{"id":4489,"date":"2026-08-31T12:23:15","date_gmt":"2026-08-31T06:53:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/?p=4489"},"modified":"2026-08-31T13:55:14","modified_gmt":"2026-08-31T08:25:14","slug":"government-of-india-act-1919","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/government-of-india-act-1919\/","title":{"rendered":"Government of India Act 1919, Montagu Chelmsford Reforms, Provisions"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The <\/span><b>Government of India Act 1919<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> is also known as the<\/span><b> Montagu-Chelmsford Reforms<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">. It was a key law passed by the British Parliament to meet rising demands for self-rule in India. It represented an important move toward constitutional reforms and a gradual shift of power from the British to the Indians.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The Act was a response to the rise of Indian nationalism and the evolving political environment after World War I. It sought to establish a more inclusive and representative government in British India, while still maintaining ultimate British control.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Government of India Act 1919 or Montagu Chelmsford Reform<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The Montagu Chelmsford Reform, also known as Government of India Act 1919, was a legislative framework designed to reform British India's governance. It was based on the Montagu-Chelmsford Report, which was drafted by Edwin Montagu, Secretary of State for India, and Lord Chelmsford, Viceroy of India at the time.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<h3><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Government of India Act 1919 Objectives<\/span><\/h3>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The primary goal of the Act was to introduce a more responsible form of government in India by increasing Indian participation in the administrative machinery while retaining ultimate authority with the British Crown. The Act established a dual governance structure (dyarchy) at the provincial level and a more inclusive legislative framework, but with some limitations..<\/span><\/p>\r\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Montagu-Chelmsford Reforms 1919 Background<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">In the early 20th century, India faced significant political unrest, with the<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/foundation-of-indian-national-congress\/\" target=\"_blank\"> <b>Indian National Congress (INC<\/b><\/a><b>) <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">and the <\/span><b>All India<\/b><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/muslim-league\/\" target=\"_blank\"><b> Muslim League<\/b><\/a> <span style=\"font-weight: 400\">demanding self-governance. The<\/span><b> First World War (1914\u20131918)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> intensified these demands, as Indians sought political concessions for their support in the war.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Economic hardships, high casualties among Indian soldiers, and repressive measures like the <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/rowlatt-act-1919\/\" target=\"_blank\"><b>Rowlatt Act of 1919<\/b><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, also known as the<\/span><b> Anarchical and Revolutionary Crimes Act,<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> further fueled nationalist sentiments.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Amid this growing unrest, Edwin Montagu's declaration of August 20, 1917, marked a crucial turning point for the Government of India Act 1919.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The <\/span><b>Montagu Declaration<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, also known as <\/span><b>the August Declaration, of 1917,<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> marked a shift in British policy, aiming for the <\/span><b>\"gradual development of self-governing institutions\" <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">in India to reduce unrest and outline future constitutional progress.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">This led to the <\/span><b>Montagu-Chelmsford Report<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> in 1918, recommending reforms that culminated in the <\/span><b>Government of India Act 1919, <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">which came<\/span><b> into force in 1921.<\/b><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Government of India Act 1919 Provisions<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The Government of India Act 1919 introduced important provisions such as <\/span><b>dyarchy<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, allowing Indian ministers control over some provincial subjects, while the British retained power over finance and law. The <\/span><b>Viceroy <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">held significant authority at the<\/span><b> central level<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, with limited Indian involvement in key areas like defence and foreign policy.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<h3><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Provincial Government<\/span><\/h3>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Under the provisions of Government of India Act 1919, the provinces were given more autonomy and introduced a dyarchy system.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Executive: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The Act established the concept of<\/span><b> dyarchy at the provincial level<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, dividing powers between British and Indian ministers as <\/span><b>Reserved and Transferred subjects<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> respectively.<\/span>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Transferred subjects<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">: Education, public health, agriculture, and local self-government had a direct impact on people's daily lives and were supposed to be handled by elected Indian representatives.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Reserved subjects:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Finance, law enforcement, and land revenue remained under the control of British governors. The governors retained considerable power, including the ability to veto decisions and issue ordinances.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The Secretary of State for India and the Governor-General can intervene in reserved subjects, but not in transferred subjects.