

{"id":9490,"date":"2026-02-18T15:04:28","date_gmt":"2026-02-18T09:34:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/?p=9490"},"modified":"2026-02-20T10:36:36","modified_gmt":"2026-02-20T05:06:36","slug":"upsc-civil-engineering-optional-syllabus","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/upsc-civil-engineering-optional-syllabus\/","title":{"rendered":"UPSC Civil Engineering Optional Syllabus 2026 for CSE Mains Paper 1 &#038; 2"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The Union Public Service Commission (UPSC) offers Civil Engineering as one of the 48 optional subjects for the UPSC Mains Exam, specifically for candidates with a Bachelor\u2019s or Master\u2019s degree in Civil Engineering. Choosing Civil Engineering as an optional subject can be a strategic decision, especially if the candidate aims to score well in the optional exam. This article covers the syllabus, recommended books, preparation strategy of selecting Civil Engineering as an optional subject.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<h2><b>UPSC Civil Engineering Syllabus<\/b><\/h2>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The UPSC Mains Exam offers Civil Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, and Electrical Engineering as optional subjects. Civil Engineering primarily deals with the design and maintenance of physical and environmental structures like bridges and buildings.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">It is generally recommended for candidates with an engineering background since it is a technical subject. Without prior knowledge, candidates may find it difficult to understand the concepts. For Civil Engineering graduates, choosing this optional can be time-saving as a significant portion of the syllabus is already covered with their academic studies.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<h2><b>UPSC Civil Engineering Syllabus for Paper 1<\/b><\/h2>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The UPSC Civil Engineering Syllabus for Paper 1 includes the topics covered during their engineering course including subjects like Engineering Mechanics, Strength of Materials, Structural Analysis, and Design of Structures. For a detailed subject description, refer to the table below.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<table>\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td class=\"tb-color\" colspan=\"2\">\r\n<p><b>UPSC Civil Engineering Syllabus for Paper 1<\/b><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Topic<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Subtopic<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td colspan=\"2\">\r\n<p><b>Engineering Mechanics, Strength of Materials, and Structural Analysis<\/b><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">1.1 Engineering Mechanics<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Units and Dimensions , SI Units, Vectors, Concept of Force, Concept of particle and rigid body.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Concurrent, Non- Concurrent, and parallel forces in a plane , moment of force free body diagram, conditions of equilibrium, Principle of virtual work, equivalent force system.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">First and Second Moment of area, Mass moment of Inertia.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Static Friction.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Kinematics and Kinetics : Kinematics in cartesian Coordinates, motion under uniform and non-uniform acceleration, motion under gravity.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Kinetics of particles: Momentum and Energy principles, collision of elastic bodies, rotation of rigid bodies.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">1.2 Strength of Materials<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Simple Stress and Strain, Elastic constants, axially loaded compression members, Shear force and bending moment, theory of simple bending, Shear Stress distribution across cross sections, and Beams of uniform strength.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Deflection of beams: Mecaulay\u2019s method, Mohr\u2019s Moment area method, Conjugate beam method, and unit load method. Torsion of Shafts, Elastic stability of columns, Euler\u2019s, Rankine\u2019s, and Secant formula.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">1.3 Structural Analysis<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Castiglianio\u2019s theorems I and II, unit load method, of consistent deformation applied to beams and pin jointed trusses. Slope-deflection, moment distribution.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Rolling loads and Influences lines : Influences lines for Shear Force and Bending moment at a section of a beam. Criteria for maximum shear force and bending Moment in beams traversed by a system of moving loads. Influences lines for simply supported plane pin jointed trusses.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Arches : Three-hinged, two-hinged, and fixed arches, rib shortening and temperature effects.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Matrix methods of analysis: Force method and displacement method of analysis of indeterminate beams and rigid frames.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Plastic Analysis of beams and frames : Theory of plastic bending, plastic analysis, statical method, Mechanism method.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Unsymmetrical bending : Moment of inertia, product of inertia, position of Neutral Axis and Principal axes, calculation of bending stresses.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td colspan=\"2\">\r\n<p><b>Design of Structures: Steel, concrete, and masonry structures<\/b><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">2.1 Structural Steel Design<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Structural steel: Factors of safety and load factors. Riveted, bolted, and welded joints and connections. Design of tension and compression members, beams of built-up section, riveted and welded plate girders, gantry girders, stancheons with battens, and lacings.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">2.2 Design of Concrete and Masonry Structures<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Concept of mixed design. Reinforced Concrete: Working Stress and Limit State method of design\u2014Recommendations of I. S. codes. design of one-way and two-way slabs, stair-case slabs, simple and continuous beams of rectangular, T, and L sections. compression members under direct load with or without eccentricity.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Cantilever and Counterfort type retaining walls.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Water tanks: Design requirements for Rectangular and circular tanks resting on the ground.