{"id":9787,"date":"2025-11-15T12:33:10","date_gmt":"2025-11-15T07:03:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/?p=9787"},"modified":"2025-11-17T17:47:20","modified_gmt":"2025-11-17T12:17:20","slug":"care-economy","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/care-economy\/","title":{"rendered":"Care Economy, Definition, Need, Features, Suggestions"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Care Economy is the <\/span><b>sum of all paid and unpaid activities<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> that provide care and support to people. Care Economy includes care for children, the elderly, and people with disabilities. Care Economy has the potential to generate huge employment in the future. Despite having vast potential, the care work across the countries remains plagued by low wages and non-compensation.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The Care economy is a cornerstone of sustainable development and social well-being. By recognizing its value, investing in its infrastructure, and addressing systemic inequalities, societies can build more resilient and inclusive economies.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Care Economy Definition<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The Care Economy, also known as the <\/span><b>Purple Economy<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, encompasses both unpaid and paid caregiving activities. Unpaid work involves nursing or cooking for family members, while paid care work involves domestic workers providing services in exchange for remuneration. Traditionally, caregiving was solely women's responsibility, but it is now shared equally among all family members.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Care Economy Need<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Care Economy\u2019s need arises due to the necessity to focus on growth and at the same time cater to the demand of the elderly population. Care Economy also helps support the formal economy and bridges the gender divide. The details are as mentioned below:<\/span><\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Core of Growth:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> It helps in sustaining human activity for present and future generations by providing regular care work. According to estimates by the <\/span><b><i>WEF<\/i><\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, if unpaid work is compensated, then it would represent <\/span><b>9% of Global GDP<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Supports Formal Sector Employees:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> The employees working in the formal sector can sustain their work because their children, older parents, and loved ones are being taken care of by care workers.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Growing Elderly Population:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> The Care Economy supports the older population, who are its primary beneficiaries. As their numbers grow steadily, the demand for care services increases.\u00a0<\/span>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">According to <\/span><b>United Nations Population Fund<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> (UNFPA) estimates, by 2050, 20% of India's population will be aged 60 and above. This demographic shift further expands the need for a robust Care Economy.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Promoting Gender Equality:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> The care work traditionally fell on women disproportionately increasing inequality. It limited their participation in paid economic tasks leading to their limited growth.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Care Economy Features<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The features of the Care Economy include it being women-centric and most of the workers work without remuneration. The details are explained below:<\/span><\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Unpaid Work:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> It forms a crucial part of the Care Economy as most of the work is not paid for as against paid work in a Monetized Economy.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Role of Women:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> The majority of work is still done by women in the Care Economy. They spend more time than men in care work.\u00a0<\/span>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Women spend 3.2 times more time than men in care work.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Human Capital Development:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> It supports Human Capital Development by taking care of young children, the disabled, etc.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Care Economy and Monetized Economy<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Care Economy can be distinguished from a Monetized Economy based on the idea that while a Monetized Economy involves activities that receive direct payments and are included in GDP on the other hand Care Economy includes activities that are either unpaid or paid low-wages. The differences between the Care Economy and the Monetized Economy are discussed in the table below:<\/span><\/p>\r\n<table>\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td class=\"tb-color\">\r\n<p><b>Feature<\/b><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"tb-color\">\r\n<p><b>Care Economy<\/b><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"tb-color\">\r\n<p><b>Monetized Economy<\/b><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>\r\n<p><b>Nature of Work<\/b><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Caregiving, emotional labor, domestic tasks<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Market-driven goods and services<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>\r\n<p><b>Payment<\/b><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Often unpaid or low-paid<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Paid and monetized<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>\r\n<p><b>Recognition in GDP<\/b><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Mostly excluded or undervalued<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Fully included<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>\r\n<p><b>Gender Role<\/b><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Predominantly women<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">More gender-neutral but still male-dominated in leadership<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>\r\n<p><b>Impact on Society<\/b><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Essential for human development and well-being<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Drives economic growth and wealth creation<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Care Economy in India<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Indian economy is undergoing a rapid change with a focus on <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/urbanization\/#:~:text=Urbanization%20can%20have%20a%20significant,gardens%2C%20to%20mitigate%20these%20impacts.\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">urbanization<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> and nuclearization increasing rapidly. The disruption in joint family structure and the move towards smaller nuclear families has highlighted the importance of the Care Economy in India. According to the International Labour Organization (ILO), increasing investments in the Care Economy can help India generate 11 million jobs of which nearly 70% will go to women.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<h3><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Need for Care Economy in India<\/span><\/h3>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The need for a care economy in India is due to factors like the changing demographic profile of the country, gender divides, lack of recognition for care workers and to utilize the business potential. The details are explained below:<\/span><\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Changing Demographic:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Elderly population is expected to increase between 2020 to 2050 although the fertility rates are decreasing thereby indicating a need for more care workers.