{"id":4547,"date":"2026-09-26T15:46:23","date_gmt":"2026-09-26T10:16:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/?p=4547"},"modified":"2026-09-26T16:13:06","modified_gmt":"2026-09-26T10:43:06","slug":"bardoli-satyagraha","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/bardoli-satyagraha\/","title":{"rendered":"Bardoli Satyagraha, Date, Year, Causes, Leader, Outcomes, Strategy"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The <\/span><b>Bardoli Satyagraha<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> was an important peasant movement against the British colonial government in <\/span>1928<span style=\"font-weight: 400\">. It was organised in the <\/span>Bardoli taluka of Surat district in the Bombay Presidency<span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, in present-day Gujarat, against an increase in land revenue. <\/span>Vallabhbhai Patel<span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> led the movement using non-violent methods and organised the peasants to resist the enhanced assessment.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The movement became an important episode in India's freedom struggle and strengthened Patel's position as a national leader. Women participants in the movement gave him the title <\/span><b>\u201cSardar\u201d<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, which subsequently became closely associated with him.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Bardoli Satyagraha Background<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The Bardoli Satyagraha took place in 1928 in <\/span><b>Bardoli taluka<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, located in the <\/span><b>Surat<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> district of <\/span><b>Gujarat<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">. This region was <\/span><b>predominantly agrarian<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, with most of the population engaged in farming. The roots of the <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/satyagraha\/\" target=\"_blank\"><b>Satyagraha <\/b><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">can be traced back to the oppressive tax policies imposed by the British colonial government, which disproportionately affected the farmers of Bardoli.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">In 1927, despite severe famine and reduced agricultural productivity, the British government raised land revenue by 22%, worsening farmers' distress.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">With pleas for relief ignored, this sparked the <\/span><b>Bardoli Satyagraha<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, where peasants launched a <\/span><b>non-violent protest<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> against British authority.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Bardoli Satyagraha Causes<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The primary cause of the Bardoli Satyagraha was the unjust increase in land revenue assessment by the British government. However, several other factors contributed to the unrest among the farmers:<\/span><\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Economic Hardships: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Bardoli farmers were already struggling due to crop failures and famine in 1925. The increased <\/span><b>tax burden <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">worsened their financial plight.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Lack of Redressal Mechanisms: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Farmers' appeals for tax reduction were ignored by British authorities, heightening resentment and anger.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Injustice and Oppression: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Enforcing higher taxes despite hardships was seen as unjust, creating a <\/span><b>sense of betrayal <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">among farmers who had previously supported the British in <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/world-war-1\/\" target=\"_blank\"><b>World War I<\/b><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Bardoli Satyagraha Date and Year<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The Bardoli Satyagraha officially began in 1928, when the farmers of Bardoli were under the leadership of Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel. The Satyagraha unfolded in several stages, each marked by a series of events that collectively shaped the course of the movement:<\/span><\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Beginning: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">On June 12, 1928, Bardoli farmers, led by <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/sardar-vallabhbhai-patel\/\" target=\"_blank\"><b>Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel<\/b><\/a><b>,<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> unitedly launched Satyagraha, pledging non-payment of unjust taxes as a collective resistance against British authorities.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Establishment of Volunteer Network: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Patel created a disciplined volunteer network to ensure non-violence and spread awareness, urging peasants to <\/span><b>refuse tax payments<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> and boycott government services, enhancing movement coordination and solidarity.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>British Response: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">In response, British authorities seized properties, auctioned lands of resisting farmers, and used <\/span><b>intimidation and violence<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> to suppress the Satyagraha, aiming to weaken the agitators' resolve.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h3><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Bardoli Resolution<\/span><\/h3>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The Bardoli Resolution was a formal declaration made by the farmers of Bardoli after the Satyagraha. It marked the successful resolution of the tax issue and laid down the <\/span><b>principles of nonviolent resistance<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> that would guide future movements. The resolution expressed the grievances of the farmers and called for the following:<\/span><\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Withdrawing the 22% tax increase on farmers in the Bombay Presidency<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Restoring stolen lands and properties<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Cancelling the year's revenue payment<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Lowering the revenue demand to 6.03%<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Treating the farming community fairly<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Bardoli Satyagraha Leader<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Vallabhbhai Patel was the principal leader of the Bardoli Satyagraha. He emerged as the central figure in the Bardoli Satyagraha, earning the title of <\/span><b>\"Sardar\" (leader)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> for his leadership during the movement. He ensured that the farmers were committed to nonviolence and prepared for the consequences, including property confiscation and imprisonment. Patel's role in the Satyagraha can be summarised as follows:<\/span><\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Organisational Skills: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Patel divided Bardoli into zones, each led by local leaders and volunteers, ensuring <\/span><b>smooth coordination and communication<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">. Patel\u2019s leadership emphasised <\/span><b>non-violence and discipline<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, keeping the movement focused and morally grounded.