{"id":9288,"date":"2026-01-11T12:45:06","date_gmt":"2026-01-11T07:15:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/?p=9288"},"modified":"2026-01-14T11:43:22","modified_gmt":"2026-01-14T06:13:22","slug":"iqta-system","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/iqta-system\/","title":{"rendered":"Iqta System, Meaning, Evolution, Features, Iqtadar Role"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><b>Iqta system<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> was a crucial administrative and land distribution mechanism during the Delhi Sultanate period. Under this system, the empire was divided into iqtas,\u00a0 which were assigned to nobles, officers, and soldiers for revenue collection and governance. These Iqtas were transferable and Muqtis, or Iqtadars, managed tax collection, maintained troops, and ensured administration, with surplus revenue sent to the Sultan\u2019s treasury.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Over time, the Iqta system evolved under various rulers like Iltutmish, Allaudin Khilji, and Muhammad Tughluq, introducing changes to improve central control. However, by the Mughal period, its significance declined due to centralized governance, financial reforms, and the emergence of alternative systems.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Iqta System Meaning<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<p><b>Iqta system<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, originating from the Arabic term \"Iqta,\" referred to an administrative regional unit akin to a province. It was a unique system of land distribution and governance developed during the Sultanate period. Under this system, the empire was divided into various large and small tracts of land, called iqtas, which were assigned to (Iqtadars) nobles, officers, and soldiers for revenue collection and administration.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The Iqtas were transferable, meaning the Iqtadars, or holders, were rotated between regions every few years.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The Iqta system did not grant land ownership but served as an administrative unit, with larger Iqtas overseen by Muqtis or Walis.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">They were responsible for tax collection, maintaining troops, and managing administration while sending surplus revenue to the central government, all under royal audit.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Iqta System Evolution<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<p><b>Iqta system <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">evolved, with various rulers making attempts to streamline administration, enhance central control, and address the challenges posed by decentralized governance. The Iqta system underwent the following modifications, from Iltutmish\u2019s initial setup to later reforms under the Tughlaqs and Lodis.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li><b>Muhammad Ghori:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Introduced the Iqta System in India. It was non-institutionalized during his rule.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li><b>Iltutmish:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> He institutionalised the Iqta System. Under this system, the entire <\/span><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/emergence-and-administration-of-the-delhi-sultanate\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Delhi Sultanate<\/a><\/strong><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> was divided into several pieces of land which were assigned to officials. The officials who held these land assignments were called Muqti.<\/span>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Iqta was not hereditary and did not entitle the Muqti to the Right of ownership. Muqtis were appointed to govern Iqtas but had no hereditary ownership.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n\t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/ghiyas-ud-din-balban\/\" target=\"_blank\"><b>Balban<\/b><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">: The same practices continued and an even more severe demand of depositing the excess amount collected called fawazil to the Sultan\u2019s treasury came up. An official called <\/span><b>khwaja<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> i.e. the accountant was appointed to monitor and check the revenue collection in Iqtas.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li><b>Allaudin Khilji:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Increased central intervention in the Iqtadari system to manage his expanded empire. Khalisa (direct revenue collection) was established near Delhi. Distant areas were assigned as Iqta to muqtis. <\/span><b>Cavalry soldiers<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> were now paid in <\/span><b>cash<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> from the Sultan's treasury instead of land assignments in <\/span><b>village Iqtas.<\/b><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"list-style-type: none\">\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The Finance Department <\/span><b>Diwan-I Wizarat <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">was made responsible for estimating tax income (<\/span><b>kharaj<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">) from each Iqta.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Introduced some moderation. The enhancements in the estimated revenue income by the central finance ministry were not to be more than 1\/10 or 1\/11th annually. The muqtis were allowed to keep l\/10th to l\/20th above their sanctioned salaries.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Muhammad Tughluq: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Radically changed the Iqta system by separating the two key functions: tax collection and troop maintenance. This separation aimed to secure larger income for the Sultan\u2019s treasury.<\/span>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Military commanders<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> (Amirs) were put in charge of the troops instead of the muqtis.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Ibn Battuta's<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> account of Hazar of Amroha provides evidence of dual administration, where an amir military commander handled troops, while the muqtis focused on tax collection.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Commanders now received only a part of the <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">iqta <\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">that was equivalent to their salary. This led to dissatisfaction among commanders.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Firuz Tughlaq: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">He demanded a new estimate of revenues, called \u2018jama\u2019, which was kept fixed throughout his reign. No enhancements were made to the jama, reducing pressure on muqtis to increase contributions to the treasury.<\/span>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">He distributed lands from the Iqta and Pargana systems and the empire\u2019s revenue to people in the name of God.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Soldiers were paid in terms of the revenues from villages, called \u2018wajh\u2019, rather than direct salaries.\u00a0<\/span>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Some soldiers were paid in cash, while others received rafts (itlaq, Barat) on the noble\u2019s Iqta for their services.