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Are you feeling the pressure as the UPSC Prelims 2024 draws nearer? With only 70 days left until the big day, it's time to buckle down and focus on strategic revision. To help you make the most of this crucial period, we've developed a comprehensive 70-day revision plan tailored specifically for UPSC aspirants like you.<h3>Understanding the Plan:</h3>Our 70-day revision plan is meticulously crafted to cover all the essential aspects of the UPSC Prelims syllabus while optimizing your study time for maximum efficiency. Here's a glimpse into what the plan entails:<ul><li>Structured Daily Targets: Each day of the plan is carefully mapped out with specific targets for revision, ensuring that you cover all the relevant topics within the allotted time frame.</li><li>Strategic Subject Rotation: We've designed the plan to incorporate a strategic rotation of subjects, allowing you to maintain a balanced approach to revision and prevent burnout.</li><li>Regular Practice Tests: Practice makes perfect! Our plan includes regular practice tests to gauge your progress, identify areas of weakness, and refine your exam-taking strategies.</li><li>Focused Revision Sessions: With limited time available, our plan emphasizes focused and efficient 3 rounds of revision sessions, prioritizing high-yield topics and key concepts that are likely to appear on the exam.&nbsp;</li></ul><h3>Benefits of Following Our Plan:</h3><ul><li>Optimized Time Management: By following our structured daily targets, you'll learn to manage your time effectively and make the most of the remaining 70 days leading up to the exam.</li><li>Comprehensive Coverage: Our plan ensures comprehensive coverage of the UPSC Prelims syllabus, leaving no stone unturned in your preparation journey.</li><li>Enhanced Retention: Through regular revision and practice, you'll reinforce your understanding of key concepts, leading to improved retention and recall on exam day.</li><li>Increased Confidence: As you progress through the plan and see your knowledge and skills improve, you'll gain confidence in your ability to tackle the UPSC Prelims with ease.</li><li>Strategic Approach: Our plan takes a strategic approach to revision, focusing on high-impact topics and exam-taking strategies that are proven to yield positive results.</li></ul><h3>How to Get Started:</h3>Ready to kickstart your UPSC Prelims 2024 preparation with our 70-day revision plan? Here's how to get started:<ul><li>Download the Plan: Visit our website to download the detailed 70-day revision plan for UPSC Prelims 2024.</li><li>Stay Consistent: Commit to following the plan diligently, sticking to the daily targets and practice sessions outlined in the schedule.</li><li>Track Your Progress: Keep track of your progress and performance throughout the 70 days, making note of areas where you excel and areas that require further attention.</li><li>Stay Motivated: Remember that consistency is key! Stay motivated and focused on your goal of acing the UPSC Prelims, knowing that your hard work will pay off in the end.</li></ul>With just 70 days left until the UPSC Prelims 2024, now is the time to ramp up your preparation and make every day count. Our 70-day revision plan offers a structured and strategic approach to revision, helping you maximize your study time and achieve success on exam day. So don't wait any longer – download the plan today and embark on your journey towards UPSC success! &nbsp;

