{"id":8962,"date":"2025-10-14T12:38:06","date_gmt":"2025-10-14T07:08:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/?p=8962"},"modified":"2025-10-16T15:42:29","modified_gmt":"2025-10-16T10:12:29","slug":"bahmani-kingdom","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/bahmani-kingdom\/","title":{"rendered":"Bahmani Kingdom, Map, Rulers List, Founder, Administration"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><b>Bahmani Kingdom<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, established in 1347 by Turkish Governor <\/span><b>Alauddin Bahman Shah <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">(Zafar Khan), marked the rise of the first independent Islamic rule in South India. It arose during political turmoil as a challenge to the Delhi Sultanate under Muhammad Bin Tughlaq. Over time, the Bahmani Kingdom evolved into a cultural and administrative hub, blending Indo-Persian art and architecture.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The Bahmani Kingdom reached its peak under <\/span><b>Mahmud Gawan<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, whose significant reforms and territorial expansion enhanced its power and influence. However, persistent internal strife and mounting external pressures ultimately led to its fragmentation into five successor states.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone  wp-image-9252\" src=\"https:\/\/d35xcwcl37xo08.cloudfront.net\/upsc-exam-wp-uploads\/2025\/03\/Bahmani-Kingdom1.webp\" alt=\"Bahmani Kingdom Map\" width=\"634\" height=\"587\" srcset=\"https:\/\/d35xcwcl37xo08.cloudfront.net\/upsc-exam-wp-uploads\/2025\/03\/Bahmani-Kingdom1.webp 1024w, https:\/\/d35xcwcl37xo08.cloudfront.net\/upsc-exam-wp-uploads\/2025\/03\/Bahmani-Kingdom1-768x711.webp 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 634px) 100vw, 634px\" \/><\/p>\r\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Bahmani Kingdom Overview\u00a0<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Bahmani Kingdom (Bahmani Sultanate) a powerful kingdom in South India, emerged in the 14th century alongside the Vijayanagara Empire. It was established in 1347\u00a0 as an independent state in the Deccan, following conflicts between Deccan officers and the <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/emergence-and-administration-of-the-delhi-sultanate\/\" target=\"_blank\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"><strong>Delhi Sultanate<\/strong><\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Founder: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The founder, Hasan Gangu, took the title Alauddin Hasan Bahman Shah, tracing his lineage to the mythical Iranian hero, Bahman Shah, from whom the kingdom derived its name.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Capital and Expansion: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">With its capital at Gulbarga in Andhra Pradesh, the Bahmani Sultanate expanded its influence, annexing key territories, including the vital port of Dabhol on the west coast, as Delhi's control over the Deccan waned after Mohammad bin Tughlaq's reign.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Bahmani Kingdom Important Rulers<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The Bahmani Kingdom, ruled by fourteen kings over two centuries (1347\u20131527), remains a symbol of this influential dynasty's history, art, and legacy. Some of the notable rulers include:<\/span><\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Alauddin Hasan Bahman Shah (1347\u201358)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">: The founder of the Bahmani Sultanate (Hasan Gangu), was an Afghan adventurer. Throughout his reign, he frequently <\/span><b>clashed <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">with the Vijayanagara Empire and the Warangal state.<\/span>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">By the end of his reign, the Bahmani Sultanate had expanded significantly, stretching from the Wainganga River in the North to the Krishna River in the South and from Bhongir to Daulatabad in the East and West.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Muhammad Shah I (1358\u20131375): <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">He succeeded his father Alauddin Bahman Shah. A skilled administrator and general, he defeated Bukka I of Vijayanagar and Kapila Nayaks of Warangal.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li><b>Taj ud-Din Firuz Shah (1397-1422): <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Considered the most remarkable figure in the Bahmani Sultanate and the greatest of them all. He started the Bahmani expansion towards Berar by defeating the Gond Raja Narsing Rai of Kherla.<\/span>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Later, he invaded Vijayanagar with victories in 1398 and 1408 but faced a defeat in 1420 at the hands of Deva Raya I.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">He was well acquainted with the religious sciences (commentaries on the Quran, jurisprudence) and natural sciences too (such as botany, geometry, logic, etc.)<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">He encouraged the pursuit of astronomy and built an observatory near Daultabad.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">He included many Hindus in his administration, with Deccan Brahmins gaining prominence during his reign.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li><b>Ahmad Shah Al Wali (1422\u20131435): <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">He continued fighting for control over the southeastern seaboard, invading Warangal, defeated and killed its ruler, and annexing most of its territory. He shifted the capital from Gulbarga to Bidar.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li><b>Muhammad Shah III (1463\u20131482): <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">In 1463 AD, Muhammad Shah III became the Sultan at the age of nine, with Mahmud Gawan serving as regent. Under Gawan's leadership, the Bahmani kingdom reached its peak of power. He was succeeded by his son, Mahmood Shah Bahmani II, the final Bahmani ruler with genuine authority.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Bahmani Kingdom Mahmud Gawan<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<p><b>Mahmud Gawan<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> was the Prime Minister of Muhammad Shah III (who ascended to the throne at the age of nine) and took on the full responsibility of governance. An Iranian trader, Mahmud Gawan rose through the ranks of the Bahmani Sultanate, earning the title <\/span><b>Malik-ul-Tujjar<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> (Chief of Merchants), and dominated the kingdom's affairs for nearly two decades (1458 to 1481).