{"id":8946,"date":"2025-10-14T11:55:24","date_gmt":"2025-10-14T06:25:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/?p=8946"},"modified":"2025-10-16T15:42:05","modified_gmt":"2025-10-16T10:12:05","slug":"krishnadevaraya","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/krishnadevaraya\/","title":{"rendered":"Krishnadevaraya Empire, Map, Administration, Literature, Battle"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Krishnadevaraya, the third ruler of the Tuluva dynasty, reigned over the Vijayanagara Empire from 1509 to 1529, leading it to its zenith in military, administrative, and cultural achievements. His administration emphasized justice and accountability, guided by advisors like Timmarusu and Tenali Ramakrishna. He promoted agricultural expansion and abolished burdensome taxes to improve the people's welfare.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Krishnadevaraya's military successes included major victories in four significant battles the defeat of the Bahmani Sultanates, victory over the Gajapatis of Odisha, the Tuluva war with Kalinga, and the decisive Battle of Raichur. His reign also marked a literary golden age, promoting works in Telugu, Kannada, Sanskrit, and Tamil. A devout Hindu, he supported religious diversity and contributed to constructing and restoring temples across his empire.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone  wp-image-9358\" src=\"https:\/\/d35xcwcl37xo08.cloudfront.net\/upsc-exam-wp-uploads\/2025\/03\/Krishnadevaraya-1.webp\" alt=\"Krishnadevaraya\" width=\"459\" height=\"613\" srcset=\"https:\/\/d35xcwcl37xo08.cloudfront.net\/upsc-exam-wp-uploads\/2025\/03\/Krishnadevaraya-1.webp 800w, https:\/\/d35xcwcl37xo08.cloudfront.net\/upsc-exam-wp-uploads\/2025\/03\/Krishnadevaraya-1-768x1024.webp 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 459px) 100vw, 459px\" \/><\/p>\r\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Krishnadevaraya Overview<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Krishnadevaraya, the greatest of the Vijayanagar rulers,\u00a0 reigned from 1509 to 1529, during which the empire reached its military, administrative, and cultural zenith. The son of Tuluva Narasa Nayaka and Queen Nagamamba, he established the Tuluva dynasty.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><b>Raja Krishna Deva Raya was also known as<\/b><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u2018Abhinava Bhoja\u2019, \u2018Andhra Pitamah\u2019, \u2018Andhra Bhoja\u2019<\/span><\/i><\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Traveller's Account: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Portuguese travellers Domingo Paes and Duarte Barbosa praised him as an effective ruler and skilled general, while the poet Mukku Timmanna called him the \"Destroyer of the Turks.\"\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-9361\" src=\"https:\/\/d35xcwcl37xo08.cloudfront.net\/upsc-exam-wp-uploads\/2025\/03\/Vijayanagara-Empire-1.webp\" alt=\"Vijayanagara Empire\" width=\"800\" height=\"362\" srcset=\"https:\/\/d35xcwcl37xo08.cloudfront.net\/upsc-exam-wp-uploads\/2025\/03\/Vijayanagara-Empire-1.webp 800w, https:\/\/d35xcwcl37xo08.cloudfront.net\/upsc-exam-wp-uploads\/2025\/03\/Vijayanagara-Empire-1-768x348.webp 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/p>\r\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Krishnadevaraya Administration<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Krishnadevaraya\u2019s administration strictly oversaw ministers, punishing misconduct to ensure accountability and integrity. Guided by his prime minister, Timmarusu, and advised by Tenali Ramakrishna, he strengthened the empire's prosperity. The administration followed the principles outlined in his literary work, Amuktamalyada. He believed the king\u2019s rule should always align with Dharma, focusing on justice and righteousness.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">His concern for the welfare of his people was evident in his efforts to improve living conditions and ensure prosperity.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Krishnadevaraya abolished burdensome taxes, such as the marriage fee, to alleviate the people's hardships.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">He expanded agricultural output by bringing new lands under cultivation, clearing forests for farming, and undertaking large-scale irrigation projects around Vijayanagara.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">He<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400\">founded<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400\">a<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400\">suburban<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400\">township<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400\">near<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Vijayanagar called<\/span> <b>Nagalapuram<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, after<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400\">his<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400\">mother.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Krishnadevaraya Military Career<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Krishnadevaraya was a great commander and an efficient administrator. His military career was marked by his conflicts with the <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/bahmani-kingdom\/\" target=\"_blank\">Bahmani Sultans<\/a><\/strong>, the Gajapatis of Odisha, and the growing maritime power of Portugal. Despite the division of the Bahmani Sultanate, these threats persisted, challenging his empire's security and trade interests.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<h3><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Deccan Success<\/span><\/h3>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Krishnadevaraya's reign brought an end to the raids and plundering of Vijayanagara towns by the Deccan sultans. In 1509, his forces clashed with the Deccan armies, decisively defeating Sultan Mahmud and annexing the Raichur Doab, while Yusuf Adil Shah was killed in the process.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Capitalizing on this victory, Krishnadevaraya reunited Bidar, Gulbarga, and Bijapur with Vijayanagara, earning the title<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \"establisher of the Yavana kingdom\"<\/span><\/i> <span style=\"font-weight: 400\">after releasing Sultan Mahmud, who became a nominal ruler.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">However, in 1513, <\/span><b>Krishnadevaraya faced a defeat against<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Sultan Quli Qutb Shah of Golconda at Pangal, resulting in the loss of Pangal fort and a retreat.