70 Days Revision Plan for Prelims 2024

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The National Investigation Agency (NIA) of India, a pivotal institution in the country’s defence against terrorism, has welcomed a new leader at its helm. Sadanand Vasant Date, an Indian Police Service (IPS) officer of the Maharashtra cadre, has been appointed as the Director-General (DG) of the NIA. This significant appointment comes at a time when the agency continues to evolve in response to the complex challenges of modern-day terrorism.<h2>About Sadanand Vasant Date</h2>Sadanand Vasant Date brings to the position a wealth of experience and a commendable track record from his service in the IPS. His expertise and leadership are expected to steer the NIA towards new heights of efficacy and strategic acumen.Sadanand Vasant Date, has had a distinguished career marked by significant achievements. Let’s delve into his remarkable journey:<ol><li>Early Life and Struggles:<ul><li>Born on December 14, 1966, in Pune, Maharashtra, Date faced adversity early in life. His father passed away when he was just 15 years old.</li><li>To finance his education, Date worked as a newspaper delivery boy for nearly a decade during his youth.</li></ul></li><li>Education and Professional Journey:<ul><li>Date completed his B.Com and M.Com and became a Cost Accountant (ICAI).</li><li>Despite his academic achievements, he was drawn to public service and appeared for the UPSC exams, successfully becoming an IPS officer in 1999.</li><li>During his tenure with the Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI), Date was sent on a Humphrey Fellowship to the University of Minnesota. There, he studied white-collar and organized crimes in the US.</li><li>Armed with this expertise, he returned to India and served as the Additional Commissioner of Police (Economic Offences Wing).</li><li>He later headed the elite Force One in Maharashtra, modeled after the National Security Guards.</li><li>Date also served as the first Commissioner of Police for the newly created Mira Bhayander-Vasai Virar Commissionerate (MBVV).</li></ul></li><li>Heroic Role During 26/11 Mumbai Attacks:<ul><li>In the dastardly terror strikes that unfolded in Mumbai over 60 hours from the night of November 26-29, 2008, Date played a crucial role.</li><li>Armed with Mumbai Police’s weapons, he chased down the 10 Pakistan terrorists, including Ajmal Kasab (nabbed alive) and his equally dangerous associate Abu Ismail Khan.</li><li>Date courageously confronted the terrorists near the Cama &amp; Albless Hospital, where hundreds of women, children, doctors, and nurses were waiting for help.</li></ul></li><li>President’s Police Medal:<ul><li>His bravery and quick thinking during the 26/11 attacks earned him the prestigious President’s Police Medal.</li></ul></li><li>Current Role:<ul><li>Date currently serves as the Director General of the National Investigation Agency (NIA), a position he assumed in 2024.</li><li>Prior to this, he was the DG of Maharashtra’s Anti-Terrorism Squad (ATS).</li></ul></li></ol><h2>What is NIA?</h2>Established in the aftermath of the 2008 Mumbai terror attacks, the <a href="https://vajiramandravi.com/upsc-daily-current-affairs/prelims-pointers/nia/">NIA</a> was created by the National Investigation Agency Act 2008. It operates as the central counter-terrorism law enforcement agency in India, functioning under the aegis of the Union Ministry of Home Affairs. The agency’s inception marked a significant shift in India’s approach to investigating and combating terrorism, with a mandate that spans across state boundaries.<h2>The NIA’s Reach</h2>With its headquarters in Delhi, the NIA’s presence extends across the nation through its branches in key cities including Hyderabad, Guwahati, Kochi, Lucknow, Mumbai, Kolkata, Raipur, Jammu, Chandigarh, Ranchi, Chennai, and Imphal. These offices play a crucial role in maintaining a unified and coordinated effort in the fight against terrorism.<h2>A Tenure of Responsibility</h2>The Appointments Committee of the Cabinet (ACC) has entrusted Sadanand Vasant Date with the responsibility of leading the NIA as its DG until his superannuation on December 31, 2026. His tenure is expected to be marked by significant developments and advancements in India’s counter-terrorism capabilities.The nation watches with anticipation as Sadanand Vasant Date takes on this critical role, ready to confront the challenges ahead with determination and integrity. His leadership is poised to contribute significantly to the NIA’s mission of safeguarding India’s national security and upholding the rule of law against the scourge of terrorism.