<\/span><\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Expansion: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">His Military genius expanded the kingdom by annexing eastern territories, defeating the ruler of Orissa, and invading Vijayanagara up to Kanchi, while capturing Dabhol and Goa, which boosted trade with Iran and Iraq.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Administrative Reforms: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">He implemented numerous administrative reforms and reorganized the kingdom into eight provinces, known as<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400\">tarafs, with each overseen by a tarafdar<\/span><b>.<\/b><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Use of Gunpowder: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">He introduced gunpowder in the war against Vijayanagar and enlisted Persian chemists to train his soldiers in its preparation and use.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Bahmani Kingdom Conflict with Vijayanagara Kingdom<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Bahmani Kingdom and the Vijayanagara Empire were locked in continuous conflict due to overlapping territorial and economic interests. Despite their rivalry, their clashes were not solely religious but rather centred around control of fertile lands, key trade routes, and valuable resources.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Raichur Doab:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> The fertile region between the Krishna and Tungabhadra rivers was crucial for both kingdoms, with the Bahmanis temporarily gaining control in 1504 but later losing it to Krishna Deva Raya\u2019s forces.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Krishna\u2013Godavari Basin:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> This area was vital for its fertility and its strategic ports, which were key to controlling foreign trade, including exports from the Deccan.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The prolonged warfare drained the resources of both states, weakening their ability to confront external threats, particularly from the Portuguese.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Bahmani Kingdom Administration<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The Bahmani administrative system was well-organized, with the Sultanate initially divided into four provinces or<\/span><b> tarafs,<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> including Daultabad, Bidar, Berar, and Gulbarga. Later, Gawan reorganized the Sultanate into eight administrative tarafs.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Every province was under a tarafdar, who was also called a subedar. A portion of land, known as Khalisa, was excluded from the jurisdiction of the Tarafdar and reserved to cover the expenses of the king and the royal household.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Nobles received fixed salaries, paid either in cash or through jagirs, and were classified into Deccanis (old settlers) and Afaqis (newcomers).<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Key Terminology: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Wazir-i-kul (Prime Minister), Amir-i-kul (Finance head), Wazir Ashraf (Foreign affairs and royal court), Sadar-i-jahan (Head of judiciary and charities), Tarafdar (Head of province)<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Bahmani Kingdom Military<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The Bahmanis were skilled in the use of firearms, employing Turkish and Portuguese experts to train their soldiers in advanced weaponry. Military support relied on the amirs, who were divided into two groups:\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Deccanis,<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> long-established Muslim immigrants in the region;<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Afaqis or Pardesis,<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> were recent settlers from Central Asia, Iran, and Iraq.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Bahmani Kingdom Art and Architecture<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The Bahmani Sultans commissioned several architectural works, though many have since been destroyed. Their architecture, heavily influenced by Persian styles through architects from Persia, Turkey, and Arabia, contributed to the development of the Persianate Indo-Islamic style, which was later adopted by other Deccan sultanates.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li><b>Key Constructions: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">They built mosques, tombs, and madrasas in their capitals, Bidar and Gulbarga, alongside forts in Daulatabad, Golconda, and Raichur.<\/span>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Later, Sultans were buried in the Bahmani Tombs, many of which are adorned with coloured tile exteriors and feature inscriptions in Arabic, Persian, and Urdu.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li><b>Notable contributions: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">It includes the Gulbarga Fort (built by Alauddin Bahman Shah), Gol Gumbaz, Jama Masjid in Gulbarga, Bidar Fort, Madrasa Mahmud Gawan in Bidar, and the Chand Minar in Daulatabad.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li><b>Bidriware: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">A metal handicraft from Bidar in Karnataka, originated in the 14th century under the Bahmani Sultans. Known for its inlay work on copper and silver, the craft uses white brass, which is blackened and inlaid with silver.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Recognized as a native art form, Bidriware received a Geographical Indication (GI Tag) in 2006.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone  wp-image-9250\" src=\"https:\/\/d35xcwcl37xo08.cloudfront.net\/upsc-exam-wp-uploads\/2025\/03\/Madrasa-of-Mahmud-Gawan.webp\" alt=\"Madrasa of Mahmud Gawan\" width=\"648\" height=\"372\" srcset=\"https:\/\/d35xcwcl37xo08.cloudfront.net\/upsc-exam-wp-uploads\/2025\/03\/Madrasa-of-Mahmud-Gawan.webp 1999w, https:\/\/d35xcwcl37xo08.cloudfront.net\/upsc-exam-wp-uploads\/2025\/03\/Madrasa-of-Mahmud-Gawan-768x441.webp 768w, https:\/\/d35xcwcl37xo08.cloudfront.net\/upsc-exam-wp-uploads\/2025\/03\/Madrasa-of-Mahmud-Gawan-1536x881.webp 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 648px) 100vw, 648px\" \/><\/p>\r\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone  wp-image-9251\" src=\"https:\/\/d35xcwcl37xo08.cloudfront.net\/upsc-exam-wp-uploads\/2025\/03\/Gol-Gumbaz.webp\" alt=\"Gol Gumbaz\" width=\"645\" height=\"430\" srcset=\"https:\/\/d35xcwcl37xo08.cloudfront.net\/upsc-exam-wp-uploads\/2025\/03\/Gol-Gumbaz.webp 1920w, https:\/\/d35xcwcl37xo08.cloudfront.net\/upsc-exam-wp-uploads\/2025\/03\/Gol-Gumbaz-768x512.webp 768w, https:\/\/d35xcwcl37xo08.cloudfront.net\/upsc-exam-wp-uploads\/2025\/03\/Gol-Gumbaz-1536x1024.webp 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 645px) 100vw, 645px\" \/><\/p>\r\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone  wp-image-9249\" src=\"https:\/\/d35xcwcl37xo08.cloudfront.net\/upsc-exam-wp-uploads\/2025\/03\/image1.webp\" alt=\"Gulbarga Fort\" width=\"641\" height=\"443\" srcset=\"https:\/\/d35xcwcl37xo08.cloudfront.net\/upsc-exam-wp-uploads\/2025\/03\/image1.webp 976w, https:\/\/d35xcwcl37xo08.cloudfront.net\/upsc-exam-wp-uploads\/2025\/03\/image1-768x530.webp 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 641px) 100vw, 641px\" \/><\/p>\r\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Bahmani Kingdom Literature<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The Bahmani Kingdom was a patron of the Persian language, culture, and literature, with several members of the dynasty becoming proficient in Persian and contributing to its literary heritage. Mohammad Gawan wrote poems in the Persian language, with works like Riyaz-ul-Insha and Manazir-ul-Insha.