{"id":5694,"date":"2026-02-19T10:25:49","date_gmt":"2026-02-19T04:55:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/?p=5694"},"modified":"2026-02-19T10:46:06","modified_gmt":"2026-02-19T05:16:06","slug":"chhatrapati-shivaji-maharaj","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/chhatrapati-shivaji-maharaj\/","title":{"rendered":"Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj, Wars &#038; Conquests, Administration"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj'<\/strong>s path to establishing an independent Maratha empire was deeply intertwined with the political landscape of <strong>17th-century India.<\/strong> Born into the esteemed Bhonsle family, he witnessed the decline of the <strong>Nizamshahi dynasty<\/strong> and the encroaching influence of both the Bijapur Sultanate and the Mughal Empire.<\/p>\r\n<p>Chhatrapati Shivaji showed great political skill throughout his reign by combining bold actions against powerful adversaries with strategic diplomacy. His legacy includes administrative reforms, a strong military system, and the revival of Hindu traditions, establishing him as a skilled ruler and a symbol of Maratha pride.<\/p>\r\n<h2>About Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj (1630-1680)<\/h2>\r\n<p>Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj was born on <strong>February 19, 1630<\/strong>, to<strong> Shahaji Bhosle<\/strong> and <strong>Jijabai<\/strong> at <strong>Shivneri Fort<\/strong>, located in the Pune district of Maharashtra. Shivaji established his independent kingdom by breaking away from the<strong> Sultanate of Bijapur<\/strong> which marked the beginning of the Maratha Confederacy.<\/p>\r\n<p>Chhatrapati Shivaji established a strong and efficient government after taking power, supported by a well-trained army and a well-organized administrative system.<\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li>In <strong>1674<\/strong>, <strong>Shivaji<\/strong> was formally recognized as<strong> Chhatrapati<\/strong> of his kingdom at <strong>Raigad Fort<\/strong>.<\/li>\r\n\t<li>Chhatrapati Shivaji, known as the <strong>Father of the Indian Navy<\/strong>, was the first to recognize the significance of a naval force and built forts to defend the Konkan region of Maharashtra.<\/li>\r\n\t<li>He was referred to as the <strong>'Mountain Rat'<\/strong> and gained widespread recognition for his guerrilla warfare methods.<\/li>\r\n\t<li>Chhatrapati Shivaji, known for his <strong>honorable treatment of women,<\/strong> welcomed individuals from <strong>diverse castes<\/strong> and <strong>religions<\/strong> into his administration and armed forces, including both Muslims and Europeans.<\/li>\r\n\t<li><strong>Early Life: <\/strong>Chhatrapati Shivaji's formative years were significantly shaped by his mother, <strong>Jijabai<\/strong>, and his guardian,<strong> Dadoji Kondadeo.<\/strong>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li><strong>Jijabai's influence cultivated in him a strong sense of religious and cultural identity.<\/strong><\/li>\r\n\t<li><strong>Dadaji Kondadev<\/strong>, entrusted with Shivaji's upbringing, oversaw his education in administration, military strategy, and the intricacies of revenue systems.<\/li>\r\n\t<li>Chhatrapati Shivaji's paternal grandfather, <strong>Maloji (1552\u20131597),<\/strong> served as a distinguished general in the<strong> Ahmadnagar Sultanate<\/strong> and received the honorific title of <strong>\"Raja\u201d.<\/strong><\/li>\r\n\t<li><strong>Maloji <\/strong>received <strong>Deshmukh rights<\/strong> for Pune, Supe, Chakan, and Indapur to support military expenses. Around 1590, he was awarded <strong>Fort Shivneri <\/strong>to serve as his family's residence.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h2>Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj Wars and Conquests<\/h2>\r\n<p>When Chhatrapati Shivaji was born, the <strong>Deccan region<\/strong> was divided among <strong>three Muslim kingdoms<\/strong>: <strong>Bijapur<\/strong>, <strong>Ahmednagar<\/strong>, and <strong>Golkonda<\/strong>, as well as the <strong>Mughal Empire<\/strong>.<\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li>He began his campaign against the Bijapur Sultanate in 1645 by capturing <strong>Torna Fort<\/strong> in <strong>1646<\/strong> at the age of 16.<\/li>\r\n\t<li>Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj, after the <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/battle-of-purandar\/\" target=\"_blank\">Battle of Purandar<\/a> ( 1665 )<\/strong>, became a vassal of the Mughal Empire and briefly participated in military campaigns on their behalf.