{"id":5694,"date":"2026-09-02T16:05:49","date_gmt":"2026-09-02T10:35:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/?p=5694"},"modified":"2026-09-02T16:25:38","modified_gmt":"2026-09-02T10:55:38","slug":"chhatrapati-shivaji-maharaj","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/chhatrapati-shivaji-maharaj\/","title":{"rendered":"Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj, History, Administration, UPSC Notes"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><b>Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> was one of the most prominent rulers of 17th-century India and the founder of the Maratha state. He built an independent kingdom in the western Deccan by challenging the Bijapur Sultanate and later the Mughal Empire. He is particularly remembered for his military innovation, fort-based defence, naval development, administrative reforms, and the establishment of Swarajya.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">His rise began in the hilly regions of the Deccan, where he strategically captured forts and built a network of strongholds. His military system combined rapid cavalry movements, knowledge of local terrain, surprise attacks and fortification-based defence. Shivaji Maharaj was formally crowned at Raigad in 1674, assuming the title of Chhatrapati and giving institutional form to the Maratha state.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj History<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj was born on February 19, 1630, to Shahaji Bhosle and Jijabai at Shivneri Fort, located in the Pune district of Maharashtra. Shivaji established his independent kingdom by breaking away from the Sultanate of Bijapur, which marked the beginning of the Maratha Confederacy.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<h3><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Early Life of Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj<\/span><\/h3>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Chhatrapati Shivaji's formative years were significantly shaped by his mother, Jijabai, and his guardian, Dadoji Kondadeo.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Jijabai's influence cultivated in him a strong sense of religious and cultural identity.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Dadoji Kondadev, entrusted with Shivaji's upbringing, oversaw his education in administration, military strategy, and the intricacies of revenue systems.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Chhatrapati Shivaji's paternal grandfather, Maloji (1552\u20131597), served as a distinguished general in the Ahmadnagar Sultanate and received the honorific title of \"Raja\u201d.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Maloji received Deshmukh rights for Pune, Supe, Chakan, and Indapur to support military expenses. Around 1590, he was awarded Fort Shivneri to serve as his family's residence.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Rise of Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Chhatrapati Shivaji established a strong and efficient government after taking power, supported by a well-trained army and a well-organized administrative system.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">In 1674, Shivaji was formally recognized as Chhatrapati of his kingdom at Raigad Fort.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Chhatrapati Shivaji, known as the Father of the Indian Navy, was the first to recognize the significance of a naval force and built forts to defend the Konkan region of Maharashtra.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">He was referred to as the 'Mountain Rat' and gained widespread recognition for his guerrilla warfare methods.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Chhatrapati Shivaji, known for his honorable treatment of women, welcomed individuals from diverse castes and religions into his administration and armed forces, including both Muslims and Europeans.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj Wars and Conquests<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">When Chhatrapati Shivaji was born, the Deccan region was divided among three Muslim kingdoms: Bijapur, Ahmednagar, and Golkonda, as well as the Mughal Empire.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">He began his campaign against the Bijapur Sultanate in 1645 by capturing Torna Fort in 1646 at the age of 16.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj, after the Battle of Purandar ( 1665 ), became a vassal of the Mughal Empire and briefly participated in military campaigns on their behalf.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Shivaji became an expert in guerrilla warfare, known as \"Ganimi Kawa\" in Marathi. His tactics constantly surprised and defeated the armies sent against him.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h3><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Conflict with Bijapur Sultanate<\/span><\/h3>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Chhatrapati Shivaji's father, Shahaji, was a rebel against the Mughal Empire who sought opportunities for land grants in the Bijapur of <a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/deccan-sultanates\/\" target=\"_blank\">Deccan Sultanate<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li><b>Background and Context: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Chhatrapati Shivaji was born during a period of instability and frequent relocation due to his father's conflicts with the Mughals. In 1636, the Adil Shahi Sultanate of Bijapur launched an invasion of the southern kingdoms, aided by Shahaji.<\/span>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Shahaji, who had received Poona as a grant, placed Dadoji Kondadeo in charge of its administration.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">He was deployed to Bangalore by the Bijapur Sultanate Adil Shah while Chhatrapati Shivaji and his mother, Jijabai, settled in Poona.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">After Kondadeo died in 1647, Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj took control of Poona. One of his first actions was to oppose the Bijapur government directly.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n\t<li><b>Conflict:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj began his rise to power by capturing Torna Fort in 1646\u00a0 amidst the turmoil in the Bijapur court.<\/span>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">He continued his expansion by capturing key forts and towns near Pune, including Purandar, Kondhana, and Chakan.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj established his headquarters at Rajgad.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The Bijapur government, alarmed by his growing power, imprisoned his father, Shahaji, on July 25, 1648.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Following Shahaji's release in 1649, Chhatrapati Shivaji resumed his raids.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">He killed Chandra Rao More, a fellow Maratha vassal of Bijapur, which facilitated further conquests.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">To consolidate his power, Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj brought several powerful families under his control through various strategies such as marriage alliances, direct dealings with village leaders, and force.