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">During this time, a new dialect called <\/span><b>\"Dakhini Urdu\"<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> gained prominence. The famous Sufi saint of Gulbarga, Khwaja Bande Nawaz Gesu Daraj, also wrote in this language.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Bahmani Kingdom Decline<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The Bahmani Kingdom declined after Muhammad Shah III's death in 1482, with the last Sultans reduced to figureheads under the control of the Barid Shahi ministers. By 1518, Krishnadeva Raya of the Vijayanagar Empire defeated the last Bahmani ruler, leading to the kingdom\u2019s fragmentation into the Deccan Sultanates: <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Adil Shahi of Bijapur (1490), Nizamshahi of Ahmednagar (1490), Imad Shahi of Berar (1490), Qutb Shahi of Golconda (1518), Barid Shahi of Bidar (1528)<\/span><\/i><\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">These small kingdoms engaged in frequent wars, allowing the Mughals to incorporate them into their empire.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">However, the kingdoms of Golconda, Bijapur, and Ahmednagar remained influential in Deccan politics until their absorption into the <\/span><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/mughal-empire\/\" target=\"_blank\">Mughal Empire<\/a><\/strong><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> in the seventeenth century.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<table style=\"border-collapse: collapse;width: 100%\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td class=\"tb-color\" style=\"width: 50%;text-align: center\" colspan=\"2\"><strong>Other Related Posts<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;text-align: center\"><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/paramara-dynasty\/\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>Paramara Dynasty<\/strong><\/a><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;text-align: center\"><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/ashtadiggajas\/\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>Ashtadiggajas\u00a0<\/strong><\/a><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;text-align: center\"><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/western-chalukyas\/\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>Western Chalukyas<\/strong><\/a><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;text-align: center\"><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/battle-of-talikota\/\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>Battle of Talikota<\/strong><\/a><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;text-align: center\"><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/hoysala-dynasty\/\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>Hoysala Dynasty<\/strong><\/a><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;text-align: center\"><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/bahmani-kingdom\/\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>Bahmani Kingdom<\/strong><\/a><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;text-align: center\"><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/kakatiya-dynasty\/\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>Kakatiya Dynasty<\/strong><\/a><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;text-align: center\"><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/deccan-sultanates\/\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>Deccan Sultanates<\/strong><\/a><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;text-align: center\"><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/vijayanagara-empire\/\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>Vijayanagara Empire<\/strong><\/a><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;text-align: center\"><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/muhammad-ghori\/\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>Muhammad Ghori<\/strong><\/a><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;text-align: center\"><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/krishnadevaraya\/\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>Krishnadevaraya<\/strong><\/a><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;text-align: center\"><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/mahmud-of-ghazni\/\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>Mahmud of Ghazni<\/strong><\/a><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The Bahmani Kingdom (1347\u20131527) was the first independent Islamic state in South India, founded by Alauddin Bahman Shah. Known for its cultural, military, and administrative achievements, it eventually fragmented into five Deccan Sultanates due to internal strife and external pressures.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":11,"featured_media":9253,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[19],"tags":[40,952],"class_list":{"0":"post-8962","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-upsc-medieval-history-notes","8":"tag-quest","9":"tag-upsc-medieal-history"},"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8962","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/11"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8962"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8962\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":19585,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8962\/revisions\/19585"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/9253"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8962"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8962"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8962"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}