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Prestressed Concrete: Methods and systems of prestressing, anchorages, Analysis, and design of sections for flexure based on working stress, and loss of prestress.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Design of brick masonry as per I. S. Codes<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td colspan=\"2\">\r\n<p><b>Fluid Mechanics, open channel flow, and Hydraulic Machines<\/b><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">3.1 Fluid Mechanics<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Fluid properties and their role in fluid motion, fluid statics including forces acting on plane and curved surfaces.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Kinematics and Dynamics of Fluid flow: Velocity and accelerations, stream lines, equation of continuity, irrotational and rotational flow, velocity potential, and stream functions.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Continuity, momentum, energy equation, Navier Stokes equation, Euler\u2019s equation of motion, application to fluid flow problems, pipe flow, sluice gates, and weirs.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">3.2 Dimensional Analysis and Similitude<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Buckingham\u2019s Pi-theorem, dimensionless parameters.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">3.3 Laminar Flow<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Laminar flow between parallel, stationary, and moving plates, flows through the tube.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">3.4 Boundary layer<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Laminar and turbulent boundary layer on a flat plate, laminar sub-layer, smooth and rough boundaries, drag and lift.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Turbulent flow through pipes: Characteristics of turbulent flow, velocity distribution and variation of pipe friction factor, hydraulic grade line and total energy line.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">3.5 Open channel flow<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Uniform and non-uniform flows, momentum and energy correction factors, specific energy and specific force, critical depth, rapidly varied flow, hydraulic jump, gradually varied flow, classification of surface profiles, control section, step method of integration of varied flow equations.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">3.6 Hydraulic Machines and Hydropower<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Hydraulic turbines, types classification, Choice of turbines performance parameters, controls, characteristics, specific speed.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Principles of hydropower development.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td colspan=\"2\">\r\n<p><b>Geotechnical Engineering<\/b><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">4. Geotechnical Engineering<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Soil Type and Structure \u2014gradation and particle size distribution\u2014consistency limits.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Water in soil \u2014capillary and structural\u2014effective stress and pore water pressure\u2014permeability concept\u2014field and laboratory determination of permeability\u2014Seepage pressure\u2014quick sand conditions\u2014Shear strength determination\u2014Mohr Coulomb concept.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Compaction of soil \u2014Laboratory and field test.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Compressibility and consolidation concept \u2014 consolidation theory\u2014consolidation settlement analysis.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Earth pressure theory and analysis for retaining walls, Application for sheet piles, and Braced excavation.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Bearing capacity of soil \u2014approaches for analysis- Field tests\u2014settlement analysis\u2014stability of slope of earth walk.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Subsurface exploration of soils \u2014methods<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Foundation \u2014Type and selection criteria for foundation of structures\u2014Design criteria for foundation\u2014Analysis of the distribution of stress for footings and pile\u2014pile group action\u2014pile load test.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Ground improvement techniques.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<h2><b>UPSC Civil Engineering Syllabus for Paper 2<\/b><\/h2>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The UPSC Civil Engineering Syllabus for Paper 2 includes the topics like Construction Technology, Equipment, Planning and Management, Surveying and Transportation Engineering, and Hydrology. For a detailed subject description, refer to the table below.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<table>\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td class=\"tb-color\" colspan=\"2\">\r\n<p><b>UPSC Civil Engineering Syllabus for Paper 2<\/b><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Topic<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Subtopic<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td colspan=\"2\">\r\n<p><b>Construction Technology, Equipment, Planning and Management<\/b><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">1.1 Construction Technology (Engineering Materials)<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Physical properties of construction materials with respect to their use in construction\u2014Stones, Bricks, and Tiles; Lime, Cement, different types of Mortars, and Concrete.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Specific use of ferro cement, fibre reinforced C. C., High strength concrete.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Timber; Properties defects\u2014common preservation treatments.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Use and selection of materials for specific use like Low-Cost Housing, Mass Housing, High Rise Buildings.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">1.2 Construction<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Masonry principles using Brick, stone, Blocks\u2014 construction detailing and strength characteristics.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Types of plastering, pointing, flooring, roofing, and construction features.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Common repairs in buildings.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Principle of functional planning of building for residents and specific use\u2014Building code provisions.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Basic principles of detailed and approximate estimating \u2014specification writing and rate analysis principles of valuation of real property.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Machinery for earthwork , concreting, and their specific uses\u2014Factors affecting the selection of equipment\u2014operating cost of equipment.