{"id":9267,"date":"2025-11-02T12:02:22","date_gmt":"2025-11-02T06:32:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/?p=9267"},"modified":"2025-11-04T11:54:42","modified_gmt":"2025-11-04T06:24:42","slug":"muhammad-ghori","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/muhammad-ghori\/","title":{"rendered":"Muhammad Ghori (1173-1206), History, Conquests, Death"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><b>Muhammad Ghori<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> (1173-1206) was a prominent ruler of the Ghurid dynasty who was crucial in establishing Muslim rule in the Indian subcontinent. Born in present-day Afghanistan, he expanded his empire through military campaigns in northern India. His decisive victory over Prithviraj Chauhan in the <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Second Battle of Tarain (1192) <\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">marked a turning point, paving the way for further expansion.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Building on this success, Ghori launched another expedition in 1194, crossing the Yamuna River and advancing towards Kanauj. He faced Raja Jaichandra in the <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Battle of Chandawar <\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">and secured another decisive victory. These successive triumphs established Turkish rule in northern India, shaping its political landscape for centuries.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Muhammad Ghori History<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Muhammad Ghori, also known as <\/span><b>Muizzuddin Muhammad bin Sam<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> or Shahabuddin Muhammad, ascended the throne of <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Ghazni <\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">in 1173 CE and played a key role in shaping medieval Indian history. His elder brother Ghiyathuddin ruled Ghur, but Ghori focused on power and expansion, recognising India\u2019s vast wealth and its political, religious, social, and military weaknesses.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Sultan of Ghurid Empire: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">As the Sultan of the Ghurid dynasty alongside his brother from 1173\u20131202 CE, and sole ruler thereafter until he died in 1206 CE, he is credited with initiating Muslim rule in India and South Asia.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Extent of Ghori\u2019s Empire:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> His empire spanned parts of present-day Afghanistan, India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Iran, Tajikistan, and Turkmenistan.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Legacy: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Through strategic conquests and the appointment of capable generals, Muhammad Ghori ensured stability, ultimately establishing the Turkish Sultanate, which left a lasting impact on Indian history.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Muhammad Ghori Ghurid Dynasty<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The rise of the Ghurid dynasty took place amid significant geopolitical changes in the mid-12th century. During this period, a group of Turkish tribesmen, who followed Buddhist and pagan beliefs, shattered the <\/span><b>Seljuk Turks<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, creating a power vacuum. The details of the Ghurid Dynasty are discussed in detail below:<\/span><\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Rise of New Powers in the West:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> In this context, two new powers rose, namely the Khwarizmi Empire in Iran and the Ghurid Empire in northwest Afghanistan.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Rise of the Ghurids<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">: Ghurids, who were the vassals of Ghazni, soon overpowered Khwarizmi Empire under Sultan Alauddin, who earned the title Jahan-Soz (\"the world burner\") for ravaging Ghazni in retaliation for his brothers' mistreatment.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Conflict with Khwarizmi Empire<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">: The Khwarizmi Empire curtailed Ghurid ambitions in Central Asia, leading to disputes over Khorasan, which the Khwarizm Shah eventually seized.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Shift of Focus to India: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">With no other options, the Ghurids turned their attention to India, where Muhammad Ghori\u2019s conquests would alter the region's history.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone  wp-image-12138\" src=\"https:\/\/d35xcwcl37xo08.cloudfront.net\/upsc-exam-wp-uploads\/2025\/03\/Map-Showing-extent-of-Ghurid-Empire-1.webp\" alt=\"Map Showing extent of Ghurid Empire\" width=\"542\" height=\"372\" srcset=\"https:\/\/d35xcwcl37xo08.cloudfront.net\/upsc-exam-wp-uploads\/2025\/03\/Map-Showing-extent-of-Ghurid-Empire-1.webp 1399w, https:\/\/d35xcwcl37xo08.cloudfront.net\/upsc-exam-wp-uploads\/2025\/03\/Map-Showing-extent-of-Ghurid-Empire-1-768x528.webp 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 542px) 100vw, 542px\" \/><\/p>\r\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Muhammad Ghori Conquests<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Muhammad Ghori, the real founder of the Islamic empire in India, first conquered Multan and Sindh (1175\u20131178 CE), then advanced into Punjab and Lahore. After defeating Prithviraj Chauhan at the Second Battle of Tarain (1192 CE), he captured Delhi and Ajmer, and defeated Jaichandra at Chandawar (1194 CE).