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h3><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Gajapatis of Odisha<\/span><\/h3>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Krishnadevaraya's campaign against the Gajapatis of Odisha began after his victory at Ummatur, which set the stage for an invasion of the coastal Andhra region, which was under the control of Gajapati Raja Prataparudra Deva.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">In 1512, his forces laid siege to the Udayagiri fort. The campaign lasted a year before the Gajapati army disintegrated due to starvation.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Following this victory, Krishnadevaraya then engaged the Gajapati forces at Kondaveedu, where a night attack led by Timmarusu resulted in the capture of the fort and the imprisonment of\u00a0 Prince Virabhadra.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h3><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">War with Kalinga<\/span><\/h3>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Krishnadevaraya's plan to invade Kalinga was foiled when Prataparudra Deva learned of it and devised his strategy to defeat Krishandevaraya and the Vijayanagara Empire at Kalinganagar Fort. But the cunning Timmarusu discovered Prataparudra's plan by bribing a Telugu deserter from Prataparudra's service. When the Vijayanagara Empire invaded, Prataprudra was driven to Cuttack, the Gajapati Kingdom's capital.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Prataparudra eventually surrendered to the Vijayanagara Empire and married Sri Krishnadevaraya's daughter, Princess Jaganmohini.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Krishandevaraya established the Krishna River as the border between the Vijayanagara and Gajapati Kingdoms and returned all of the territory that the Vijayanagara Empire had taken north of it.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h3><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Battle of Raichur<\/span><\/h3>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The Battle of Raichur was a significant military engagement that took place in 1520. It was fought between Krishnadevaraya's Vijayanagara Empire and the Bijapur Sultanate, with Saluva Timmarusu leading the Vijayanagara forces. The Deccan Sultanates suffered a decisive defeat, and their armies were forced to retreat.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The Battle of Raichur showcased Krishnadevaraya's military prowess and solidified Vijayanagara's dominance in the region.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The victory at the Battle of Raichur had far-reaching consequences for the Vijayanagara Empire. It strengthened the empire's position, securing its southern borders and deterring future attacks from the Deccan Sultanates.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Krishnadevaraya Literature<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Krishnadevaraya ruled a multilingual empire and maintained linguistic neutrality, promoting literature in Kannada, Sanskrit, Telugu, and Tamil. Fluent in these languages, he promoted a golden age of Telugu literature while supporting poets from various linguistic traditions. Although <\/span><b>Kannada was the official language of the Vijayanagara court,<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> his reign is remembered for its rich literary culture that flourished across multiple languages.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Krishnadevaraya himself contributed to literature, composing the epic Telugu poem Amuktamalyada and several Sanskrit works, including Madalasa Charita, Satyavadu Parinaya, Rasamanjari, and Jambavati Kalyana.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Amuktamalyada<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, a Telugu epic poem, recounts the sacred union of Ranganayaka, a form of Vishnu, and Andal, a celebrated poet-saint from the Alvar tradition.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h3><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Krishnadevaraya Telugu Literature<\/span><\/h3>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Krishnadeva Raya's reign is regarded as the golden age of Telugu literature, with eight poets, known as the <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/ashtadiggajas\/\" target=\"_blank\">Ashtadiggajas<\/a> <\/strong>(Allasani Peddana, Nandi Thimmana, Madayyagari Mallana, Dhurjati, Ayyalaraju Ramambhadrudu, Pingali Surana, Ramarajabhushanudu, Tenali Ramakrishna) forming his literary assembly.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The title Ashtadiggajas, symbolizing eight elephants supporting the earth in different directions, reflects the Empire's literary dominance, earning it the title Bhuvana Vijayam (Conquest of the World).<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The period is noted for its prabandha literature. Allasani Peddana, the father of Telugu poetry, wrote Svarocisha Sambhava (Manucharita), which was dedicated to Krishnadevaraya. While Nandi Thimmana authored Rajasekhara Charitramu.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h3><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Krishnadevaraya Kannada and Tamil Books\u00a0<\/span><\/h3>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Krishnadevaraya was also a patron of several Kannada poets, including Mallanarya, who wrote works like Veera-shaivamruta, Bhava-chinta-ratna, as well as Chatu Vittalanatha, who authored Bhagavatha. Timmanna Kavi wrote a eulogy for the king in Krishna Raya Bharata.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Additionally, Purandara Dasa, regarded as the father of Carnatic music, had a close association with the empire, contributing to its rich cultural legacy.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Krishnadevaraya encouraged the Tamil poet Haridasa, leading to the thriving of Tamil literary works in the years that followed.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h3><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Krishnadevaraya Sanskrit Books\u00a0<\/span><\/h3>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">In Sanskrit, Vyasatirtha composed notable works such as Bhedo-jjivana and Nyayamrita (a work critical of Advaita philosophy) and Tarka-tandava. Krishnadevaraya himself wrote several scholarly pieces, including Madalasa Charita, Satyavadu Parinaya, Jambavati Kalyana and Ushaparinaym.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\r\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Krishnadevaraya Religion\u00a0<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Though a Vaishnavaite, Krishnadevaraya respected all religions. He supported various religious traditions and reconstructed the Virupaksha temple and other Shiva shrines. He granted land to Tirumala, Srisailam, Amaravati, Chidambaram, Ahobilam, and Tiruvannamalai temples.