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">1.3 Construction Planning and Management<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Construction activity \u2014 schedules\u2014organization for construction industry\u2014Quality assurance principles.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Use Basic principle of network \u2014analysis in form of CPM and PERT\u2014their use in construction monitoring, Cost optimization, and resource allocation.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Basic principles of Economic analysis and methods.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Project profitability \u2014Basic principles of Boot approach to financial planning-simple toll fixation criterions .<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td colspan=\"2\">\r\n<p><b>Surveying and Transportation Engineering<\/b><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">2.1 Surveying<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Surveying : Common methods and instruments for distance and angle measurement for CE work\u2014their use in plane table, traverse survey, leveling work, triangulation, contouring and topographical maps.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Basic principles of photogrammetry and remote sensing<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">2.2 Railways Engineering<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Permanent way\u2014components, types, and their function-Functions and Design constituents of turn and crossing\u2014 Necessity of geometric design of track\u2014Design of station and yards.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">2.3 Highway Engineering<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Principles of Highway alignments \u2014classification and geometrical design elements and standards for Roads.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Pavement structure for flexible and rigid pavements\u2014Design principles and methodology of pavements.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Typical construction methods and standards of materials for stabilized soil, WBM, Bituminous works, and CC roads.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Surface and sub-surface drainage arrangements for roads\u2014culvert structures.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Pavement distresses and strengthening by overlays.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Traffic surveys and their application in traffic planning\u2014Typical design features for channelized, intersection rotary, etc.\u2014signal designs\u2014standard Traffic signs and markings.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td colspan=\"2\">\r\n<p><b>Hydrology, Water Resources, and Engineering<\/b><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">3.1 Hydrology<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Hydrological cycle, precipitation, evaporation, transpiration, infiltration, overland flow, hydrograph,<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">flood frequency analyses, flood routing through a reservoir, channel flow routing\u2014Muskingum method.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">3.2 Groundwater flow<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Specific yield, storage coefficient, coefficient of permeability, confined and unconfined aquifers, aquifers, aquitards, radial flow into a well under confined and unconfined conditions.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">3.3 Water Resources Engineering<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Ground and surface water resources, single and multipurpose projects, storage capacity of reservoirs, reservoir losses, and reservoir sedimentation.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">3.4 Irrigation Engineering<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td>\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Water requirements of crops : consumptive use, duty and delta, irrigation methods and their efficiencies.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Canals : Distribution systems for canal irrigation, canal capacity, canal losses, alignment of main and distributary canals, most efficient section, lined canals, their design, regime theory, critical shear stress, and bed load.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Water logging: causes and control, salinity.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Canal structures: Design of head regulators, canal falls, aqueducts, metering flumes, and canal outlets.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Diversion head work : Principles and design of weirs on permeable and impermeable foundation, Khosla\u2019s theory, energy dissipation.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Storage works: Types of dams, design, principles of rigid gravity stability analysis.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Spillways: Spillway types, energy dissipation.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">River training : Objectives of river training, methods of river training.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td colspan=\"2\">\r\n<p><b>Environmental Engineering<\/b><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">4.1 Water Supply<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Predicting demand for water, impurities of water and their significance, physical, chemical, and bacteriological analysis, waterborne diseases, and standards for potable water.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">4.2 Intake of Water<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Water treatment: principles of coagulation, flocculation, and sedimentation; slow-, rapid-, pressure, filters; chlorination, softening, removal of taste, odour, and salinity.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">4.3 Sewerage Systems<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Domestic and industrial wastes , store sewage\u2014separate and combined systems, flow through sewers, design of sewers.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">4.4 Sewage Characterisation<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">BOD, COD , solids, dissolved oxygen, nitrogen, and TOC . Standards of disposal in normal water course and on land.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">4.5 Sewage Treatment<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Working principles, units, chambers, sedimentation tank, trickling filters, oxidation ponds, activated sludge process, septic tank, disposal of sludge, recycling of wastewater.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">4.6 Solid waste<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Collection and disposal in rural and urban contexts, management of long-term ill-effects.