<\/li>\r\n\t<li>Shivaji became an expert in <strong>guerrilla warfare<\/strong>, known as <strong>\"Ganimi Kawa\"<\/strong> in Marathi. His tactics constantly surprised and defeated the armies sent against him.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h3>Conflict with Bijapur Sultanate<\/h3>\r\n<p>Chhatrapati Shivaji's father, <strong>Shahaji<\/strong>, was a rebel against the Mughal Empire who sought opportunities for land grants in the Bijapur Sultanate.<\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li><strong>Background and Context: <\/strong>ChhatrapatiShivaji was born during a period of instability and frequent relocation due to his father's conflicts with the Mughals. In <strong>1636<\/strong>, the <strong>Adil Shahi Sultanate of Bijapur<\/strong> launched an invasion of the southern kingdoms, aided by <strong>Shahaji.<\/strong>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li><strong>Shahaji,<\/strong> who had received <strong>Poona as a grant<\/strong>, placed <strong>Dadoji Kondadeo<\/strong> in charge of its administration.<\/li>\r\n\t<li>He was deployed to <strong>Bangalore<\/strong> by Bijapur Sultanate Adil Shah while Chhatrapati Shivaji and his mother, Jijabai, settled in Poona.<\/li>\r\n\t<li>After Kondadeo died in 1647, <strong>ChhatrapatiShivaji Maharaj took control of Poona<\/strong>. One of his first actions was to oppose the Bijapur government directly.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n\t<li><strong>Conflict: Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj <\/strong>began his rise to power by capturing <strong>Torna Fort in 1646 <\/strong>amidst the turmoil in the Bijapur court.\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li>He continued his expansion by capturing key forts and towns near Pune including <strong>Purandar, Kondhana,<\/strong> and<strong> Chakan<\/strong>.<\/li>\r\n\t<li>Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj established his <strong>headquarters at Rajgad<\/strong>.<\/li>\r\n\t<li>The Bijapur government, alarmed by his growing power, imprisoned his father, Shahaji <strong>on July 25, 1648<\/strong>.<\/li>\r\n\t<li>Following Shahaji's release in <strong>1649,<\/strong> Chhatrapati Shivaji resumed his raids.<\/li>\r\n\t<li>He killed <strong>Chandra Rao More<\/strong>, a fellow <strong>Maratha vassal of Bijapur<\/strong>, which facilitated further conquests.<\/li>\r\n\t<li>To consolidate his power, Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj brought several powerful families under his control through various strategies such as <strong>marriage alliances<\/strong>, direct dealings with village leaders, and force.<\/li>\r\n\t<li>However, <strong>after the death of Shahaji <\/strong>around 1664-1665, the<strong> Bijapur government<\/strong>, dissatisfied with the losses to Shivaji's forces, sent <strong>Afzal Khan<\/strong> to arrest him in <strong>1657<\/strong>.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n\t<li><strong>Battle of Pratapgarh ( 1659 ): <\/strong>The Battle of Pratapgad occurred on <strong>November 10, 1659, <\/strong>at Pratapgarh Fort in Satara. The battle took place between <strong>Chhatrapati Shivaji's Maratha army <\/strong>and the <strong>Bijapur forces <\/strong>commanded by <strong>General Afzal Khan.<\/strong>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li>The Marathas secured a decisive victory, marking their first major military success against a prominent regional power.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n\t<li><strong>Capture of Panhala Fort<\/strong>: After overcoming Bijapuri forces in 1659, Chhatrapati Shivaji advanced to the Konkan coast and Kolhapur, capturing Panhala Fort.\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li>In <strong>1660<\/strong>, <strong>Siddi Jauhar, a general of Adilshah<\/strong>, besieged Panhala with the support of the Mughals.<\/li>\r\n\t<li>After months of siege, Chhatrapati Shivaji surrendered the Panhala fort on September 22, 1660.<\/li>\r\n\t<li>He then moved to Vishalgad and<strong> later recaptured Panhala in 1673.<\/strong><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n\t<li><strong>Battle of Pavan Khind ( 1660 )<\/strong>: The Battle of Pavan Khind occurred on <strong>July 13, 1660,<\/strong> with <strong>Maratha leaders <\/strong>facing Siddi Masud of the <strong>Bijapur Sultanate.