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Legislature:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> The Government of India Act 1919 expanded the provincial legislative councils, with <\/span><b>70% of members elected<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, but key limitations persisted. The dyarchical system restricted Indian control to less critical areas, while essential sectors like finance and law remained under British authority.<\/span>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The <\/span><b>dyarchy <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">was implemented in <\/span><b>eight provinces<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, including Assam, Bengal, Bihar and Orissa, Central Provinces, United Provinces, Bombay, Madras, and Punjab.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The Act enabled provincial legislatures to <\/span><b>grant franchise to women<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> if they chose to do so (<\/span><b>Madras<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> was the first in <\/span><b>1921<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">).<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Legislative councils could propose legislation, but the governor's approval was required. The <\/span><b>governor <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">could <\/span><b>veto <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">bills and issue ordinances.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The legislative councils may reject the budget, but the governor has the authority to restore it if necessary.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h3><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Central Government<\/span><\/h3>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Under the Government of India Act 1919, the British maintained central control, with the Viceroy and a largely British executive council holding significant power.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Executive:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> There were two lists for administration known as <\/span><b>central and provincial lists.<\/b>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Governor-General's Authority<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">: The governor-general controlled reserved subjects, could restore budget cuts, approve rejected bills, and issue ordinances.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Viceroy's Central Power<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">: The Viceroy held central executive authority with an <\/span><b>eight-member council<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, where only<\/span><b> three Indians<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> had largely ceremonial roles. Key areas like defence, foreign policy, and communications were under his control.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Government of India Act 1919 Bicameral Legislature: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The <\/span><b>Council of State (Upper House) <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">had <\/span><b>60 members<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, 26 nominated by the British government and 34 elected by the provincial legislatures.<\/span>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The Legislative Assembly had 145 members\u2014104 elected and 41 nominated. The electorate was limited to property owners and taxpayers.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Legislators had the authority to ask questions, pass adjournment motions, and vote on parts of the<\/span><b> budget<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, but 75% of it remained unvoted.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The Council of State consisted of<\/span><b> only male members<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> and served for<\/span><b> 5 years<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, while the Central Legislative Assembly lasted 3 years.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Secretary of State's Salary:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> In 1919, the Government of India Act mandated that the Secretary of State for India be paid by the<\/span><b> British exchequer<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>High Commissioner for India: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The 1919 Government of India Act created the High Commissioner for India in London to represent Indian interests and manage relations with Britain.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h3><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Montagu Chelmsford Reforms Separate Electorates<\/span><\/h3>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The Government of India Act 1919 (Montagu-Chelmsford Reforms) continued and expanded the system of separate electorates introduced in 1909. Muslims, Sikhs, Indian Christians, Anglo-Indians, Europeans, and certain special interest groups elected their own representatives. This increased community-based political representation but also strengthened communal divisions in Indian politics.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Government of India Act 1919 Review<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The Montagu-Chelmsford Report of 1919 called for a 10-year review, which led to the formation of the <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/simon-commission\/\" target=\"_blank\"><b>Simon Commission<\/b><\/a> <span style=\"font-weight: 400\">in 1927, chaired by Sir John Simon, to assess the Government of India Act of 1919. The commission was boycotted and criticised by the general public, Congress, and other groups due to the exclusion of Indians from the commission.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The Simon Commission's recommendations resulted in the <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/government-of-india-act-1935\/\" target=\"_blank\"><b>Government of India Act of 1935<\/b><\/a><b>, <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">which advanced self-government by establishing a more federal system and increasing Indian participation in governance.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Government of India Act 1919 Outcomes<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">In 1918, Congress leaders like <\/span><b>Tilak <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">and <\/span><b>Annie Besant<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> condemned the proposed self-government reform, and the Rowlatt Act of 1919 then escalated unrest by restricting civil liberties and nationalist activities.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Public Reaction<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">: In August 1918, Congress held a special session calling for better self-government. <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/bal-gangadhar-tilak\/\" target=\"_blank\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Bal Gangadhar Tilak<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> called the reforms \"a sunless dawn,\" while Annie Besant deemed them unworthy. Some, like Surendranath Banerjea, saw them as progress.