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Use of Media: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Patel used leaflets, public meetings, and the <\/span><b>\"Bardoli booklet\" <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">to rally support, encouraging unity and persistence in tax refusal, which helped sustain the Satyagraha\u2019s momentum.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Negotiation and Resolution: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Patel\u2019s negotiation skills led to a successful resolution, securing a settlement with the British that rolled back the unfair tax increases, concluding the Satyagraha victoriously.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Bardoli Satyagraha Strategy<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The Bardoli Satyagraha adopted a <\/span><b>disciplined, non-violent and collective strategy<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, combining tax refusal, volunteer networks, public mobilisation, social pressure, night-time coordination and effective communication to sustain the peasant movement.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>No-Tax Pledge: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Peasants collectively pledged to withhold the increased land revenue until the government withdrew the enhanced assessment or agreed to an impartial inquiry.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Camp-Based Organisation: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel divided Bardoli into different organisational camps and established a strong volunteer network. Volunteers from different communities, including Hindus, Muslims and Parsis, participated in the campaign.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Participatory Resistance: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Patel ensured that villagers understood the consequences of the struggle and were repeatedly consulted about their willingness to face hardships. This encouraged active participation and collective responsibility.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Social Boycott and Non-Violence: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The Satyagrahis maintained strict non-violence and unity. Those who assisted the authorities in revenue collection could face social boycott, creating community pressure against cooperation with the government.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Information and Communication: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Volunteers used newsletters, pamphlets, public meetings and door-to-door communication to spread information, maintain morale, communicate instructions and highlight instances of government action.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Bardoli Satyagraha Features<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The Bardoli Satyagraha of 1928 was a significant nonviolent resistance movement led by Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel in the <\/span><b>Bardoli Taluka of Gujarat<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, India. It was a pivotal event in the Indian struggle for independence, particularly within the broader <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/civil-disobedience-movement\/\" target=\"_blank\"><b>Civil Disobedience Movement<\/b><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">. Below are the detailed features of the Bardoli Satyagraha:<\/span><\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Nature of the Bardoli Satyagraha:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> The Bardoli Satyagraha was a nonviolent resistance movement based on the principles of Satyagraha (truth and nonviolence) advocated by <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/mahatma-gandhi-movements\/\" target=\"_blank\"><b>Mahatma Gandhi<\/b><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">. The movement was marked by its disciplined and organised approach, which focused on maintaining peace and order throughout the agitation.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Leadership of Bardoli Satyagraha:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> The movement was led by<\/span><b> Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, his leadership was instrumental in maintaining the farmers' unity and morale.\u00a0<\/span>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">He was assisted by several local leaders and volunteers who ensured that the movement remained focused and non-violent.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Bardoli Satyagraha Participation: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The Bardoli Satyagraha saw widespread <\/span><b>participation from the farmers<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> of Bardoli, who displayed remarkable courage and determination in the face of adversity.<\/span>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Women <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">also played a significant role in the movement, participating in protests, spreading awareness, and supporting the male agitators.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Bardoli Satyagraha Outcomes\u00a0<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The Bardoli Satyagraha of 1928 had a profound impact on India's struggle for independence and the socio-political landscape of the time that extended beyond the immediate resolution of the tax issue. The following are the critical impacts of Bardoli Satyagraha:<\/span><\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Victory as a <\/b><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/peasant-movement\/\" target=\"_blank\"><b>Peasant Movement<\/b><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">: Under mounting pressure and fearing a larger movement, the British reduced the tax to 6.03%, returned confiscated properties to farmers, and cancelled the auctions.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Shift in British Policies: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The movement compelled British authorities to reconsider and retract their harsh tax policies. The<\/span><b> Maxwell-Broomfield Commission<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> was set up, leading to a reduction in the tax hike and the return of confiscated lands to the farmers.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>International Recognition: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The Bardoli Satyagraha gained international attention, exposing British colonial oppression and earning global sympathy.\u00a0<\/span>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The <\/span><b>UK Parliament <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">even debated the issues raised, highlighting India\u2019s struggle.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Rise of Sardar Patel:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Demonstrating top-tier organising ability, Vallabhbhai Patel earned the title \"Sardar\" (Chief) from local women and supporters for his decisive guidance.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Proof of Peaceful Protest:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> The victory confirmed that strategic, non-violent mass resistance could shatter harsh colonial mandates without resorting to force.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Boost to National Morale:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Defeating the British tax hike restored public confidence across India, creating momentum for larger anti-colonial movements that followed.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Bardoli Satyagraha Criticism<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The Bardoli Satyagraha (1928) is widely celebrated as a triumph of non-violent resistance. However, it is criticised for its narrow focus on landowning farmers, which left underlying agrarian inequalities and labour exploitation largely unaddressed.