\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Delegating power to Qutbuddin Aibak, Ghori\u2019s empire expanded further, but he was assassinated in 1206 CE, leaving Aibak to establish the <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/slave-dynasty\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"><strong>Slave Dynasty<\/strong><\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-9416\" src=\"https:\/\/d35xcwcl37xo08.cloudfront.net\/upsc-exam-wp-uploads\/2025\/03\/Timeline-of-Muhammad-Ghoris-major-conquests.png\" alt=\"Timeline of Muhammad Ghori\u2019s major conquests\" width=\"1985\" height=\"755\" srcset=\"https:\/\/d35xcwcl37xo08.cloudfront.net\/upsc-exam-wp-uploads\/2025\/03\/Timeline-of-Muhammad-Ghoris-major-conquests.png 1985w, https:\/\/d35xcwcl37xo08.cloudfront.net\/upsc-exam-wp-uploads\/2025\/03\/Timeline-of-Muhammad-Ghoris-major-conquests-768x292.png 768w, https:\/\/d35xcwcl37xo08.cloudfront.net\/upsc-exam-wp-uploads\/2025\/03\/Timeline-of-Muhammad-Ghoris-major-conquests-1536x584.png 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1985px) 100vw, 1985px\" \/><\/p>\r\n<h3><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Conquest of Multan and Upper Sindh<\/span><\/h3>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Muhammad Ghori launched his first expedition against Multan around 1175 CE, proceeding through the Gomal Pass, and achieved significant success. During the same campaign, he also captured Uchch in Upper Sindh from the Bhatti Rajputs and established a fort there, solidifying his control over the region.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<h3><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Conquest of Gujarat<\/span><\/h3>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Muhammad Ghori attempted to conquer Gujarat in 1178 CE but was defeated by Chalukya Ruler Solanki Bhima II and Queen Naikidevi at the Battle of Kayadara near Mount Abu. Despite this setback, Ghori remained determined to establish a strong base in Punjab before continuing his conquests in India.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<h3><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Conquest of Punjab and Lahore<\/span><\/h3>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Muhammad Ghori launched a series of conquests against the Ghaznavid possessions in Punjab between 1179 and 1186 CE. As a result, he conquered Peshawar in 1179, Sindh in 1182, and eventually secured Punjab and Lahore. By around 1190 CE, having achieved control over Multan, Sindh, and Punjab, Ghori paved the way for his subsequent conquest of the Gangetic Doab.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Muhammad Ghori and Prithviraj Chauhan War<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Muhammad Ghori's expansion in the region coincided with the growing power of the Chauhans in north India. The Chauhan rulers had successfully defeated several Turkish invasions, most likely from the Punjab region, and had taken control of Delhi from the Tomars by mid-century. Their expansion towards Punjab led to a direct clash with the Ghaznavid rulers, setting the stage for an inevitable conflict between Muhammad Ghori and Prithviraj Chauhan.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">First Battle of Tarain<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<p><b>First Battle of Tarain <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">(1191 CE) marked a significant clash between Muhammad Ghori and Prithviraj Chauhan. After securing Punjab, Ghori aimed to advance into the Gangetic Doab, which brought him into conflict with Prithviraj, who had captured Delhi and sought to extend his control over Punjab and the Ganga Valley.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Cause of Conflict<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">: The conflict began over the control of Tabarhinda (Bhatinda).<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Outcomes<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">: In the battle near Karnal (modern Haryana), Ghori\u2019s forces were decisively defeated, and he narrowly escaped death.<\/span>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Although Prithviraj conquered Bhatinda, he failed to establish a strong garrison, allowing Ghori to regroup and strategize his next move.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Second Battle of Tarain<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<p><b>Second Battle of Tarain<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> (1192 CE) became a pivotal moment in Indian history as Muhammad Ghori emerged victorious over Prithviraj Chauhan. Despite having a larger army, the Indian forces were outmatched by the superior organization and skill of the Turkish cavalry. The details of the battle are mentioned below:<\/span><\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Superior Turkish Forces: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Led by Muhammad Ghori, the Turkish army was highly mobile, utilizing advanced technologies like horseshoes to prolong the life of horses and iron stirrups, which enhanced control and striking power during combat.<\/span>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The battle resulted in a heavy loss for Prithviraj\u2019s forces, with the Turkish cavalry's superior organization and skill proving decisive.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Though Prithviraj Chauhan initially managed to escape, he was eventually captured near Saraswati (Sirsa).<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Temporary Rule of Ajmer<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">: After his capture, Prithviraj was briefly allowed to rule Ajmer, as shown by coins bearing his name alongside Muhammad Ghori\u2019s.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Prithviraj\u2019s Execution<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">: Despite this reprieve, Prithviraj was later executed on charges of conspiracy, marking the end of his rule.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Conquest of Ganga Valley<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">After the First Battle of Tarain, Muizzuddin Ghori returned to Ghazni, leaving the administration of Indian affairs to his trusted general, Qutbuddin Aibak. Over the next two years, the Turks successfully overran parts of the Upper Doab without facing significant opposition from the Gahadavalas.