{"id":8696,"date":"2025-11-07T12:26:17","date_gmt":"2025-11-07T06:56:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/?p=8696"},"modified":"2025-11-08T16:39:36","modified_gmt":"2025-11-08T11:09:36","slug":"western-chalukyas","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/western-chalukyas\/","title":{"rendered":"Western Chalukyas, Rulers, Administration, Architecture, Literature"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><b>Western Chalukyas,<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> successors to the Badami Chalukyas<\/span><b>,<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> ruled the Deccan region from the 10th to 12th centuries, with Kalyani as their capital. Known for military strength, diplomatic strategies, and stable administration, they successfully resisted challenges from neighbouring dynasties like the Cholas and Rashtrakutas. They significantly contributed to South India's cultural development, especially through patronage of arts, architecture, and literature.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Their administration was decentralized, and society experienced reform with the rise of Veerashaivism. Western Chalukyan architecture blended Nagara and Dravidian styles, as seen in temples like the Mahadeva Temple. Literature flourished, with notable contributions in Kannada and Sanskrit by poets like Ranna and Bilhana.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Western Chalukyas Background<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<p><b>Western Chalukyas<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> emerged as successors to the <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/chalukyas-of-badami\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\"><b>Chalukyas of Badami <\/b><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">after a decline in the latter dynasty\u2019s control over Deccan territories. The dynasty was established in the mid-10th century, with <\/span><b>Kalyani<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> (p<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">resent-day Basavakalyan in Karnataka) as its capital. It was strategically positioned to maintain influence over the rich agricultural and trade areas along the <\/span><b>Krishna<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> and <\/span><b>Tungabhadra<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> rivers.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The Western Chalukyas rose to power through effective military strategies, alliances, and stable administration.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">They resisted challenges from neighbouring dynasties like the <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/imperial-cholas\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\"><b>Imperial<\/b> <b>Cholas<\/b><\/a><b> and <\/b><b><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/rashtrakutas\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Rashtrakutas<\/a>,<\/b> <span style=\"font-weight: 400\">expanding their territory through military and diplomacy.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Known for their patronage of arts and literature, they significantly influenced South India's cultural landscape. This period also laid the groundwork for the later expansion and cultural achievements of the Hoysala Empire.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Western Chalukyas Rulers<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The Western Chalukyan dynasty, ruling over parts of present-day Maharashtra, Karnataka, and Andhra Pradesh, is known for its influential rulers, military conquests, and contributions to culture and governance. Notable rulers like Tailapa II, Someshwara I, and Vikramaditya VI left lasting legacies through their military campaigns and administrative reforms.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Tailapa II (957 AD to 997 AD)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">: The Chalukya dynasty was founded by Tailapa II by defeating the Rashtrakuta ruler Kakka II (Karaka). Tailapa II spent much of his reign battling Munja, the Paramara king of Dhara and defeated him in 995 AD. Two years later, Tailapa II passed away, with his son Satyasraya succeeding him.\u00a0<\/span>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Tailpa II patronised a Kannada poet, Ranna, one of the gems of Kannada literature.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Satyashraya (997 AD to 1008 AD)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">: He continued his father's aggressive policies and engaged in wars with the Eastern Chalukyas and Cholas. His reign faced a major setback when Rajendra I defeated him under the reign of <\/span><b>Rajaraja I.<\/b><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Someshwara I (1042 AD to 1068 AD)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">: Also known as Ahavamalla or Trilokamalla. He established Kalyani as its capital. Someshwara I's reign is remembered for numerous wars. Rajadhiraja I of the Chola dynasty attacked and overran the Chalukyan capital. However, a Chalukyan counterattack forced the Cholas to retreat.\u00a0<\/span>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The Chalukya army raided the Chola capital of Kanchipuram under Someshwara-I but was repelled.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Rajadhiraja Chola was finally killed in the Battle of Koppam. The brother of Someshwara was killed in this attack.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Vikramaditya VI (1076 AD to 1126 AD): <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">He ascended the throne after defeating his brother, Someshwara II, with the support of the Cholas during the reign of Kulottunga I. He was known by the titles \"Permadideva\" and \"Tribhuvanamalla\".<\/span>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">He is celebrated as a hero in the poem <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Vikramankadevacharita<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, written by the Kashmir poet Bilhana.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Vikramaditya VI ruled for nearly half a century, leading the Western Chalukyan Empire with considerable skill and establishing the Chalukya-Vikram era.