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Landowner Bias:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> The campaign primarily championed the interests of wealthy and middle-class property owners, marginalising the plight of poor peasants and landless agricultural workers.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Ignored Bonded Labour:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> It failed to challenge <\/span><b><i>Hali Pratha<\/i><\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, the prevalent and deeply coercive system of bonded labour in the region.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Instrumental Strategy:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Critics contend the movement was leveraged as a practical testing ground for Gandhian Satyagraha tactics to advance the national freedom movement, rather than to fix local agrarian structures.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Unresolved Core Exploitation:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> The final settlement left systemic rural grievances, including chronic indebtedness, low wages, and landlessness, completely untouched.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Bardoli Satyagraha Significance<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The Bardoli Satyagraha of 1928 was a significant movement in India's struggle for independence, marked by its profound impact on both the local and national levels. It is significant for several reasons:<\/span><\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Symbol of Non-Violent Resistance: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The Satyagraha became a powerful symbol of non-violent resistance against colonial rule, demonstrating Satyagraha's effectiveness in fostering social and political change through truth and non-violence.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Empowerment of Peasants: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The movement empowered Bardoli's peasants and inspired agrarian activism across India, emphasising the need to address rural grievances and promoting fair governance.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Legacy of Unity and Discipline: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The movement's success stemmed from the unity and discipline of its participants, creating a lasting legacy of collective action that influenced future independence movements in India.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>The Turning Point: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Following the <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/non-cooperation-movement\/\" target=\"_blank\"><b>Non-Cooperation Movement<\/b><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, Bardoli emerged as a hub for initiatives like <\/span><b>khadi production<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, active involvement of women, aiding disadvantaged communities, and preparing the masses for further agitation.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Bardoli Satyagraha UPSC PYQs<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<p><b>Q1: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Many voices had strengthened and enriched the nationalist movement during the Gandhian phase. Elaborate. <\/span><b>(UPSC Mains 2019)<\/b><\/p>\r\n<p><b>Q2<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">: The leader of the Bardoli Satyagraha (1928) was <\/span><b>(UPSC Prelims 2003)<\/b><\/p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">(a) Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">(b) Mahatma Gandhi<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">(c) Vithalbhai J Patel<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">(d) Mahadev Desai<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><b>Ans: (a)<\/b><\/p>\r\n<table style=\"border-collapse: collapse;width: 100%;height: 150px\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 25px\">\r\n<td class=\"tb-color\" style=\"width: 50%;height: 25px;text-align: center\" colspan=\"2\"><strong>Other Related Posts<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 25px\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;height: 25px;text-align: center\"><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/indigo-revolt\/\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>Indigo Revolt<\/strong><\/a><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;height: 25px;text-align: center\"><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/peasant-movement\/\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>Peasant Movements in India<\/strong><\/a><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 25px\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;height: 25px;text-align: center\"><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/pabna-revolt\/\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>Pabna Revolt<\/strong><\/a><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;height: 25px;text-align: center\"><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/eka-movement\/\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>Eka Movement<\/strong><\/a><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 25px\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;height: 25px;text-align: center\"><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/deccan-riots\/\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>Deccan Riots<\/strong><\/a><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;height: 25px;text-align: center\"><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/bardoli-satyagraha\/\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>Bardoli Satyagraha<\/strong><\/a><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 25px\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;height: 25px;text-align: center\"><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/all-india-kisan-sabha\/\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>All India Kisan Sabha<\/strong><\/a><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;height: 25px;text-align: center\"><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/tebhaga-movement\/\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>Tebhaga Movement<\/strong><\/a><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 25px\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;height: 25px;text-align: center\" colspan=\"2\"><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/telangana-movement\/\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>Telangana Movement<\/strong><\/a><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The Bardoli Satyagraha, led by Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel, was a farmers&#8217; protest against a 22% British tax hike. Learn about its date, year, causes, leader, outcomes.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":4548,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[38,20],"tags":[476,40,1067],"class_list":["post-4547","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-upsc-notes","category-upsc-modern-history-notes","tag-bardoli-satyagraha","tag-quest","tag-upsc-modern-history-notes"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4547","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4547"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4547\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":30406,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4547\/revisions\/30406"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/4548"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4547"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4547"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4547"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}