r\n
          \r\n\t
        • The data is encoded into\u00a0binary format<\/strong>\u00a0and then\u00a0electromagnetic waves\u00a0<\/strong>in the channel carry this data.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n\t
        • Security encryption<\/strong>: To secure the wireless transmissions, data is encrypted using protocols like\u00a0WPA2<\/strong>.\r\n\r\n
            \r\n\t
          • Only authorised devices with the correct encryption passwords can connect and transmit data.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n\t
          • Internet<\/strong>: The router connects the Wi-Fi network to the Internet. This allows the wireless devices to access the internet via the access point. The modem connects the router to the ISP.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n

            About Wi-Fi Hotspot<\/h3>\r\n

            A Wi-Fi hotspot refers to a physical location or area that provides internet access over a\u00a0wireless local area network (WLAN)<\/strong>\u00a0using Wi-Fi technology. It enables nearby Wi-Fi-enabled devices like laptops, smartphones and tablets to connect to the internet by connecting to the hotspot's wireless network. Some key features of Wi-Fi hotspots:<\/p>\r\n

              \r\n\t
            • They provide\u00a0wireless network<\/strong>\u00a0coverage typically within a 100 feet radius indoors and 300 feet outdoors.<\/li>\r\n\t
            • They allow\u00a0multiple users\u00a0<\/strong>to access the internet simultaneously by connecting to the hotspot.<\/li>\r\n\t
            • These hotspots\u00a0use Wi-Fi router<\/strong>\u00a0hardware to broadcast wireless signals and authenticate users.<\/li>\r\n\t
            • They have a\u00a0wireless network name (SSID)<\/strong>\u00a0that users can select to gain internet access after authentication.<\/li>\r\n\t
            • Theyare often\u00a0located in public places\u00a0<\/strong>like airports, restaurants, hotels etc. to provide internet to visitors.<\/li>\r\n\t
            • Private hotspots\u00a0<\/strong>also exist in homes and offices to share the internet over the Wi-Fi network.<\/li>\r\n\t
            • Mobile hotspots\u00a0<\/strong>enable\u00a0easy<\/strong>\u00a0and\u00a0secure internet access<\/strong>\u00a0on the move by sharing a cellular data connection over WiFi with multiple devices.\r\n\r\n
                \r\n\t
              • The portable router-like devices contain the key components to generate a wireless LAN.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n\t
              • Hotspot speed depends<\/strong>\u00a0on the broadband connection bandwidth available. Public hotspots are often free but can be paid.<\/li>\r\n\t
              • Hotspots play a key role in enabling internet access\u00a0<\/strong>for mobile users and expanding public digital infrastructure.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n

                WiFi vs Cellular Networks<\/h3>\r\n
                \r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n
                Parameters<\/strong><\/td>\r\nWiFi<\/strong><\/td>\r\nCellular<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
                Standards<\/strong><\/td>\r\n802.11 protocols<\/td>\r\n3G, 4G, 5G standards<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
                Frequency bands<\/strong><\/td>\r\n2.4 GHz, 5 GHz<\/td>\r\n700 MHz to 2.5 GHz<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
                Typical range<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<100 meters indoors<\/td>\r\nMultiple km outdoors<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
                Maximum speed<\/strong><\/td>\r\n1-10 Gbps<\/td>\r\n10-100 Mbps<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
                Architecture<\/strong><\/td>\r\nWireless LAN<\/td>\r\nCell towers, core networks<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
                Scalability<\/strong><\/td>\r\nLimited<\/td>\r\nExcellent<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
                Security<\/strong><\/td>\r\nWPA2 encryption<\/td>\r\nEncryption, network-level measures<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
                Mobility<\/strong><\/td>\r\nMedium<\/td>\r\nHigh<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
                Power<\/strong><\/td>\r\nHigh<\/td>\r\nLow<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
                Latency<\/strong><\/td>\r\nVery low <20 ms<\/td>\r\nMedium 50-500 ms<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<\/figure>\r\n