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td colspan=\"2\">\r\n<p><b>Environmental pollution<\/b><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">5. Environmental pollution<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Sustainable development. Radioactive wastes and disposal. Environmental impact assessment for thermal power plants, mines, river valley projects.\u00a0 Air pollution. Pollution Control Acts.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<h2><b>UPSC Civil Engineering Optional Syllabus PDF<\/b><\/h2>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The UPSC Civil Engineering Optional Syllabus consists of two papers \u2014 Paper 1 and Paper 2, each carrying a weightage of 250 marks. Both papers cover around 4 major subjects. Below is a direct link for UPSC Civil Engineering Optional Syllabus PDF for candidates who are opting for Civil Engineering as their optional subject.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<h2><b>UPSC Civil Engineering Syllabus 2026 Preparation Strategy<\/b><\/h2>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Preparing for the Civil Engineering Optional in the UPSC Mains requires a focused and well-planned strategy. Candidates who are opting as optional subject can refer the below discussed UPSC Civil Engineering Optional Syllabus Preparation Strategy:<\/span><\/p>\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Carefully go through the syllabus for Paper 1 and Paper 2 to identify the key topics.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Choose standard textbooks and reference materials as per the syllabus for in-depth preparation.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Prepare concise notes, especially for important formulas and concepts for quick revision.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Enhance your presentation and time management skills by solving previous year\u2019s papers and participating in a test series.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Focus on problem-solving, particularly in subjects like Structural Analysis, Fluid Mechanics, and Transportation Engineering.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Analyze your performance after each test and revise challenging topics.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Allocate dedicated time for consistent revision and problem-solving to strengthen your understanding.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Consider joining a Civil Engineering Optional coaching or seeking mentorship for expert feedback and guidance.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Apply constructive feedback to improve your answer-writing skills and build a confident exam approach.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<h2><b>UPSC Civil Engineering Syllabus Optional Books<\/b><\/h2>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">To effectively cover the Civil Engineering Optional Syllabus for the UPSC Mains, candidates should refer to the standard reference books which helps in building conceptual clarity. Below we have shared the list of UPSC Civil Engineering Optional Books that an appearing candidate who is opting for the Civil Engineering as the optional subject:<\/span><\/p>\r\n<table>\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td class=\"tb-color\" colspan=\"2\">\r\n<p><b>UPSC Civil Engineering Syllabus Optional Books<\/b><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Book<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Author<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Engineering Mechanics<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Irvin Shames<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Strength of Materials<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Stephen Timoshenko<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Strength of Materials<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">S. Ramamrutham<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Intermediate Structural Analysis<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">CK Wang<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Theory of Structures<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">S. Ramamrutham<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Design of Steel Structures<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">S Duggal<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Prestressed Concrete<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">N Krishna Raju<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Handbook Of Reinforced Concrete Design<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">SN Sinha<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Hydraulics and Fluid Mechanics Including Hydraulics Machines<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Modi and Seth<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Flow in Open Channels<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">K Subramanya<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Basic and Applied Soil Mechanics<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Gopal Ranjan and Rao<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Soil Mechanics And Foundation Engineering<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">SK Garg<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Construction, Planning, and Management<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">UK Srivastava<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Irrigation Engineering<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">S.K. Garg<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Building Construction<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Arora and Bindra<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Hydrology and Water Resources Engineering<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">S.K. Garg<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Surveying<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">BC Punmia<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Environmental Engineering (both volumes)<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">S.K. Garg<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<table>\r\n<thead>\r\n<tr>\r\n<th class=\"tb-color\" style=\"width: 99.1139%\" colspan=\"3\">Other Related UPSC Optional Syllabus<\/th>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/thead>\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 40.5063%\">\r\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/commerce-and-accountancy-optional-syllabus\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>UPSC Commerce Optional Syllabus<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 27.4684%\">\r\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/geography-syllabus-for-upsc\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>UPSC Geography Optional Syllabus<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 