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Firuz introduced a hereditary Iqta system, allowing Iqta ownership to pass within families. After the death of a muqti, the Iqta could be passed to his sons, sons-in-law, slaves, and widows.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The central government lost control as muqtis gained local control over their Iqtas. Muqtis strengthened their influence and power in the region, making transfers and troop maintenance rare in successive reigns.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Lodhis:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> The administrative charges and revenue assignments were combined and these were no longer called iqta but were simply called <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">sarkars <\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">and <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Parganas<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Features of Iqta System<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<p><b>Iqta system <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">was the cornerstone of the Sultanate's administrative structure, offering an effective means to govern a vast and diverse empire. It had the following features:<\/span><\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Revenue Collection Assignment: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The ruler would grant the Iqtadar the right to collect taxes or a portion of the agricultural output from a specific territory. This revenue could come in the form of agricultural produce, monetary taxes, or a combination of both.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Reciprocal Service:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> In return for the revenue assignment, Iqtadars were obliged to perform certain services for the state. These services varied but were typically of a military or administrative nature.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Temporary or Hereditary: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Depending on the ruler's whim, iqtas may be either temporary or hereditary. Within the Iqtadar's family, the rights and obligations may be passed down through the generations in the case of hereditary Iqtas.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Revenue Collection:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Iqtadars held considerable power in the areas they were tasked with protecting. They were in charge of collecting taxes, upholding law and order, and making sure the designated area boosted the empire's general economy.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Iqta as a reward:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> In many cases, especially for military leaders, the granting of an Iqta was a prize for services to the sovereign. It acted as a reward for commitment and loyalty.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h3><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Iqta System Division of Iqta<\/span><\/h3>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u2018Iqtas\u2019 were divided into smaller units called <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u2018shiqqs\u2019<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> and <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u2018parganas\u2019 <\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">and the villages. The head of a <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u2018Shiqq\u2019 <\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">was called <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u2018Shiqqdar\u2019<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">. Important officials of a <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u2018paragana\u2019 <\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">were the <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u2018amil\u2019 <\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">or \u2018munsif\u2019 the treasurer.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Iqta System Iqtadar Role<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Iqtadar was an appointed official in the Iqta system, responsible for governing a province on behalf of the Sultan. He held significant administrative and military powers but operated under strict supervision and restrictions imposed by the central government to ensure loyalty and compliance with imperial authority.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<h3><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Iqtadar Duties and Powers<\/span><\/h3>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">He was under the supervision of the Central government and carried on orders of the Sultan. He enjoyed the same powers in the province as the Sultan enjoyed in the empire. They maintained large armies and were required to send the same when asked by the Sultan. They maintained law and order in the territory under his charge and protected the life and property of the people. Their other roles include:\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Appointing soldiers in his army.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Collecting revenue from the people of his territory.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">To send yearly reports of his income and expenditure to the centre.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Administering expenditures on the maintenance of the army, depositing the rest in the state treasury.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h3><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Iqtadar Restrictions<\/span><\/h3>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The Iqtadar did not always enjoy hereditary powers. The Sultan could take back Iqtadar. The Iqtadar was liable to be transferred from one place to another. He could not engage himself in wars of extension without the prior approval of the Sultan. The elephants and the members of the royal family captured during wars were to be sent to the Sultan.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">He was not allowed to hold his court.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">He could not use a canopy or royal emblem.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">He could not mint coins in his name.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">He could not read \u2018Khutba\u2019 in his name.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Iqta System Decline<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">During the Delhi Sultanate and the early Mughal era, the Iqta method was widely used. But with time, its importance diminished. Its decrease was caused by several factors, including:<\/span><\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Centralization: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">A more centralized administrative system emerged as the <\/span><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/mughal-empire\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Mughal Empire<\/a><\/strong><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> consolidated its control. Strong central authority was not compatible with the Iqta system.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Financial Reforms:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> The Mughal emperors implemented a more standardized income collection system and financial reforms, which lessened the necessity for the Iqta system.