<\/strong>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li>The battle resulted in the <strong>defeat of the Marathas<\/strong> but the Bijapur Sultanate did not accomplish its overall objectives.<\/li>\r\n\t<li><strong>Ghod Khind <\/strong>was later referred to as <strong>Paavan Khind.<\/strong><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h3>Conflict With Mughal Empire<\/h3>\r\n<p>Chhatrapati Shivaji initially allied with the Mughals but later rebelled and attacked Mughal territory in 1657. In response, Aurangzeb sent<strong> Nasiri Khan<\/strong> against <strong>ChhatrapatiShivaji<\/strong>, but his efforts were hindered by the rainy season and conflict over the throne.<\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li><strong>Battle of Chakan ( 1660 )<\/strong>: The Battle of Chakan in 1660 occurred between<strong> Mughal forces under Shaista Khan<\/strong> and <strong>Maratha troops under Firangoji Narsala <\/strong>at Chakan in Maharashtra which ultimately forced Maratha commander Firangoji to capitulate.<\/li>\r\n\t<li><strong>Battle of Surat ( 1664 ): <\/strong>Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj attacked Shaista Khan's camp in <strong>1663<\/strong>, injuring Khan and forcing him to flee.<\/li>\r\n\t<li>In retaliation, Chhatrapati Shivaji raided <strong>Surat in 1664<\/strong> and Basrur in 1665.<\/li>\r\n\t<li><strong>Treaty of Purandar ( 1665 ): <\/strong>Aurangzeb was infuriated by Chhatrapati Shivaji's assaults on Shaista Khan and Surat. To counter this, he dispatched <strong>Jai Singh <\/strong>along with an army to defeat Shivaji.\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li>Shivaji, facing a formidable Mughal army, negotiated and signed the <strong>Treaty of Purandar in 1665.<\/strong><\/li>\r\n\t<li>As part of the treaty, Shivaji agreed to Mughal authority and sent his son <strong>Sambhaji to serve as a mansabdar<\/strong> in the Mughal court.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n\t<li><strong>Shivaji's Detention in Agra and Escape: <\/strong>Aurangzeb calledChhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj and his son Sambhaji to his court in <strong>Agra <\/strong>in <strong>1666. <\/strong>During the proceedings, Chhatrapati Shivaji was dishonored and subsequently placed under house arrest.\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li>However, <strong>on August 17, 1666,<\/strong> Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj escaped with his son Sambhaji.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n\t<li><strong>Peace with Mughals<\/strong>: Following Chhatrapati Shivaji's departure from Agra, tensions with the Mughals eased. <strong>Jaswant Singh <\/strong>served as a<strong> mediator<\/strong> for peace between Chhatrapati <strong>Shivaji <\/strong>and <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/aurangzeb-and-fall-of-mughals\/\" target=\"_blank\">Aurangzeb<\/a>.<\/strong>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li><strong>Aurangzeb<\/strong> bestowed the title of <strong>raja upon Chhatrapati Shivaji <\/strong>and reinstated <strong>Sambhaji as a Mughal mansabdar<\/strong> between 1666 and 1668.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n\t<li><strong>Battle of Sinhagad or Kondhana ( 1670 ): <\/strong>The Battle of Sinhagadwas fought between Marathas led by <strong>Tanaji <\/strong>and <strong>Mughals <\/strong>near Pune in Maharashtra. Chhatrapati Shivaji took back<strong> Sinhagad fort from the Mughals.<\/strong><\/li>\r\n\t<li><strong>Battle of Salher ( 1672 )<\/strong>: The <strong>Battle of Salher<\/strong> took place between <strong>the Marathas and the Mughals <\/strong>near Salher Fort in Nashik district in <strong>1672<\/strong>. The battle is considered important as it marked the <strong>first major victory<\/strong> for the Marathas against the Mughal Empire.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h3>Conquests in Southern India<\/h3>\r\n<p>Beginning in <strong>1674,<\/strong> Marathas attacked Khandesh and captured <strong>Bijapuri Ponda<\/strong>, <strong>Karwar<\/strong>, and <strong>Kolhapur.<\/strong> The Maratha navy clashed with the <strong>Siddis of Janjira <\/strong>but couldn\u2019t drive them out.<\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li>After getting better from an illness and capitalizing on a civil war in Bijapur, Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj campaigned against <strong>Athani in April 1676.