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\">During his reign, effective governance was achieved,\u00a0and\u00a0the renowned jurist\u00a0Vijnevara\u00a0lived in the\u00a0capital,\u00a0Kalyani<b>.<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Vijnevara's influential treatise on inheritance law became a significant reference in Hindu law, especially outside of Bengal.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Someshwara IV (1189 AD):<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Western Chalukyas faced invasions from the Seunas and Hoysalas, and the Hoysala Empire finally destroyed them.<\/span>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">He was expelled into exile in 1189 by the Seuna kings.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Western Chalukyas Administration\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The administrative framework of the Western Chalukyas was characterized by a centralized authority, with the king as the supreme ruler, supported by a council of ministers that included military leaders and revenue officers. This structure facilitated efficient governance across a vast and diverse territory.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li><b>Succession: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The Western Chalukya kingship followed the system of hereditary monarchy.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li><b>Officers: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Maha Pradhan (Chief Minister), Sandhivigrahika (chief justice), Dharmadhikari (chief justice), Tadeyadandanayaka (commander of the reserve army).\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li><b>Decentralisation:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> The administration was highly decentralised and had autonomous feudatory clans such as the Alupas, Hoysalas, Kakatiya, Seuna, and southern Kalachuri.<\/span>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Division of kingdom: Mandalas (Provinces ) \u2192 Nadu (Districts) \u2192 Kampanas (Groups of villages) \u2192 Bada (village).\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Women from the royal family also managed Nadus and Kampanas.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n\t<li><b>Inscriptions: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Western Chalukya inscriptions, carved in stone (Shilashasana) or engraved on copper plates (Tamarashasana), recorded key information such as land grants, genealogies, and administrative rules. These inscriptions ensured clear communication with local populations.<\/span>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">A notable feature of this administration was the extensive use of Kannada in inscriptions. Approximately 90% of the inscriptions from this period were composed in Kannada, with the remaining in Sanskrit.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Western Chalukyas Society<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Western Chalukya society experienced significant social reform, especially with the rise of Veerashaivism, which challenged the traditional caste system. Education and religious institutions flourished, promoting learning in various subjects, with women playing a notable role.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Veerashaivism\u2019s Rise:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> The rise of Veerashaivism challenged the existing Hindu caste system, which had continued support from the royalty. The movement promoted social reform, especially about the role of women and caste.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Ritual Practices<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">: Widowhood was widely accepted, and practices like <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Sati<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> were voluntary, not enforced.<\/span>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Jain communities practised <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Sallekhana<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> (fasting to death for spiritual liberation), while other groups observed self-sacrificial rituals like <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Shoolabrahma<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> or walking into the fire during an eclipse.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Women's Role<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">: Affluent women like Chandala Devi (Chalukya queen) and Sovala Devi contributed to the arts, while figures like Akkadevi played significant roles in governance. Bhakti poets like Akka Mahadevi gained recognition for their writings.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Education and Religious Institutions<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">: Institutions like <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Matha<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Palli<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, and <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Vihara<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> provided advanced religious education, led primarily by Brahmins.<\/span>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Royal students studied a variety of subjects, with the most popular being Economics (Vartta),\u00a0 Political Science (Dandaniti), Veda (Trayi), and Philosophy (Anvikshiki).<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Western Chalukyas Religion\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Religious life under the Western Chalukyas was multifaceted, supporting Hinduism, Jainism, and the emerging Virashaiva movement. Hinduism enjoyed royal patronage, with temples dedicated to Shiva and Vishnu constructed throughout the region.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li><b>Jainism<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">: Jainism faced a decline during the Western Chalukya period due to the rise of Virashaivism and Vaishnavism. Despite this decline, Jain worship continued to be patronized in Shravanabelagola and Kambadahalli.