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Repressive Measures<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">: The 1919 Rowlatt Act granted powers to imprison without trial and suspend habeas corpus, severely restricting civil liberties and intensifying repression of nationalist activities.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Mass Movements:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> The failure to grant genuine self-government catalyzed<\/span><b> Mahatma Gandhi<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> to launch the <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/non-cooperation-movement\/\" target=\"_blank\"><b>Non-Cooperation Movement.<\/b><\/a><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Government of India Act 1919 Limitations<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Despite its progressive aspects, the Government of India Act 1919 maintained British control over key governance areas, restricted the electorate, and created a flawed electoral system that fostered communalism and centralized administrative power, and had several significant limitations.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Limited Electorate: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The electorate was limited to a small, privileged group of people.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Flawed Electoral System: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The Government of India Act 1919 introduced a flawed electoral system with limited voting rights, which failed to gain widespread acceptance and fostered communalism through separate electorates.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Unequal Seat Allocation:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> The allocation of seats in the central legislature was based on the 'importance' of each province, such as Punjab's military importance and Bombay's commercial importance.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>British Dominance Over Key Areas<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">: British control remained over defence, foreign policy, and major financial matters. The Viceroy could veto legislation and issue ordinances, ensuring British supremacy.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Limited Legislative Authority<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">: The central legislature had no control over the Viceroy and his council, while provincial ministers lacked power over finances and bureaucrats, often leading to conflicts and decisions being overruled by governors.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Government of India Act 1919 Significance<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The Government of India Act 1919 marked a significant constitutional shift, introducing limited self-governance while strategically serving to protect British Imperial interests and deflect growing Indian nationalist pressure.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Responsible Government:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> The Act signaled the British administration\u2019s desire to gradually introduce responsible government in India for the first time.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Provincial Self-Government:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> The Act introduced the concept of provincial self-government.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Power Transfer:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> More administrative power was transferred to Indians, though it did not weaken the realities of British control.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Legitimizing Nationalism:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Making self-government official policy meant Home Rule and nationalist demands could no longer be deemed seditious.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Democratic Awareness:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Citizens gained awareness regarding elections and voting, including women voting for the first time.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Imperial Protection:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Scholars agree the Act aimed to protect British interests rather than genuinely promote full self-government.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Government of India Act 1919 and 1935<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The <\/span><b>Government of India Act 1919<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> and the <\/span><b>Government of India Act 1935<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> were important milestones in India\u2019s constitutional development.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The 1919 Act, based on the <\/span><b>Montagu-Chelmsford Reforms<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, introduced <\/span><b>dyarchy in provinces<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, expanded legislative councils, and established bicameralism at the Centre. However, real executive authority remained largely with British officials.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The <\/span><b>Government of India Act 1935<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> introduced <\/span><b>provincial autonomy<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> by ending dyarchy in provinces and proposed an all-India federation, although the federation was never implemented. It also expanded provincial legislatures and extended the franchise.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Thus, the 1919 Act represented a limited move towards responsible government, while the 1935 Act provided a broader framework for provincial self-government and significantly influenced the <\/span><b>Indian Constitution<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Government of India Act 1919 UPSC PYQs<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<p><b>Q1:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> In the Government of India Act 1919, the functions of Provincial Government were divided into \"Reserved\" and \"Transferred\" subjects. Which of the following were treated as \"Reserved\" subjects? <\/span><b>(UPSC Prelims 2022)<\/b><\/p>\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Administration of Justice<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Local Self-Government<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Land Revenue<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Police<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Select the correct answer using the code given below:<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">(a) 1, 2 and 3<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">(b) 2, 3 and 4<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">(c) 1, 3 and 4<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">(d) 1, 2 and 4<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><b>Ans: (c)\u00a0<\/b><\/p>\r\n<p><b>Q2<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">: Consider the following statements: <\/span><b>(UPSC Prelims 2021)<\/b><\/p>\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> The Montagu-Chelmsford Reforms of 1919 recommended granting voting rights to all women above the age of 21.