                Bluetooth vs Wi-Fi<\/h3>\r\n
                \r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n
                Parameter<\/strong><\/td>\r\nBluetooth<\/strong><\/td>\r\nWiFi<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
                Range<\/strong><\/td>\r\nUp to 10 meters<\/td>\r\nUp to 100 meters indoors<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
                Speed<\/strong><\/td>\r\n1-3 Mbps<\/td>\r\nUp to 1300 Mbps (WiFi 6)<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
                Frequency<\/strong><\/td>\r\n2.4 GHz<\/td>\r\n2.4 GHz \/ 5 GHz<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
                Devices<\/strong><\/td>\r\nHeadsets, speakers, smartphones, IoT devices<\/td>\r\nComputers, smartphones, tablets, printers<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
                Power<\/strong><\/td>\r\nVery low<\/td>\r\nHigher power consumption<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
                Security<\/strong><\/td>\r\nEncryption available<\/td>\r\nStronger security like WPA3<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<\/figure>\r\n

                Applications of Wi-Fi Technology<\/h2>\r\n

                Some key applications and usage scenarios of Wi-Fi technology are:<\/p>\r\n

                  \r\n\t
                • Wireless Internet access<\/strong>: Public Wi-Fi hotspots and home\/office wireless networks provide convenient internet connectivity to devices like laptops, tablets and smartphones wirelessly.<\/li>\r\n\t
                • IoT ecosystem<\/strong>: Smart home devices, industrial automation devices etc. use Wi-Fi to connect and exchange data.\r\n\r\n
                    \r\n\t
                  • Wi-Fi is a key enabler of the IoT ecosystem.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n\t
                  • Streaming media<\/strong>: Smart TVs, media centers etc. use Wi-Fi to stream high-definition video and audio content wirelessly.<\/li>\r\n\t
                  • Enterprise networks<\/strong>: Wi-Fi allows offices to have wireless networks installed easily without laying out ethernet cables throughout the building.<\/li>\r\n\t
                  • Education<\/strong>: Schools and colleges use Wi-Fi networks for internet access.\r\n\r\n
                      \r\n\t
                    • E-learning, online classes etc. are enabled by Wi-Fi connectivity.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n\t
                    • Healthcare<\/strong>: Medical devices can wirelessly connect via Wi-Fi to monitoring and recording systems. This improves patient care.<\/li>\r\n\t
                    • Industrial automation<\/strong>: In manufacturing facilities, machinery and systems leverage Wi-Fi for wireless data exchange and monitoring.<\/li>\r\n\t
                    • Retail<\/strong>: Retail stores deploy Wi-Fi marketing where customers are provided free in-store Wi-Fi in exchange for data collection like email, location etc.<\/li>\r\n\t
                    • Transportation<\/strong>: Wi-Fi networks are deployed in airports, trains, buses etc. to provide connectivity during travel.<\/li>\r\n\t
                    • Hotspot networks<\/strong>: Cafes, restaurants and other businesses provide free public Wi-Fi as an additional service to attract customers.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n

                      Challenges and Issues with Wi-Fi Technology<\/h2>\r\n

                      Despite the convenience of Wi-Fi networks, they come with some challenges and limitations, such as:-<\/p>\r\n

                        \r\n\t
                      • Range limitations:<\/strong>\u00a0Consumer Wi-Fi networks indoors typically have a range of 100-150 feet, and outdoors up to 300 feet.\r\n\r\n
                          \r\n\t
                        • However, obstacles can further reduce the range.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n\t
                        • Speed variability:<\/strong>\u00a0Actual Wi-Fi speeds are often lower than the maximum advertised speeds due to factors such as distance from the access point and interference.<\/li>\r\n\t
                        • Congestion:<\/strong>\u00a0In areas with a high density of Wi-Fi networks, such as apartments, interference and congestion can degrade performance.<\/li>\r\n\t
                        • Power consumption<\/strong>: Wi-Fi communication consumes more power on mobile devices compared to low-power Bluetooth, which reduces battery life.<\/li>\r\n\t
                        • Interoperability issues:<\/strong>\u00a0There is a varying level of support for new Wi-Fi generations across device types and operating systems.<\/li>\r\n\t
                        • Security vulnerabilities:<\/strong>\u00a0Public Wi-Fi networks can pose privacy and security concerns.<\/li>\r\n\t
                        • Set-up complexity:<\/strong>\u00a0Correct installation and configuration require some technical skill beyond just plug and play.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n

                          Impact of Wi-Fi in India<\/h2>\r\n

                          Wi-Fi Technology has greatly influenced wireless internet access, mobility, and connectivity across India. Some pertinent points regarding Wi-Fi in India are:<\/p>\r\n