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Lord Venkateshwara<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> became Krishna Deva Raya's patron deity and made donations to the Tirumala Venkateswara Temple.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Temples:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Krishnadevaraya built some fine stone temples, such as <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Vittalaswamy <\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">and <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Hazara Ramaswamy.\u00a0<\/span><\/i>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">He also helped to build parts of the Srisailam temple complex, including rows of mandapas.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Foreign Ambassadors in Krishnadeva Raya\u2019s Reign<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<p><b>Krishnadevaraya belongs to the Tuluva Dynasty.<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> During Krishnadeva Raya\u2019s reign, the Vijayanagara Empire fostered diplomatic relations with various foreign powers. Portuguese traveller Domingo Paes documented the empire's grandeur in his travelogue, \"The Book of Duarte Barbosa,\" while Fern\u00e3o Nunes<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400\">visited in 1520 to negotiate trade and political alliances between the <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/advent-of-europeans-in-india\/\" target=\"_blank\">Portuguese<\/a><\/strong> and Vijayanagara.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Abdur Razzak<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">: Persian ambassador Abdur Razzak detailed the empire's political and cultural aspects in his account, \"Matla-us-Sadain wa Majma-ul-Bahrain,\".<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Ludovico de Varthema: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Italian traveller Ludovico de Varthema, who arrived in 1505, provided an account of Vijayanagara\u2019s military prowess and courtly in his work, \"Itinerario.\"<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Krishnadevaraya UPSC PYQs<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<p><b>Q1.<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Krishnadeva Raya, the king of Vijayanagar, was not only an accomplished scholar himself but was also a great patron of learning and literature. Discuss.<\/span><b> (UPSC Mains 2016)<\/b><\/p>\r\n<table style=\"border-collapse: collapse;width: 100%\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td class=\"tb-color\" style=\"width: 50%;text-align: center\" colspan=\"2\"><strong>Other Related Posts<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;text-align: center\"><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/paramara-dynasty\/\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>Paramara Dynasty<\/strong><\/a><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;text-align: center\"><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/ashtadiggajas\/\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>Ashtadiggajas\u00a0<\/strong><\/a><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;text-align: center\"><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/western-chalukyas\/\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>Western Chalukyas<\/strong><\/a><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;text-align: center\"><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/battle-of-talikota\/\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>Battle of Talikota<\/strong><\/a><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;text-align: center\"><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/hoysala-dynasty\/\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>Hoysala Dynasty<\/strong><\/a><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;text-align: center\"><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/bahmani-kingdom\/\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>Bahmani Kingdom<\/strong><\/a><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;text-align: center\"><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/kakatiya-dynasty\/\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>Kakatiya Dynasty<\/strong><\/a><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;text-align: center\"><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/deccan-sultanates\/\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>Deccan Sultanates<\/strong><\/a><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;text-align: center\"><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/vijayanagara-empire\/\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>Vijayanagara Empire<\/strong><\/a><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;text-align: center\"><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/muhammad-ghori\/\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>Muhammad Ghori<\/strong><\/a><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;text-align: center\"><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/krishnadevaraya\/\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>Krishnadevaraya<\/strong><\/a><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;text-align: center\"><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/mahmud-of-ghazni\/\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>Mahmud of Ghazni<\/strong><\/a><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Krishnadevaraya of Vijayanagara (1509-1529), was a patron of literature, fostering a golden age in Telugu, Kannada, Sanskrit, and Tamil. His reign saw military success, agricultural growth, and cultural prosperity, with poets like Allasani Peddana and Timmarusu.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":11,"featured_media":9357,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[19],"tags":[950,40,596,951],"class_list":{"0":"post-8946","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-upsc-medieval-history-notes","8":"tag-krishnadevaraya","9":"tag-quest","10":"tag-upsc-medieval-history","11":"tag-vijayanagara-empire"},"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8946","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/11"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8946"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8946\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":19582,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8946\/revisions\/19582"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/9357"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8946"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8946"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8946"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}