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> The Government of India Act of 1935 gave women reserved seats in the legislature.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Which of the statements given above is\/are correct?<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">(a) 1 only<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">(b) 2 only<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">(c) Both 1 and 2<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">(d) Neither 1 nor 2<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><b>Ans: (b)<\/b><\/p>\r\n<p><b>Q3: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Which of the following is\/are the principal feature(s) of the Government of India Act, 1919? <\/span><b>(UPSC Prelims 2012)<\/b><\/p>\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Introduction of dyarchy in the executive government of the provinces<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Introduction of separate communal electorates for Muslims<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Devolution of legislative authority by the centre to the provinces<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Select the correct answer using the codes given below:<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">(a) 1 only<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">(b) 2 and 3 only<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">(c) 1 and 3 only<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">(d) 1, 2 and 3<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><b>Ans: (c) <\/b><\/p>\r\n<table style=\"border-collapse: collapse;width: 100%;height: 125px\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 25px\">\r\n<td class=\"tb-color\" style=\"width: 50%;text-align: center;height: 25px\" colspan=\"2\"><strong>Other Related Posts<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 25px\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;height: 25px;text-align: center\"><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/regulating-act-1773\/\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>Regulating Act 1773<\/strong><\/a><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;height: 25px;text-align: center\"><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/pitts-india-act-1784\/\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>Pitt's India Act 1784<\/strong><\/a><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 25px\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;height: 25px;text-align: center\"><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/acts-and-regulations-under-east-india-company\/\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>Acts and Regulations under East India Company<\/strong><\/a><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;height: 25px;text-align: center\"><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/charter-act-1853\/\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>Charter Act 1853<\/strong><\/a><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 25px\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;height: 25px;text-align: center\"><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/charter-act-1813\/\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>Charter Act 1813<\/strong><\/a><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;height: 25px;text-align: center\"><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/government-of-india-act-1858\/\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>Government of India Act 1858<\/strong><\/a><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 25px\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;height: 25px;text-align: center\"><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/charter-act-1833\/\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>Charter Act 1833<\/strong><\/a><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;height: 25px;text-align: center\"><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/indian-councils-act-1861\/\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>Indian Councils Act 1861<\/strong><\/a><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;text-align: center\"><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/indian-councils-act-of-1892\/\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>Indian Councils<\/strong><strong> Act 1892<\/strong><\/a><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;text-align: center\"><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/morley-minto-reforms\/\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>Morley Minto Reforms<\/strong><\/a><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;text-align: center\"><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/government-of-india-act-1919\/\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>Government of India Act 1919<\/strong><\/a><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;text-align: center\"><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/government-of-india-act-1935\/\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>Government of India Act 1935<\/strong><\/a><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;text-align: center\" colspan=\"2\"><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/indian-independence-act-1947\/\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>Indian Independence Act 1947<\/strong><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/a><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The Government of India Act 1919 (Montagu-Chelmsford Reforms) aimed to address some demands for self-rule. Check GOI Act 1919, Provisions, Outcomes, Limitations.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":4490,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[38,20],"tags":[483,40,1067],"class_list":["post-4489","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-upsc-notes","category-upsc-modern-history-notes","tag-government-of-india-act-1919","tag-quest","tag-upsc-modern-history-notes"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4489","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4489"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4489\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":28783,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4489\/revisions\/28783"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/4490"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4489"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4489"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4489"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}