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Permanent Settlement:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> In the late 1700s, the British East India Company replaced the Iqta system in Bengal with the <\/span><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/permanent-settlement\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Permanent Settlement<\/a><\/strong><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">. This further reduced the importance of the Iqta.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Iqta System UPSC PYQs<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<p><b>Q1.<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Consider the following statements: <\/span><b>(UPSC Prelims 2019)<\/b><\/p>\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">In the revenue administration of the Delhi Sultanate, the in charge of revenue collection was known as \u2018Amil\u2019.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The iqta system of Sultans of Delhi was an ancient indigenous institution.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The office of \u2018Mir Bakshi\u2019 came into existence during the reign of Khalji Sultans of Delhi.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Which of the statements given above is\/are correct?<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"><br \/>\r\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">(a) 1 only<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"><br \/>\r\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">(b) 1 and 2 only<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"><br \/>\r\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">(c) 3 only<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"><br \/>\r\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">(d) 1, 2 and 3<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><b>Ans: (a)<\/b><\/p>\r\n<table style=\"border-collapse: collapse;width: 100%\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td class=\"tb-color\" style=\"width: 50%;text-align: center\" colspan=\"2\"><strong>Other Related Posts<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;text-align: center\"><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/iqta-system\/\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>Iqta System<\/strong><\/a><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;text-align: center\"><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/akbar\/\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>Mughal Emperor Akbar<\/strong><\/a><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;text-align: center\"><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/iltutmish\/\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>Iltutmish<\/strong><\/a><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;text-align: center\"><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/battle-of-haldighati\/\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>Battle of Haldighati<\/strong><\/a><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;text-align: center\"><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/ghiyas-ud-din-balban\/\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>Ghiyas Ud Din Balban<\/strong><\/a><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;text-align: center\"><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/third-battle-of-panipat\/\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>Third Battle of Panipat<\/strong><\/a><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;text-align: center\"><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/khilji-dynasty\/\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>Khilji Dynasty<\/strong><\/a><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;text-align: center\"><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/jagirdari-system\/\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>Jagirdari System<\/strong><\/a><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;text-align: center\"><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/second-battle-of-panipat\/\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>Second Battle of Panipat<\/strong><\/a><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;text-align: center\"><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/rajput-policy-of-akbar\/\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>Rajput Policy of Akbar<\/strong><\/a><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;text-align: center\"><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/sayyid-dynasty\/\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>Sayyid Dynasty<\/strong><\/a><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;text-align: center\"><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/religious-policy-of-akbar\/\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>Religious Policy of Akbar<\/strong><\/a><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;text-align: center\"><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/first-battle-of-panipat\/\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>First Battle of Panipat<\/strong><\/a><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;text-align: center\"><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/navratna-of-akbar\/\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>Navratna of Akbar<\/strong><\/a><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;text-align: center\"><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/humayun\/\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>Humayun<\/strong><\/a><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;text-align: center\"><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/jahangir\/\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>Jahangir<\/strong><\/a><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;text-align: center\"><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/sher-shah-suri\/\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>Sher Shah Suri<\/strong><\/a><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;text-align: center\"><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/dara-shikoh\/\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>Dara Shikoh<\/strong><\/a><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The Iqta system was an administrative structure where lands (iqtas) were assigned to nobles (Iqtadars) for tax collection and governance. Over time, it evolved with increased centralization under rulers like Iltutmish and Tughluq but declined with Mughal reforms.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":11,"featured_media":9405,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[19],"tags":[40,596],"class_list":{"0":"post-9288","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-upsc-medieval-history-notes","8":"tag-quest","9":"tag-upsc-medieval-history"},"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9288","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/11"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=9288"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9288\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":23096,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9288\/revisions\/23096"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/9405"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=9288"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=9288"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=9288"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}