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-13579 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/d35xcwcl37xo08.cloudfront.net\/upsc-exam-wp-uploads\/2025\/06\/unnamed-2.webp\" alt=\"Changing Demographic\" width=\"512\" height=\"274\" \/><\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Gender Inequality:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Most of the unpaid work is being done by women resulting in increased gender divides. According to NSO, women of working age (15-59 years) spend most of their time in unpaid work whereas men of the same age spend time in paid work.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Double Burden of Work:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Working women in India have to face an even higher burden of work due to unpaid care work. But literate men have to spend less work on unpaid care work when compared to non-literate males.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Support GDP growth:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> The economic value of women\u2019s unpaid domestic and care work can contribute to 15-17% of <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">GDP<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> if accounted for and will help in improving the economic status.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Business potential:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Increasing investments in the Care Economy can bring a win-win situation as it can boost employment as well as supply caregivers for the needy.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Care Economy Challenges<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The Care Economy faces various challenges ranging from the lack of policies to the lack of infrastructure support. The challenges also include gender disparities, labour rights violations, and low government spending. The challenges are discussed in detail below:<\/span><\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Undervalued Unpaid Work: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The unpaid work in the Care Economy is often undervalued leading to lower wages and increased disparities.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Over-representation of women:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> The burden of care work has been disproportionately falling on women leading to their mental fatigue and overall loss of well-being.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Lack of Policies:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> The absence of clear guidelines and policies for care workers leads to a lack of career advancement for them.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Inaccessible Labour Rights:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Even the paid care workers find it difficult to access their rights and liberties. In India, many paid caregivers like Anganwadi workers, Auxiliary Nurse-Midwives (ANMs), and Accredited Social-Health Activists (ASHAs) are not provided with fixed monthly salaries in several states.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Low Government Spending:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> The focus on Care Economy has been less which is highlighted by the fact that Government spending is low in this area.\u00a0<\/span>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">In India, Government spending is less than 1% of the <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/gross-domestic-product-gdp\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">GDP<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> on care work infrastructure, and services.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Care Economy Suggestions<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The Care Economy needs robust reforms to enhance the overall contribution to economic growth. The suggestions for improvement include creating a policy and identification mechanism for caregivers. Further, there is a need to increase government spending and adopt ILO\u2019s 5R framework. The details are as explained below:<\/span><\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Policy formation:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> A suitable policy with proper definition and guidelines for care workers needs to be created. It will allow the workers to get recognition and increase their economic potential by getting more matches with care seekers.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Identification: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The caregivers need to be identified and then brought into the formal system through identification mechanisms like ID Cards, online portals, etc.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Increase Government Spending:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> The Government spending on the Care Economy needs to improve to create more infrastructure and services for both paid and unpaid workers.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Utilize International Frameworks:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> The <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">ILO <\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">provides a <\/span><b>5R <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">framework for decent care work. This framework aims to improve the working conditions for care workers and achieve gender equality.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b style=\"font-size: inherit\">Awareness generation: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Focus should also be given to creating awareness about the importance of the Care Economy and tackling the patriarchal mindset.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Care Economy Initiatives<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The Government and Private bodies across the world and in India have taken various initiatives to support the care economy. This support is crucial in developing the care economy and making it complement and supplement the monetized economy.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<h3><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Government Initiatives<\/span><\/h3>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The Government of India has been proactively working to improve Care Economy in the country. It has brought several initiatives like Saksham Anaganwadi Poshan 2.0, Palna Ghar, Rashtriya Vayoshri Yojana, Child-Care Leave (CCL) Policy, etc. The initiatives taken are discussed in detail below:<\/span><\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Saksham Anganwadi Poshan 2.0:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Saksham Anganwadi and Poshan 2.0 is an Integrated Nutrition Support Programme. It seeks to address the challenges of malnutrition in children, adolescent girls, pregnant women, and lactating mothers through a strategic shift in nutrition content and delivery.\u00a0<\/span>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">It works for the creation of a convergent ecosystem to develop and promote practices that nurture health, wellness, and immunity.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Palna Ghar:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Palna Ghar Yojana is a scheme of the Central Government to provide daycare facilities for the children of working mothers. It is also known as the <\/span><b>National Creche Scheme.<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> This care is given to children between the ages of 6 months to 6 years.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Rashtriya Vayoshri Yojana:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u00a0 The senior citizens from BPL families get physical aids and assistive devices free of cost. The objective of this scheme is to provide equipment according to the needs of senior citizens who are disabled due to old age.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Childcare Leave Policy:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> It allows 730 days of paid leave for female employees to care for up to two children under 18, over and above maternity leave.