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Expansion of Turkish Control<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">: Between 1192 and 1206, Turkish forces expanded their control over the Ganga-Jamuna Doab, Bihar, and Bengal.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Confronting the Gahadavalas<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">: To solidify their hold on the region, the Turks first had to confront the powerful Gahadavala kingdom of Kanauj.<\/span>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The Gahadavala ruler, Jaichandra, had ruled peacefully for two decades but lacked military prowess, having suffered a previous defeat from the Sena king of Bengal.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h3><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Battle of Chandawar<\/span><\/h3>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The Battle of Chandawar was fought between Muhammad Ghori and Jaichandra, the ruler of Kannauj, after Ghori crossed the Jamuna with 50,000 cavalry and advanced towards Kannauj. Jaichandra nearly triumphed before being struck by an arrow, leading to his death and the complete defeat of his forces.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Aftermath of Battle<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">: After defeating Jaichandra, Muhammad Ghori moved towards Banaras, which was ravaged, and several temples were destroyed.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Expansion of Turkish Control<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">: The Turks expanded their control over a vast region, reaching the borders of Bihar.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Foundation for Turkish Rule<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">: The battles of Tarain and Chandwar laid the foundation for Turkish rule in northern India. However, consolidating these gains proved to be a challenging task, which took the Turks nearly fifty years.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Qutbuddin Aibak's Role<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">: After the Battle of Chandawar, Ghori appointed his trusted slave general, Qutbuddin Aibak, as the viceroy to manage Indian affairs.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Muhammad Ghori Other Campaigns<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Muhammad Ghori, after securing initial victories in northern India, focused on consolidating and expanding his rule by launching further campaigns across different regions. These efforts were aimed at fortifying his stronghold in the upper Ganga valley and extending Turkish control.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Campaigns in Western and Southern Regions<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">: The Turks invaded the western and southern regions of the upper Ganga valley, besieging strategic forts like Bayana and Gwalior in 1195-96 CE.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Conquest of Bundelkhand and Chandela<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">: The Turks seized regions like Bundelkhand, Khajuraho, Mahoba, and Kalinjar from the Chandela rulers, despite the Chandela state's power.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Expansion into Eastern Regions<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">: Muhammad Ghori's forces expanded into Bihar and Bengal, with <\/span><b>Muhammad-bin-Bakhtiyar Khalji<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> (another general of Muhammad Ghori) conquering Bihar in 1197 CE and Bengal in 1202 CE, while also destroying the universities of <\/span><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/nalanda-university\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Nalanda<\/a><\/strong><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> and Vikramshila.\u00a0<\/span>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Muhammad-bin-Bakhtiyar Khalji was then officially appointed as the governor of Bengal.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Conflict with the Khwarizmi Empire (1203)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">: In 1203, Muizzuddin suffered a major defeat at the hands of the Khwarizmi ruler, which forced the Ghurids to abandon their ambitions in Central Asia. This defeat, however, allowed the Turks to concentrate solely on consolidating their gains in India.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Muhammad Ghori Cultural Influence<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Muhammad Ghori's campaigns in India led to cultural exchange between the Islamic world and the Indian subcontinent, impacting art and architecture. The various developments under his rule are mentioned below:<\/span><\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Coins:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Muhammad Ghori issued \u2018<\/span><b>Lakshmi type\u2019<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> coins where the Goddess is on one side and his name in Nagari on the obverse side. He also issued coins after defeating a ruler.<\/span>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">For example, after defeating Prithviraj in the Second Battle of Tarain, Ghori minted coins that closely resembled Prithviraj's coins.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The coins had \u201c<\/span><b>Prithvirajadeva<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u201d on one side and the words \u201d<\/span><b>Sri Muhammad Sam<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u201d on the other.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone  wp-image-9414\" src=\"https:\/\/d35xcwcl37xo08.cloudfront.net\/upsc-exam-wp-uploads\/2025\/03\/Lakshmi-coin-of-Muhammad-of-Ghor-inscribed-with-Sri-Mahamada-Vin-Sam-in-Nagari-script.png\" alt=\"Lakshmi coin of Muhammad of Ghor, inscribed with \u201cSri Mahamada Vin Sam\u201d in Nagari script\" width=\"622\" height=\"357\" srcset=\"https:\/\/d35xcwcl37xo08.cloudfront.net\/upsc-exam-wp-uploads\/2025\/03\/Lakshmi-coin-of-Muhammad-of-Ghor-inscribed-with-Sri-Mahamada-Vin-Sam-in-Nagari-script.png 977w, https:\/\/d35xcwcl37xo08.cloudfront.net\/upsc-exam-wp-uploads\/2025\/03\/Lakshmi-coin-of-Muhammad-of-Ghor-inscribed-with-Sri-Mahamada-Vin-Sam-in-Nagari-script-768x441.