31.1392%\">\r\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/upsc-geology-syllabus\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>UPSC Geology Optional Syllabus<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 40.5063%\">\r\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/upsc-history-syllabus\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>UPSC History Optional Syllabus<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 27.4684%\">\r\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/law-optional-syllabus\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>UPSC Law Optional Syllabus<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 31.1392%\">\r\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/upsc-maths-optional-syllabus\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>UPSC Maths Optional Syllabus<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 40.5063%\">\r\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/medical-science-optional-syllabus\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>UPSC Medical Science Optional Syllabus<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 27.4684%\">\r\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/upsc-philosophy-syllabus\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>UPSC Philosophy Optional Syllabus<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 31.1392%\">\r\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/physics-optional-syllabus\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>UPSC Physics Optional Syllabus<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 40.5063%\">\r\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/psir-optional-syllabus\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>UPSC PSIR Optional Syllabus<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 27.4684%\">\r\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/upsc-psychology-syllabus\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>UPSC Psychology Optional Syllabus<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 31.1392%\">\r\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/upsc-sociology-syllabus\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>UPSC Sociology Optional Syllabus<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 40.5063%\">\r\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/upsc-zoology-syllabus\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>UPSC Zoology Optional Syllabus<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 27.4684%\">\r\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/upsc-economics-syllabus\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>UPSC Economics Optional Syllabus<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 31.1392%\">\r\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/agriculture-optional-syllabus\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>UPSC Agriculture Optional Syllabus<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 40.5063%\">\r\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/anthropology-syllabus-for-upsc\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>UPSC Anthropology Optional Syllabus<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 27.4684%\">\r\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/upsc-botany-syllabus\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>UPSC Botany Optional Syllabus<\/strong><\/a><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 31.1392%\">\r\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/upsc-chemistry-optional-syllabus\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>UPSC Chemistry Optional Syllabus\u00a0<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 40.5063%\">\r\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/upsc-civil-engineering-optional-syllabus\/\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>UPSC Civil Engineering Optional Syllabus<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 27.4684%\">\r\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/upsc-management-syllabus\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>UPSC Management Optional Syllabus<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 31.1392%\">\r\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/upsc-mechanical-engineering-optional-syllabus\/\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>UPSC Mechanical Engineering Optional Syllabus<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 40.5063%\">\r\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/public-administration-optional-syllabus\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>UPSC Public Administration Optional Syllabus<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 27.4684%\">\r\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/upsc-statistics-optional-syllabus\/\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>UPSC Statistics Optional Syllabus\u00a0<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 31.1392%\">\r\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/upsc-electrical-engineering-optional-syllabus\/\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>UPSC Electrical Engineering Optional Syllabus<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 40.5063%\">\r\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/upsc-animal-husbandry-veterinary-science-optional-syllabus\/\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>UPSC Animal Husbandry &amp; Veterinary Science Optional Syllabus<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 27.4684%\">\r\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 31.1392%\">\r\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The UPSC Mains Exam offers Civil Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, and Electrical Engineering as optional subjects. Civil Engineering primarily deals with the design and maintenance of physical and environmental structures like bridges and buildings.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":23,"featured_media":9514,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[987,986],"class_list":{"0":"post-9490","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-upsc-cse-exam","8":"tag-civil-engineering-optional-syllabus","9":"tag-upsc-civil-engineering-syllabus"},"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9490","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/23"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=9490"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9490\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":21241,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9490\/revisions\/21241"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/9514"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=9490"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=9490"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=9490"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}