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h3><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Private Initiatives<\/span><\/h3>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Several Global Organizations have also embarked on the journey to improve the Care Economy and in this regard brought projects related to Child Care, Women's support, and the overall development of the care economy. Some of the significant projects include the following:<\/span><\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Global Tackline Childcare Project:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> It is a project by the International Finance Corporation to raise awareness of the importance of employer-supported childcare.<\/span>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">It showed that employer-supported childcare could result in a win-win-win for families, employers, and economies.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Childcare Work by Kidogo<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">: Kidogo a non-profit in East Africa, uses a social franchising approach to support women childcare microbusiness entrepreneurs, known as \u201c<\/span><b>Mamapreneurs<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u201d, in starting and growing their businesses.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Care Economy Way Forward<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The lacunae in the care economy can be tackled using<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400\">holistic regulatory oversight along with suitable investment in the care economy. The gap can be bridged with support from both government and private sector. This will result in improving the Care Economy and fostering inclusive growth along with the creation of new opportunities for women.\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Therefore, revitalizing the care economy is the need of the hour to realize women-led development in <\/span><b>Vikshit Bharat by 2047<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Care Economy UPSC PYQs<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<p><b>Q.1<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Distinguish between \u2018care economy\u2019 and \u2018monetized economy\u2019. How can the care economy be brought into the monetized economy through women's empowerment? <\/span><b>(UPSC Mains 2023)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Q.2 With reference to the National Rural Health Mission, which of the following are the jobs of \u2018ASHA\u2019, a trained community health worker? <\/span><b>(UPSC Prelims 2012)<\/b><\/p>\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Accompanying women to the health facility for antenatal care checkups\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Using pregnancy test kits for early detection of pregnancy\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Providing information on nutrition and immunization\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Conducting the delivery of a baby\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Select the correct answer using the codes given below:\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">(a) 1, 2 and 3 only\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">(b) 2 and 4 only\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">(c) 1 and 3 only\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">(d) 1, 2, 3 and 4<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><b>Ans. (a)<\/b><\/p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Q.3 With reference to the \u2018Pradhan Mantri Surakshit Matritva Abhiyan\u2019, consider the following statements:<\/span><\/p>\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\">\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">This scheme guarantees a minimum package of antenatal care services to women in their second and third trimesters of pregnancy and six months of post-delivery health care services in any government health facility.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\">\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Under this scheme, private sector healthcare providers of certain specialties can volunteer to provide services at nearby government health facilities.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Which of the statements given above is\/are correct?<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">(a) 1 only\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">(b) 2 only\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">(c) Both 1 and 2\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">(d) Neither 1 and 2<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><b>Ans. (b)<\/b><\/p>\r\n<table style=\"border-collapse: collapse;width: 100%;height: 150px\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 25px\">\r\n<td class=\"tb-color\" style=\"width: 50%;text-align: center;height: 25px\" colspan=\"2\"><strong>Other Related Posts<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 25px\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;text-align: center;height: 25px\"><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/new-economic-policy-1991\/\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>New Economic Policy 1991<\/strong><\/a><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;text-align: center;height: 25px\"><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/green-gdp\/\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>Green GDP<\/strong><\/a><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 25px\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;text-align: center;height: 25px\"><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/care-economy\/\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>Care Economy<\/strong><\/a><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;text-align: center;height: 25px\"><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/securities-and-exchange-board-of-india-sebi\/\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>Securities and Exchange Board of India<\/strong><\/a><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 25px\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;text-align: center;height: 25px\"><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/national-income\/\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>National Income<\/strong><\/a><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;text-align: center;height: 25px\"><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/foreign-portfolio-investment-fpi\/\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>Foreign Portfolio Investment<\/strong><\/a><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 25px\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;text-align: center;height: 25px\"><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/gross-domestic-product-gdp\/\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>Gross Domestic Product (GDP)<\/strong><\/a><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;text-align: center;height: 25px\"><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/foreign-direct-investment-fdi\/\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>Foreign Direct Investment<\/strong><\/a><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 25px\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;text-align: center;height: 25px\" colspan=\"2\"><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/gdp-deflator\/\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>GDP Deflator<\/strong><\/a><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The Care Economy includes both paid and unpaid caregiving activities, supporting the elderly, children, and disabled. It drives economic growth, promotes gender equality, and creates job opportunities, especially for women, despite challenges like low wages.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":11,"featured_media":9820,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[30],"tags":[1034,40,1033],"class_list":{"0":"post-9787","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-upsc-economy-notes","8":"tag-care-economy","9":"tag-quest","10":"tag-upsc-economy-notes"},"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9787","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/11"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=9787"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9787\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":21422,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9787\/revisions\/21422"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/9820"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=9787"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=9787"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=9787"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}