 Sadanand Vasant Date: New Director-General of NIA

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Project Elephant was launched by the Government of India's Ministry of Environment and Forests in February 1992. It's a scheme aimed at supporting states in managing their wild Asian elephant populations through financial and technical assistance.Recent News:<ul><li>The government has notified the <a href="https://vajiramandravi.com/upsc-daily-current-affairs/prelims-pointers/captive-elephant-rules-2024/">Captive Elephant (Transfer or Transport) Rules, 2024</a>, easing conditions for elephant transfers.</li><li>Captive elephants are under strict regulations, considering their historical roles and significance.</li><li>Translocation of captive elephants is permitted for special purposes like education and scientific research, subject to wildlife protection regulations.</li></ul><h2>Asian Elephants</h2>India boasts the largest and most stable population of Asian elephants, with over 60% of all wild Asian elephants calling it home. The most recent elephant census conducted in 2017 recorded a total of 29,964 elephants.Additionally, India houses 31 elephant reserves, including recent additions like the Dandeli Elephant Reserve in Karnataka, the Singphan Elephant Reserve in Nagaland, and the Lemru Elephant Reserve in Chhattisgarh. This expansion has led to approximately 76,508 square kilometres of elephant reserves spread across 14 states in India.According to the 2017 Elephant Census, Karnataka holds the highest number of elephants, with 6,049 individuals, followed by Assam with 5,719, and Kerala with 3,054.<h2>Species of Asian Elephants</h2>Asian elephants are categorised into three subspecies: the Indian, Sumatran, and Sri Lankan.<ul><li>As the largest terrestrial mammal in Asia, Asian elephants inhabit grasslands and forests across 13 countries in South and Southeast Asia, adapting to various environments from dry to wet.</li><li>Compared to African savannah elephants, Asian elephant herds are notably smaller in size.</li><li>Within elephant herds, the largest and oldest female, known as the matriarch, assumes leadership and decision-making responsibilities.</li><li>Asian elephants have the longest known gestational period among mammals, lasting up to 680 days (22 months).</li><li>Female elephants typically give birth to calves every four years between the ages of 14 and 45. This interval increases to five years by age 52 and six years by age 60.</li><li>Throughout Asia, elephants hold significant cultural importance and have a long history of close association with humans, evolving into symbolic figures in various cultures.</li></ul><h3>Protection Status of Asian Elephants</h3><ul><li>IUCN Red List: Endangered.</li><li>Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972: Schedule I.</li><li>CITES: Appendix I</li></ul><h2>Objectives of Project Elephant Simplified</h2><ul><li>Conservation Planning: Create and promote smart plans to protect elephants using science.</li><li>Combat Illegal Trade: Stop the illegal buying and selling of elephant tusks and shield elephants from hunters and poachers.</li><li>Prevent Deaths: Develop ways to stop unnatural causes of elephant deaths in India.</li><li>Restore Habitats: Bring back the natural homes of elephants and the paths they travel.</li><li>Reduce Conflict: Lower fights between people and elephants in areas where they both live.</li><li>Limit Human Activities: Cut down on people and their animals moving into places where elephants live.</li><li>Support Research: Encourage studies on elephant protection and spread awareness about them.</li><li>Healthcare: Make sure domestic elephants get the right care to stay healthy and help them breed properly.</li><li>Community Development: Help communities living near elephants to grow in a way that's good for both people and elephants.</li></ul><h2>Threats to Elephants</h2>The threats to elephants in India are numerous and have significant impacts on their populations and habitats. Here are the primary threats:<ul><li>Habitat Loss and Fragmentation: The expansion of human settlements and economic development has led to a significant loss and fragmentation of elephant habitats. This not only reduces the space available for elephants but also disrupts their migratory patterns.</li><li>Human-Elephant Conflict: As habitats shrink, elephants often raid plantations and crop fields in search of food, leading to conflicts with humans. These conflicts can result in the death and injury of both humans and elephants.</li><li>Poaching: Elephants are targeted by poachers for their ivory, meat, and other body parts. Poaching has led to a skewed male-female ratio in many areas, especially since only male Asian elephants have tusks.</li><li>Other Challenges: Elephants also face accidental deaths due to train collisions, electrocutions, harm from crude bombs intended for other animals, and falls into pits or trenches.</li></ul>Efforts to mitigate these threats include habitat conservation, reducing human-elephant conflict, and stricter enforcement against poaching. Conservation organizations and the government are working together to ensure the survival of these majestic creatures.<h2>Measures Taken for Conservation</h2>The Indian government has implemented several measures for elephant conservation and protection, focusing on both the animals and their habitats:<ul><li>Project Elephant: Launched in 1992, this initiative aims to conserve elephant populations and their habitats, reduce human-elephant conflicts, and improve the welfare of captive elephants.</li><li>Habitat Restoration: Efforts are made to restore elephant habitats and corridors to ensure safe migration routes for elephants across different states.</li><li>Anti-Poaching Measures: Establishment of anti-poaching squads, increased patrolling, and rewards for information on poachers are some of the steps taken to combat illegal hunting.</li><li>Conflict Mitigation: The government promotes eco-development, public education, and awareness programs to mitigate human-elephant conflicts. Deployment of anti-depredation squads and scientific management of elephant populations are also part of these efforts.</li><li>Legal Protection: Elephants are protected under Schedule I of the Indian Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972, which prohibits their hunting and trading.</li><li>Ex-Gratia Payments: Compensation is provided to families affected by human-elephant conflicts, which helps in fostering coexistence.</li><li>Disease Prevention: Measures are taken for the detection and prevention of diseases in wild elephants to maintain their health and well-being.</li></ul>These measures reflect the government’s commitment to preserving the elephant population and ensuring their survival for future generations.Project Elephant remains crucial for safeguarding India's elephant population. With concerted efforts and regulatory measures, conservation initiatives aim to mitigate threats and ensure the well-being of these majestic animals.