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">However, after the death of Shahaji around 1664-1665, the Bijapur government, dissatisfied with the losses to Shivaji's forces, sent <\/span><b>Afzal Khan<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> to arrest him in <\/span><b>1657<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n\t<li><b>Battle of Pratapgarh ( 1659 ): <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The Battle of Pratapgarh occurred on November 10, 1659, at Pratapgarh Fort in Satara. The battle took place between Chhatrapati Shivaji's Maratha army and the Bijapur forces commanded by General Afzal Khan.<\/span>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The Marathas secured a decisive victory, marking their first major military success against a prominent regional power.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n\t<li><b>Capture of Panhala Fort<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">: After overcoming Bijapuri forces in 1659, Chhatrapati Shivaji advanced to the Konkan coast and Kolhapur, capturing Panhala Fort.<\/span>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">In 1660, Siddi Jauhar, a general of Adilshah, besieged Panhala with the support of the Mughals.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">After months of siege, Chhatrapati Shivaji surrendered Panhala Fort on September 22, 1660.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">He then moved to Vishalgad and later recaptured Panhala in 1673.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n\t<li><b>Battle of Pavan Khind ( 1660 )<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">: The Battle of Pavan Khind occurred on July 13, 1660, with Maratha leaders facing Siddi Masud of the Bijapur Sultanate.<\/span>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The battle resulted in the defeat of the Marathas, but the Bijapur Sultanate did not accomplish its overall objectives.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Ghod Khind was later referred to as Paavan Khind.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h3><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Conflict With Mughal Empire<\/span><\/h3>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Chhatrapati Shivaji initially allied with the Mughals but later rebelled and attacked Mughal territory in 1657. In response, Aurangzeb sent Nasiri Khan against Chhatrapati Shivaji, but his efforts were hindered by the rainy season and conflict over the throne.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li><b>Battle of Chakan ( 1660 )<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">: The Battle of Chakan in 1660 occurred between Mughal forces under Shaista Khan and Maratha troops under Firangoji Narsala at Chakan in Maharashtra, which ultimately forced Maratha commander Firangoji to capitulate.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li><b>Battle of Surat ( 1664 ): <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj attacked Shaista Khan's camp in 1663, injuring Khan and forcing him to flee.<\/span>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">In retaliation, Chhatrapati Shivaji raided Surat in 1664 and Basrur in 1665.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n\t<li><b>Treaty of Purandar (1665): <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/aurangzeb-and-fall-of-mughals\/\" target=\"_blank\">Aurangzeb<\/a> was infuriated by Chhatrapati Shivaji's assaults on Shaista Khan and Surat. To counter this, he dispatched Jai Singh along with an army to defeat Shivaji.<\/span>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Shivaji, facing a formidable Mughal army, negotiated and signed the Treaty of Purandar in 1665.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">As part of the treaty, Shivaji agreed to Mughal authority and sent his son Sambhaji to serve as a mansabdar in the Mughal court.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n\t<li><b>Shivaji's Detention in Agra and Escape: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Aurangzeb called Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj and his son Sambhaji to his court in Agra in 1666. During the proceedings, Chhatrapati Shivaji was dishonoured and subsequently placed under house arrest.<\/span>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">However, on August 17, 1666, Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj escaped with his son Sambhaji.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n\t<li><b>Peace with Mughals:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Following Chhatrapati Shivaji's departure from Agra, tensions with the Mughals eased. Jaswant Singh served as a mediator for peace between Chhatrapati Shivaji and Aurangzeb.<\/span>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Aurangzeb bestowed the title of raja upon Chhatrapati Shivaji and reinstated Sambhaji as a Mughal mansabdar between 1666 and 1668.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n\t<li><b>Battle of Sinhagad or Kondhana ( 1670 ): <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Battle of Sinhagad<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400\">was fought between Marathas led by Tanaji and Mughals near Pune in Maharashtra. Chhatrapati Shivaji took back Sinhagad Fort from the Mughals.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li><b>Battle of Salher ( 1672 )<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">: The Battle of Salher took place between the Marathas and the Mughals near Salher Fort in Nashik district in 1672. The battle is considered important as it marked the first major victory for the Marathas against the <a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/mughal-empire\/\" target=\"_blank\">Mughal Empire<\/a>.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h3><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Conquests in Southern India<\/span><\/h3>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Beginning in 1674, Marathas attacked Khandesh and captured Bijapur, Ponda, Karwar, and Kolhapur. The Maratha navy clashed with the Siddis of Janjira but couldn\u2019t drive them out.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">After getting better from an illness and capitalizing on a civil war in Bijapur, Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj campaigned against Athani in April 1676.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Chhatrapati Shivaji urged the people of Southern India to unite against external threats, resulting in a successful treaty with the Qutubshah of Golkonda in 1677.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj Administration<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj was crowned in 1674 at the Raigad Fort in present-day Maharashtra, India. During this event, he established a council of eight ministers to assist in managing his new state, known as the Ashta Pradhan.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li><b>Ashta Pradhan<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">: The Ashta Pradhan, a council of eight ministers, served as the cabinet for the Maratha Confederacy. Each minister had specific responsibilities, including administration, finance, military, foreign affairs, justice, and religion.<\/span>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The titles of the ministers were derived from the Sanskrit language.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">While the Panditrao and Nyayadhis focused on religious and legal matters, the other ministers also had military roles.