<\/strong><\/li>\r\n\t<li><strong>Chhatrapati Shivaji <\/strong>urged the people of Southern India to unite against external threats, resulting in a successful treaty with the <strong>Qutubshah of Golkonda in 1677.<\/strong><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h2>Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj Administration<\/h2>\r\n<p>Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj was crowned in <strong>1674<\/strong> at the<strong> Raigad Fort<\/strong> in present-day Maharashtra, India. During this event, he established <strong>a council of eight ministers<\/strong> to assist in managing his new state, known as the<strong> Ashta Pradhan<\/strong>.<\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li><strong>Ashta Pradhan<\/strong>: The Ashta Pradhan, <strong>a council of eight ministers<\/strong>, served as the cabinet for the Maratha Confederacy. Each minister had specific responsibilities, including administration, finance, military, foreign affairs, justice, and religion.\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li>The titles of the ministers were derived from the <strong>Sanskrit language<\/strong>.<\/li>\r\n\t<li>While the <strong>Panditrao and Nyayadhis<\/strong> focused on religious and legal matters, the other ministers also had military roles.<\/li>\r\n\t<li>Their civil responsibilities were frequently handled by deputies.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p>Ashta Pradhan is noted for introducing <strong>effective governance<\/strong> in the Maratha region and for its role in the Marathas' military efforts against the Mughal Empire.<\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li><strong>Advocacy of Marathi and Sanskrit: <\/strong>Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj promoted Marathi as a formal language and appointed an official to compile a glossary to replace Persian and Arabic words with their Sanskrit equivalents.\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li>Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj used <strong>Sanskrit for his official seal<\/strong>. Seal was used to validate documents<strong>.<\/strong><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n\t<li><strong>Religious Policies: <\/strong>Chhatrapati Shivaji promoted religious harmony and formed alliances with Muslim states.\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li>Chhatrapati Shivaji\u2019s army included Muslim leaders, like<strong> Darya Sarang<\/strong>, a prominent commander.<\/li>\r\n\t<li>Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj lived during the same time as <strong>Samarth Ramdas<\/strong>, a Brahmin teacher.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h2>Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj Warfare Strategy<\/h2>\r\n<p>Aurangzeb and his generals referred to Chhatrapati Shivaji as a <strong>\"Mountain Rat\"<\/strong> because of his <strong>guerrilla methods <\/strong>of ambushing enemy forces and then retreating to his mountain forts. He took advantage of the local landscape and maintained a <strong>small but effective army<\/strong>, mainly made up of<strong> peasants <\/strong>from the <strong>Maratha <\/strong>and <strong>Kunbi castes.<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li><strong>Military: <\/strong>Shivaji\u2019s military approach centered on employing his ground and naval forces, along with a network of forts throughout the region.\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li>The Maval infantry formed the backbone of his ground forces and was accompanied by Maratha cavalry.<\/li>\r\n\t<li>He had basic artillery and depended on European providers.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n\t<li><strong>Hill Forts<\/strong>: Hill forts were essential to Shivaji's strategy. He seized and constructed numerous forts, including Adilshahi forts at <strong>Murambdev<\/strong> ( Rajgad ), <strong>Torna<\/strong>, <strong>Kondhana<\/strong> ( Sinhagad ), and <strong>Purandar<\/strong>.\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li>Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj assigned three officers to oversee their security.<\/li>\r\n\t<li>Chhatrapati Shivaji controlled approximately<strong> 240 to 280<\/strong> forts by the time of his death.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n\t<li><strong>Navy: <\/strong>ChhatrapatiShivaji Maharaj recognized the need for <strong>naval power <\/strong>to control the <strong>Konkan coast <\/strong>and began building his navy by capturing and repairing coastal forts.