Project Elephant - 30 Years of Project Elephant in India

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The Startup Mahakumbh 2024, an innovative initiative spearheaded by leading industry organizations including ASSOCHAM, Nasscom, Bootstrap Incubation &amp; Advisory Foundation, TiE, and Indian Venture and Alternate Capital Association, is poised to bring together more than 1,000 startups, 50 unicorns, 500 incubators, and 5,000 delegates from 23 nations. Supported by the Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade (DPIIT), this three-day event aims to promote innovation and collaboration across various sectors, with distinguished personalities such as Amitabh Kant, Sivasubramanian Ramann, and Falguni Nayar participating.<h2>Key Highlights of Startup Mahakumbh 2024:</h2><ul><li>Central Theme: 'Bharat Innovates'<ul><li>Focused on AI+SaaS, D2C/consumer brands, agritech, fintech, and more.</li><li>Introduction of a dedicated pavilion for B2B manufacturing, a first in India.</li></ul></li><li>Diverse Lineup of Industry Leaders<ul><li>Esteemed speakers include Amitabh Kant, Sivasubramanian Ramann, Falguni Nayar, Sridhar Vembu, Prashanth Prakash, and Sanjeev Bikachandani.&nbsp;</li></ul></li><li>Engaging Activities for Startups<ul><li>Mentorship clinics, pitch competitions, and multi-track conferences.</li><li>Leadership talks, panel discussions, workshops, and other interactive sessions.</li></ul></li><li>Future Entrepreneurs Day<ul><li>Focus on nurturing entrepreneurial spirit among students.&nbsp;</li><li>Engagement of 3,000 selected students for mentorship and collaboration opportunities.</li><li>Investor Insights and Learning Opportunities</li></ul></li><li>Masterclasses on pitching and storytelling.&nbsp;<ul><li>Interactions with angel investors to understand their expectations.</li><li>Introduction of a structured 30-hour online entrepreneurship learning program leading to certification.</li></ul></li></ul> Startup Mahakumbh is not just an event; it’s a revolution that brings together thousands of entrepreneurs, investors, incubators, accelerators, and industry experts from various sectors. It’s a platform where the brightest minds converge to share knowledge, explore partnerships, and showcase groundbreaking products and services.