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Their civil responsibilities were frequently handled by deputies.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Ashta Pradhan is noted for introducing effective governance in the Maratha region and for its role in the Marathas' military efforts against the Mughal Empire.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n\t<li><b>Advocacy of Marathi and Sanskrit:\u00a0 <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj promoted Marathi as a formal language and appointed an official to compile a glossary to replace Persian and Arabic words with their Sanskrit equivalents.<\/span>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj used Sanskrit for his official seal. The seal was used to validate documents<\/span><b>.<\/b><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n\t<li><b>Religious Policies: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Chhatrapati Shivaji promoted religious harmony and formed alliances with Muslim states. <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">His army included Muslim leaders, like Darya Sarang, a prominent commander.<\/span>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj lived during the same time as Samarth Ramdas, a Brahmin teacher.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj Warfare<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Aurangzeb and his generals referred to Chhatrapati Shivaji as a \"Mountain Rat\" because of his guerrilla methods of ambushing enemy forces and then retreating to his mountain forts. He took advantage of the local landscape and maintained a small but effective army, mainly made up of peasants from the Maratha and Kunbi castes.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li><b>Military: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Shivaji\u2019s military approach centred on employing his ground and naval forces, along with a network of forts throughout the region.<\/span>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The Maval infantry formed the backbone of his ground forces and was accompanied by Maratha cavalry.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">He had basic artillery and depended on European providers.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n\t<li><b>Hill Forts<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">: Hill forts were essential to Shivaji's strategy. He seized and constructed numerous forts, including Adilshahi forts at Murambdev (Rajgad), Torna, Kondhana (Sinhagad), and Purandar.<\/span>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj assigned three officers to oversee their security.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Chhatrapati Shivaji controlled approximately 240 to 280 forts by the time of his death.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n\t<li><b>Navy: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Chhatrapati<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Shivaji Maharaj recognised the need for naval power to control the Konkan coast and began building his navy by capturing and repairing coastal forts.\u00a0<\/span>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">He recruited lower-caste Hindus skilled in naval operations, referred to as the \"Malabar pirates\", along with Muslim mercenaries.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">He built his first marine fort at Sindhudurg, which became the headquarters of the Maratha navy.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj Children and Successors<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj had two sons, Sambhaji and Rajaram, who were half-brothers from different mothers. After Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj died in 1681, Sambhaji inherited the throne and continued pursuing his father's expansionist ambitions.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Sambhaji was later captured and executed by the Mughals.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Rajaram then took the throne but was forced to flee to Ginjee Fort by the Mughals. He later died at Satara.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Rajaram\u2019s young son, Shivaji II (<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Ramaraja),<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> succeeded him with his mother, Tara Bai, as regent.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The next ruler, Shahu, son of Sambhaji, saw the rise of the Peshwas to power.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">In 1713, Shahu designated Balaji Vishwanath as the Peshwa.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<table style=\"border-collapse: collapse;width: 100%;height: 200px\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 25px\">\r\n<td class=\"tb-color\" style=\"width: 50%;text-align: center;height: 25px\" colspan=\"2\"><strong>Other Related Posts<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 25px\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;height: 25px;text-align: center\"><a 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href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/chhatrapati-shivaji-maharaj\/\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj<\/strong><\/a><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 25px\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;text-align: center;height: 25px\"><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/battle-of-bhima-koregaon\/\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>Battle of Bhima Koregaon<\/strong><\/a><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;text-align: center;height: 25px\"><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/anglo-burmese-war\/\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>Anglo Burmese War<\/strong><\/a><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 25px\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;text-align: center;height: 25px\"><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/maharaja-ranjit-singh\/\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>Maharaja Ranjit Singh<\/strong><\/a><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;text-align: center;height: 25px\"><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/anglo-nepal-war\/\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>Anglo Nepal War<\/strong><\/a><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj, 16 years old, seized Torna Fort in 1646 amidst the turmoil in the Bijapur court due to Sultan Mohammed Adil Shah&#8217;s illness.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":5695,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[38,20],"tags":[859,40,1067],"class_list":["post-5694","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-upsc-notes","category-upsc-modern-history-notes","tag-chhatrapati-shivaji-maharaj","tag-quest","tag-upsc-modern-history-notes"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5694","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5694"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5694\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":29147,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5694\/revisions\/29147"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/5695"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5694"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5694"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5694"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}