\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li>He recruited <strong>lower-caste Hindus <\/strong>skilled in naval operations, referred to as the \"<strong>Malabar pirates,<\/strong>\" along with Muslim mercenaries<strong>.<\/strong><\/li>\r\n\t<li>He built his<strong> first marine fort<\/strong> at<strong> Sindhudurg<\/strong>, which became the <strong>headquarters<\/strong> of the Maratha navy.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h2>Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj\u2019s Successors<\/h2>\r\n<p><strong>Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj <\/strong>had two sons, <strong>Sambhaji <\/strong>and <strong>Rajaram<\/strong>, who were half-brothers from different mothers. After <strong>Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj died in 1681<\/strong>, <strong>Sambhaji inherited the throne<\/strong> and continued pursuing his father's expansionist ambitions.<\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li><strong>Sambhaji<\/strong> was later captured and executed by the Mughals.<\/li>\r\n\t<li><strong>Rajaram<\/strong> then took the throne but was forced to flee to Ginjee Fort by the Mughals. He later died at Satara.<\/li>\r\n\t<li>Rajaram\u2019s young son, <strong>Shivaji II<\/strong> (<strong>Ramaraja<\/strong>), succeeded him with his mother, <strong>Tara Bai<\/strong>, as regent.<\/li>\r\n\t<li>The next ruler, <strong>Shahu<\/strong>, son of Sambaji saw the rise of the Peshwas to power.<\/li>\r\n\t<li>In 1713, Shahu designated <strong>Balaji Vishwanath<\/strong> as the <strong>Peshwa.<\/strong><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<table style=\"border-collapse: collapse;width: 100%;height: 200px\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 25px\">\r\n<td class=\"tb-color\" style=\"width: 50%;text-align: center;height: 25px\" colspan=\"2\"><strong>Other Related Posts<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 25px\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;height: 25px;text-align: center\"><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/battle-of-plassey\/\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>Battle of Plassey<\/strong><\/a><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;height: 25px;text-align: center\"><a 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50%;text-align: center;height: 25px\"><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/battle-of-bhima-koregaon\/\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>Battle of Bhima Koregaon<\/strong><\/a><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;text-align: center;height: 25px\"><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/anglo-burmese-war\/\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>Anglo Burmese War<\/strong><\/a><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 25px\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;text-align: center;height: 25px\"><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/maharaja-ranjit-singh\/\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>Maharaja Ranjit Singh<\/strong><\/a><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;text-align: center;height: 25px\"><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/anglo-nepal-war\/\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>Anglo Nepal War<\/strong><\/a><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj, 16 years old, seized Torna Fort in 1646 amidst the turmoil in the Bijapur court due to Sultan Mohammed Adil Shah&#8217;s illness.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":5695,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[239],"tags":[859,40],"class_list":{"0":"post-5694","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-quest-level-4","8":"tag-chhatrapati-shivaji-maharaj","9":"tag-quest"},"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5694","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5694"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5694\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":22641,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5694\/revisions\/22641"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/5695"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5694"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5694"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5694"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}