Startup Mahakumbh 2024

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The recent resignation of Telangana Governor Tamilisai Soundararajan has sparked a debate on the constitutional position of a governor with respect to political affiliations. The governor’s role is to act as a bridge between the central government and the state, maintaining an apolitical stance to ensure unbiased governance. However, the move to join active politics post-resignation raises questions about the constitutional provisions, rules, and procedures that govern such a transition.<h2>Constitutional Provisions and Political Neutrality</h2>The Constitution of India does not explicitly prohibit a governor from having a political background. In fact, governors are often former politicians or individuals with political affiliations. However, once appointed, they are expected to sever all political ties and act impartially. The role of the governor, as outlined in Articles 153 to 167 of the Indian Constitution, is largely ceremonial, with real executive power resting with the elected state government.<figure class="table"><table style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);border:1px dashed rgb(187, 187, 187);"><tbody><tr><td style="border:1px dashed rgb(187, 187, 187);"><ul><li>Article 153: A Governor is appointed for each state of India.</li><li>Article 154: The executive power of the state is vested in the Governor.</li><li>Article 155: The Governor is appointed by the <a href="https://vajiramandravi.com/quest-upsc-notes/president-of-india/">President of India</a>.</li><li>Article 156: The Governor holds office for a term of five years but can be removed earlier by the President.</li><li>Article 157: A Governor must be a citizen of India and at least 35 years old.</li><li>Article 158: The Governor cannot be a member of the legislature or hold any other <a href="https://vajiramandravi.com/quest-upsc-notes/office-of-profit/">office of profit</a>.</li><li>Article 159: The Governor takes an oath to preserve, protect and defend the Constitution and the law.</li><li>Article 160: The President can make provisions for the discharge of the Governor’s functions in certain contingencies.</li><li>Article 161: The Governor has the power to grant pardons, reprieves, respites, or remissions of punishment.</li><li>Article 162: The extent of executive power of the state extends to matters with respect to which the legislature of the state has power to make laws.</li><li>Article 163: The Governor has the aid and advice of the Council of Ministers, headed by the Chief Minister, for exercising their functions.</li><li>Article 164: The Chief Minister and other ministers are appointed by the Governor and are collectively responsible to the Legislative Assembly of the state.</li><li>Article 165: The Advocate General for the state provides legal advice to the government of the state.</li><li>Article 166: All executive actions of the government of a state are formally taken in the name of the Governor.</li><li>Article 167: The Chief Minister is responsible for communicating all decisions of the Council of Ministers to the Governor and furnishing information as the Governor may call for.</li></ul></td></tr></tbody></table></figure><h2>The Governor’s Resignation: Rules and Procedures</h2>A governor can resign at any time by submitting a resignation letter to the President of India. The President, acting on the advice of the central government, has the discretion to accept the resignation. There is no specified procedure for a governor to transition from their gubernatorial role to active politics, but the act of resignation itself is indicative of the intent to relinquish the constitutional position and its associated responsibilities.<h2>The Case of Tamilisai Soundararajan</h2>Soundararajan’s resignation and her likely candidature in the upcoming <a href="https://vajiramandravi.com/upsc-daily-current-affairs/mains-articles/lok-sabha-election-2024/">Lok Sabha elections</a> as a BJP candidate highlight the fluidity between constitutional roles and political ambitions. While there is no constitutional barrier to prevent a governor from joining a political party after stepping down, the timing and circumstances of such a move can lead to public scrutiny and discussions about the propriety and ethics of the decision.The governorship is a position of trust and neutrality, and while the Constitution does not prevent governors from returning to politics, it is imperative that they uphold the dignity and impartiality of the office during their tenure. The transition from a governor to a political candidate should be managed in a manner that preserves public faith in the apolitical nature of the governor’s office and the democratic process at large.

Tamilisai Soundarajan: Can a Governor Join a Political Party?

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The recent decision by President Droupadi Murmu to withhold assent to certain Bills passed by the Kerala Legislature has sparked a significant constitutional debate. This move by the Kerala government to challenge the President’s decision before the Supreme Court is unprecedented and opens up a Pandora’s box regarding the scope of judicial review of the President’s veto powers.<h3>The Power to Withhold</h3>The President of India, as the constitutional head, holds the power to grant or withhold assent to Bills passed by the state legislatures. This power is not absolute and is exercised under specific circumstances. The Kerala University Laws (Amendment No. 2) Bill 2022, University Law Amendment Bill, 2022, and the University Law Amendment Bill, 2021, are recent examples where the President exercised this veto power.<h3>The Grounds for Withholding Assent</h3>The President’s decision to withhold assent is typically influenced by several factors, including the possibility of the Bill being unconstitutional, infringing upon the powers of the Centre, or being against the public interest. However, in this case, the Kerala government argues that the subject matters of the Bills were confined to the State List of the Constitution, which is within the state’s legislative powers, and were not in conflict with any Central legislation.<h3>The Role of the Governor</h3>The role of the Governor has also come under scrutiny. The State contends that the Governor should not have referred the Bills to the President, as they did not fall into the categories requiring prior Presidential assent. This raises questions about the discretionary powers of the Governor and whether they were exercised appropriately in this context.<h3>The Path to the Supreme Court</h3>On March 22, the issue will be brought before the Supreme Court, which will consider the writ petition filed by Kerala. The State seeks a directive for the Governor to act on the Bills and argues for the judicial review of the President’s decisions.<h3>Implications for the Future</h3>The outcome of this legal challenge could have far-reaching implications for the federal structure of India. It could redefine the boundaries of the veto powers of the President and the role of the Governor in referring Bills for Presidential assent. Moreover, it could set a precedent for the judicial review of the President’s decisions, potentially altering the dynamics between the State and the Centre.As the nation awaits the Supreme Court’s verdict, the debate on the veto powers of the President of India continues to stir the waters of constitutional law and governance.