                            \r\n\t
                          • Universal coverage<\/strong>: Wi-Fi is now present everywhere in India, with over 800 million mobile internet subscribers.\r\n\r\n
                              \r\n\t
                            • The majority of devices are Wi-Fi-enabled.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n\t
                            • Public hotspots growth<\/strong>: Public Wi-Fi hotspots have seen steady growth, with over 36,000 installed across India as of 2022.<\/li>\r\n\t
                            • The key for Smart Governance:<\/strong>\u00a0Wi-Fi is a centrepiece of Digital India initiatives like\u00a0Smart Cities,<\/strong>\u00a0facilitating\u00a0e-governance\u00a0<\/strong>and\u00a0public service delivery.<\/strong><\/li>\r\n\t
                            • Institutional adoption<\/strong>: Educational institutes, offices, malls, and hotels have extensively deployed Wi-Fi networks.\r\n\r\n
                                \r\n\t
                              • It has transformed internet access.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n\t
                              • Work\/Study from home:<\/strong>\u00a0During the pandemic, Wi-Fi enabled critical work\/study-from-home capabilities.<\/li>\r\n\t
                              • Emerging applications:<\/strong>\u00a0Wi-Fi has opened up new applications in IoT, industrial automation, retail analytics using captive portals, location-based services, etc.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n

                                Government Initiatives<\/h3>\r\n
                                  \r\n\t
                                • RailWire Wi-Fi<\/strong>: Indian Railways has installed 6108 free public Wi-Fi networks at railway stations across India through its RailWire initiative.<\/li>\r\n\t
                                • Smart Cities mission<\/strong>: Under the Smart Cities mission, over 5000 Wi-Fi hotspots are being deployed across 100 smart cities by 2022.<\/li>\r\n\t
                                • BharatNet<\/strong>: BharatNet project aims to expand broadband penetration to gram panchayats through Wi-Fi and wireless mesh networks.<\/li>\r\n\t
                                • PM-WANI<\/strong>: The Prime Minister's\u00a0Wi-Fi Access Network Interface\u00a0<\/strong>initiative aims to proliferate Wi-Fi hotspots through public data offices.<\/li>\r\n\t
                                • Wi-Fi in schools<\/strong>:\u00a0National Digital Communications Policy 2018<\/strong>\u00a0outlined setting up Wi-Fi networks in all secondary and higher secondary schools.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n

                                  Way Forward<\/h2>\r\n

                                  To advance networking boost across India, the following key actions are needed:<\/p>\r\n

                                    \r\n\t
                                  • Public Wi-Fi hotspots:<\/strong>\u00a0Collaboration between the government, telecom operators, and infrastructure providers can lead to significant growth in public Wi-Fi hotspots.\r\n\r\n
                                      \r\n\t
                                    • Schemes like\u00a0PM-WANI\u00a0<\/strong>need more traction.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n\t
                                    • Rural connectivity:<\/strong>\u00a0Leveraging wireless mesh networks, community hotspots, and innovative models to provide last-mile Wi-Fi connectivity in rural areas can bridge the digital divide.<\/li>\r\n\t
                                    • Upgrading networks to Wi-Fi 6:<\/strong>\u00a0Gradually upgrading existing Wi-Fi networks to the latest Wi-Fi 6 standard can address issues like congestion and improve efficiency to support dense usage.<\/li>\r\n\t
                                    • Converged 5G-Wi-Fi solutions:<\/strong>\u00a0With 5G rollouts underway, exploring converged user experiences across 5G and Wi-Fi through common authentication and seamless handovers should be a priority.<\/li>\r\n\t
                                    • Wi-Fi-based IoT ecosystems:<\/strong>\u00a0Wi-Fi HaLow and dedicated IoT protocols over Wi-Fi like\u00a0(Message Queuing Telemetry Transport)MQTT\u00a0<\/strong>need wider adoption to enable scalable enterprise IoT deployments.<\/li>\r\n\t
                                    • Monitoring health risks:<\/strong>\u00a0While the World Health Organization has cleared health risks from Wi-Fi signals, continuous monitoring and transparency around radiation emission norms remain important.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n

                                      With a strategic policy push across these dimensions, Wi-Fi technology can play a transformational role in furthering the Digital India vision and bridging the digital divide.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

                                      An overview of WiFi technology including network standards, architecture, frequency bands, encryption protocols, security threats, and usage in various devices.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":8387,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[173],"tags":[40,560],"class_list":{"0":"post-3941","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-quest-level-3","8":"tag-quest","9":"tag-wifi-technology"},"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3941","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3941"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3941\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":19817,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3941\/revisions\/19817"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/8387"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3941"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3941"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3941"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}