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li><b>Buddhism: <\/b><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/buddhism\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>Buddhism<\/strong><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> also saw a decline during this time, with only two centres of Buddhist worship, Dambal and Balligavi, remaining active under the Western Chalukya rule. The spread of Adi Shankara's Advaita philosophy earlier had contributed to this decline.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Virashaivism (Lingayat Movement): <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Gained prominence during the Western Chalukya period, particularly in the 12th century. <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/basavanna\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\"><b>Basavanna<\/b><\/a><b>, <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">a key figure in this movement, advocated for equality and rejected the caste system, rituals, and belief in rebirth.<\/span>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The movement emphasized devotion to Lord Shiva and produced a large body of literature in the form of Vachanas (poetic verses).<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Western Chalukyas Architechture<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The Western Chalukyan<\/span><b> Gadag style<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> marked a transitional phase between Badami Chalukyan and Hoysala architecture, blending both Nagara and Dravidian elements, also known as <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Karnatakadravida<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> or Vesara style. Temples from this period were primarily located in the Tungabhadra-Krishna River doab region and often featured <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Pushkarni<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> (stepped wells) used for ritual bathing.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Materials:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Key materials used in the construction of these temples included lathe-turned pillars and soapstone (Chloritic Schist), which allowed for intricate ornamentation and elaborate architectural designs.\u00a0<\/span>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">These innovations in style and material became defining features of Western Chalukyan architecture. Key examples of Western Chalukyan architecture are as follows:<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Mahadeva Temple: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Located in Itagi and Koppal District of Karnataka, often referred to as \u201cDevalaya Chakravarti\u201d, meaning \u2018Emperor among temples.<\/span>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">An inscription outside the temple indicates that it was built by Mahadeva, a commander in the army of King Vikramaditya VI.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">It is dedicated to lord Shiva and is an example of Dravida articulation with a Nagara superstructure. The use of soapstone material is abundant.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone  wp-image-9238\" src=\"https:\/\/d35xcwcl37xo08.cloudfront.net\/upsc-exam-wp-uploads\/2025\/03\/The-Mahadeva-Temple-Itagi.webp\" alt=\"The Mahadeva Temple, Itagi\" width=\"707\" height=\"425\" srcset=\"https:\/\/d35xcwcl37xo08.cloudfront.net\/upsc-exam-wp-uploads\/2025\/03\/The-Mahadeva-Temple-Itagi.webp 803w, https:\/\/d35xcwcl37xo08.cloudfront.net\/upsc-exam-wp-uploads\/2025\/03\/The-Mahadeva-Temple-Itagi-768x462.webp 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 707px) 100vw, 707px\" \/><\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Kasi Vishveshvara Temple: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Situated in Lakkundi, Gadag district, Karnataka. Western Chalukya rulers built it, and later additions were made by the Hoysala King Veera Ballala II. It is a Dvikuta temple where Kasivisvesvara linga faces east, and Surya deva (Sun) faces west.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone  wp-image-9239\" src=\"https:\/\/d35xcwcl37xo08.cloudfront.net\/upsc-exam-wp-uploads\/2025\/03\/Kasivisvesvara-temple.webp\" alt=\"Kasivisvesvara temple\" width=\"700\" height=\"525\" srcset=\"https:\/\/d35xcwcl37xo08.cloudfront.net\/upsc-exam-wp-uploads\/2025\/03\/Kasivisvesvara-temple.webp 1024w, https:\/\/d35xcwcl37xo08.cloudfront.net\/upsc-exam-wp-uploads\/2025\/03\/Kasivisvesvara-temple-768x576.webp 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px\" \/><\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Mallikarjuna Temple:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Situated in the town of Kuruvatti, Bellary district\u00a0 Karnataka. This temple showcases intricate carvings and reflects the architectural brilliance typical of the <\/span><b>Gadag style<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Kedareswara Temple:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Located in Balligavi, this temple is an early example of the amalgamation of Chalukyan and Hoysala architectural styles.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Other Notable Temples <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">include Dodda Basappa Temple at Dambal (Gadag district), Mallikarjuna Temple at Kuruvatii (Davangere district), Kalleshwara Temple at Bagali (Davangere district), and Siddesvara Temple at Haveri.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Western Chalukyas Literature<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The Western Chalukyan period is regarded as a <\/span><b>golden age for Kannada and Sanskrit literature<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">. Under the patronage of rulers like Vikramaditya VI, a vibrant literary culture emerged, characterised by significant contributions from poets, scholars, and theologians. Kannada literature flourished during this era, with both Jain and Virashaiva poets playing pivotal roles in its development.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><b>Kannada Literature:\u00a0\u00a0<\/b><\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li><b>Ranna: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Sponsored by King Tailapa II, Ranna authored Saahasabheema Vijayam (or Gada yuddha), an epic comparing King Satyasraya to Bhima, narrating the battle between Bhima and Duryodhana.