Veto Powers of President of India

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The recent resignation of Justice Abhijit Gangopadhyay from the Calcutta High Court to join a political party has ignited a discourse on the appropriateness of judges transitioning directly into political roles. His announcement of becoming a "party soldier" has raised concerns about the impartiality and independence expected of a judge, even after retirement. This blog explores the reasons behind prohibiting judges from joining politics in India, highlighting the imperative of maintaining a clear separation of powers.The Cooling-Off Debate: Former Union Minister Arun Jaitley's proposal for a "cooling-off" period before judges enter politics stems from the fear that pre-retirement judgments could be influenced by future political aspirations. While Justice Gangopadhyay dismisses this notion, the ongoing debate questions whether such a rule should be institutionalized.The Rule of Law and Separation of Powers: The rule of law, the bedrock of a just society, demands that everyone, regardless of position, be subject to the law. Judges, as custodians of this principle, are entrusted with interpreting and upholding the law impartially. Allowing judges to transition into politics risks blurring the lines between interpreting and creating the law, jeopardizing the essence of the rule of law. Moreover, the separation of powers, a cornerstone of democracy, is jeopardized when judges enter politics, potentially compromising the judiciary's impartiality.The Constitutional Perspective: While the Constituent Assembly did not endorse a legal bar on judges assuming executive roles post-retirement, recent events prompt a re-evaluation to safeguard the judiciary's image and integrity.Maintaining Judicial Neutrality: Judges are expected to remain neutral in decision-making, free from political affiliations that could compromise their ability to interpret laws objectively. Political engagements may erode public trust in the judiciary, calling into question the fairness of judgments based on judges' political backgrounds.The Oath and the Bangalore Principles: Judges swear to perform their duties without fear or favor, and the Bangalore Principles of Judicial Conduct stress independence, impartiality, and integrity. Engaging in political activities can undermine public confidence in the judiciary.Preserving Judicial Dignity - The Way Forward: The judiciary's reputation relies on its members upholding the highest standards. Maintaining a strict separation between judicial duties and political involvement is crucial. Measures such as legislation or ethical guidelines can prevent judges from entering politics, ensuring accountability and transparency.&nbsp;Judges' direct foray into politics after serving as a judge underscores the delicate balance between judicial independence and the need for safeguards against conflicts of interest. It emphasizes the necessity of a robust framework to prevent judges from leveraging their positions for political gains, preserving the sanctity of the judiciary and the rule of law. While the idea of judges entering politics may seem to enrich the political landscape, the potential risks to democratic principles necessitate prioritizing the rule of law, separation of powers, and the dignity of the judiciary over individual freedoms. Prohibiting judges from joining politics in India is a critical step in safeguarding the integrity and effectiveness of the judiciary, ensuring its role as the bedrock of justice in the nation.&nbsp; &nbsp;

Can a Judge Join Politics in India?