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 622px) 100vw, 622px\" \/><\/span><\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Architectural Developments:<\/b> <b>Adhai-din-ka-Jhonpra<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, built on the order of Muhammad Ghori in 1198, was once a Jain Temple but was later restored as a mosque.\u00a0<\/span>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Ghori erected seven arched walls and engraved it with calligraphic verses from the Holy Quran, adding to its fascinating legends.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Muhammad Ghori Death<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Muhammad Ghori's defeat in Central Asia led to various opponents rising against him in India, including the <\/span><b>Khokhars<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, a fierce tribe from western Punjab. They severed communication between Lahore and Ghazni, prompting Ghori to lead his final campaign in 1206.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Final Campaign Against the Khokhars (1206)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">: Ghori launched a punitive campaign, employing large-scale massacres to crush the rebellion.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><strong>Death of Muhammad Ghori (1206)<\/strong><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"><strong>:<\/strong> After successfully quelling the Khokhars, Ghori was assassinated by a fanatic from a rival sect on his return journey to Ghazni.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<table style=\"border-collapse: collapse;width: 100%\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td class=\"tb-color\" style=\"width: 50%;text-align: center\" colspan=\"2\"><strong>Other Related Posts<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;text-align: center\"><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/paramara-dynasty\/\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>Paramara Dynasty<\/strong><\/a><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;text-align: center\"><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/ashtadiggajas\/\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>Ashtadiggajas\u00a0<\/strong><\/a><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;text-align: center\"><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/western-chalukyas\/\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>Western Chalukyas<\/strong><\/a><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;text-align: center\"><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/battle-of-talikota\/\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>Battle of Talikota<\/strong><\/a><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;text-align: center\"><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/hoysala-dynasty\/\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>Hoysala Dynasty<\/strong><\/a><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;text-align: center\"><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/bahmani-kingdom\/\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>Bahmani Kingdom<\/strong><\/a><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;text-align: center\"><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/kakatiya-dynasty\/\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>Kakatiya Dynasty<\/strong><\/a><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;text-align: center\"><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/deccan-sultanates\/\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>Deccan Sultanates<\/strong><\/a><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;text-align: center\"><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/vijayanagara-empire\/\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>Vijayanagara Empire<\/strong><\/a><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;text-align: center\"><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/muhammad-ghori\/\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>Muhammad Ghori<\/strong><\/a><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;text-align: center\"><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/krishnadevaraya\/\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>Krishnadevaraya<\/strong><\/a><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;text-align: center\"><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/mahmud-of-ghazni\/\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>Mahmud of Ghazni<\/strong><\/a><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Muhammad Ghori (1173-1206) was a Ghurid ruler who established Muslim rule in India. He defeated Prithviraj Chauhan at Tarain, expanded his empire through strategic campaigns. His death in 1206 marked the end of his conquests.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":11,"featured_media":9614,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[19],"tags":[40,596],"class_list":{"0":"post-9267","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-upsc-medieval-history-notes","8":"tag-quest","9":"tag-upsc-medieval-history"},"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9267","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/11"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=9267"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9267\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":19587,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9267\/revisions\/19587"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/9614"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=9267"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=9267"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=9267"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}