<\/span>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">He also wrote Ajitha Purana, detailing the life of the second Tirthankara, Ajitanatha.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n\t<li><b>Nagavarma II: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Poet laureate (Katakacharya) of King Jagadhekamalla II. He contributed to Kannada literature with works like Kavyavalokana (poetics), Karnataka-Bhashabhushana (grammar), and Vastukosa (a lexicon).<\/span>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">His works became important references for studying Kannada grammar and vocabulary.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n\t<li><b>Virashaiva (or Lingayat) Movement: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Inspired <\/span><b>Vachanas<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, a form of devotional poetry. Notable poets include Basavanna, Akka Mahadevi, and Allama Prabhu.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p><b>Sanskrit Literature:<\/b><\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li><b>Bilhana<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">: A Kashmiri poet who wrote Vikramankadeva Charitha, an epic on the achievements of Vikramaditya VI.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li><b>Somesvara III: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Authored Manasollasa, an encyclopedic work covering topics such as medicine, music, and games.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li><b>Vijnaneshwara: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">He wrote Mitakshara, a key legal commentary on the Yajnavalkya Smriti, influencing the development of legal thought in India.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Other Work: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Rannakanda (Lexicon), Karnataka-Kalyanakaraka (Medicine), Jatakatilaka (Astrology), Lokaparaka (Encyclopedia).<\/span>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Music literature: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Sangita Chudamani, Sangita Samayasara, and Sangitha Ratnakara, focusing on music and musical instruments.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<table style=\"border-collapse: collapse;width: 100%\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td class=\"tb-color\" style=\"width: 50%;text-align: center\" colspan=\"2\"><strong>Other Related Posts<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;text-align: center\"><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/paramara-dynasty\/\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>Paramara Dynasty<\/strong><\/a><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;text-align: center\"><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/ashtadiggajas\/\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>Ashtadiggajas\u00a0<\/strong><\/a><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;text-align: center\"><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/western-chalukyas\/\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>Western Chalukyas<\/strong><\/a><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;text-align: center\"><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/battle-of-talikota\/\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>Battle of Talikota<\/strong><\/a><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;text-align: center\"><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/hoysala-dynasty\/\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>Hoysala Dynasty<\/strong><\/a><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;text-align: center\"><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/bahmani-kingdom\/\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>Bahmani Kingdom<\/strong><\/a><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;text-align: center\"><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/kakatiya-dynasty\/\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>Kakatiya Dynasty<\/strong><\/a><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;text-align: center\"><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/deccan-sultanates\/\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>Deccan Sultanates<\/strong><\/a><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;text-align: center\"><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/vijayanagara-empire\/\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>Vijayanagara Empire<\/strong><\/a><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;text-align: center\"><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/muhammad-ghori\/\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>Muhammad Ghori<\/strong><\/a><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;text-align: center\"><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/krishnadevaraya\/\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>Krishnadevaraya<\/strong><\/a><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;text-align: center\"><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/mahmud-of-ghazni\/\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>Mahmud of Ghazni<\/strong><\/a><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The Western Chalukyas, ruled the Deccan region of South India. Know about Western Chalukyas, Rulers, Administration, Society, Religion, Architecture, Literature<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":11,"featured_media":9237,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[19],"tags":[40,595,918],"class_list":{"0":"post-8696","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-upsc-medieval-history-notes","8":"tag-quest","9":"tag-upsc-medieval-history-notes","10":"tag-western-chalukyan"},"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8696","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/11"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8696"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8696\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":20776,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8696\/revisions\/20776"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/9237"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8696"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8696"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8696"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}