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India’s robust democracy is once again at the forefront with the recent appointment of new Election Commissioners. The Election Commission of India (ECI), a constitutional authority responsible for administering electoral processes, has welcomed Shri Gyanesh Kumar and Dr. Sukhbir Singh Sandhu to its esteemed panel. Their appointments come at a crucial time as the nation prepares for upcoming elections, ensuring the ECI remains fully equipped to oversee the democratic process.<h3>Constitutional Framework for Appointment</h3>The appointment of Election Commissioners is governed by Article 324 of the Indian Constitution, which vests the power of superintendence, direction, and control of elections in the ECI. The Chief Election Commissioner (CEC) and Election Commissioners (ECs) are appointed by the President of India. Historically, this process has been under the exclusive purview of the executive, but recent developments have sought to make the process more inclusive and transparent.<h3>The Appointment Process</h3>The Chief Election Commissioner and Other Election Commissioners (Appointment, Conditions of Service and Term of Office) Bill, 2023, outlines the current procedure for appointments.&nbsp;<ul><li>The President appoints the CEC and ECs based on the recommendations of a Selection Committee, which includes the Prime Minister, a Union Cabinet Minister, and the Leader of the Opposition or leader of the largest opposition party in the Lok Sabha.&nbsp;</li><li>A Search Committee, headed by the Law Minister, proposes a panel of names to the Selection Committee, ensuring a thorough and rigorous selection process.</li></ul><h3>Qualifications for Appointment</h3>While there are no specific qualifications prescribed by the Constitution for the appointment of Election Commissioners, conventionally, senior civil servants of the rank of Cabinet Secretary or equivalent are appointed to these positions. This practice ensures that individuals with significant administrative experience and a deep understanding of the electoral process are at the helm of the ECI.&nbsp;Eligibility and Salary:<ul><li>Eligibility for these posts includes holding (or having held) a position equivalent to the Secretary to the central government.</li><li>The salary and conditions of service for the CEC and ECs will be equivalent to that of the Cabinet Secretary. Previously, it was equivalent to the salary of a Supreme Court Judge.</li></ul><h3>Roles and Functions</h3>The role of the Election Commissioner is pivotal in upholding the sanctity of elections.The main functions of the Election Commissioner in India are:<ul><li>To supervise, direct, control and conduct all elections to Parliament and State Legislatures as also to the office of the President and Vice- President of India.</li><li>To set down general rules for election.</li><li>To determine constituencies and to prepare electoral rolls.</li><li>To give credit to political parties.</li><li>To grant recognition to political parties.</li><li>To allot symbols to the recognised political parties and candidates of election.</li><li>To fix dates for the election.</li><li>To appoint a polling officer for the constituency.</li><li>And ensures the adherence to the Model Code of Conduct, among other responsibilities.&nbsp;</li></ul>The addition of Shri Gyanesh Kumar and Dr. Sukhbir Singh Sandhu to the ECI is a testament to India’s commitment to a free and fair electoral process. Their expertise and experience are expected to contribute significantly to the Commission’s critical role in strengthening India’s democratic fabric. As the nation watches, the ECI continues to navigate the complexities of electoral management with integrity and dedication.&nbsp;

Appointment of Election Commissioner

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Every year on March 15th, we celebrate World Consumer Rights Day, a day dedicated to raising global awareness about consumer rights and needs. This day serves as a reminder of the power of the consumer and the importance of being informed, respected, and protected in the marketplace.<h2>Why Do We Celebrate World Consumer Rights Day?</h2>The origins of World Consumer Rights Day date back to President John F. Kennedy’s historic address to the US Congress on March 15, 1962. He was the first world leader to formally address consumer rights, outlining four fundamental rights: the right to safety, the right to be informed, the right to choose, and the right to be heard1. Since then, March 15th has been a day for consumers worldwide to unite and advocate for fair treatment and against market abuses.<h3>The Theme for 2024: Fair and Responsible AI for Consumers</h3>This year, the theme is “Fair and Responsible AI for Consumers.” As artificial intelligence becomes increasingly integrated into our daily lives, it’s crucial that AI systems are developed and used ethically, with respect for consumer rights at the forefront. This theme emphasizes the need for AI to be transparent, accountable, and inclusive, ensuring that consumer protection keeps pace with technological advancements.<h3>Significance of World Consumer Rights Day</h3>World Consumer Rights Day is not just a day of celebration but also a call to action. It’s a day to:<ul><li>Educate: Inform consumers about their rights and how to exercise them.</li><li>Advocate: Push for policies and regulations that protect consumers, especially in the digital age.</li><li>Unite: Bring together the global community to share knowledge and strategies for consumer empowerment.</li></ul><h2>Initiatives Taken up by India towards Consumer Rights Protection</h2>India has taken several initiatives to protect consumer rights, ensuring that individuals are safeguarded against unfair business practices and have access to effective redressal mechanisms. Here are some key initiatives:<ul><li>Consumer Protection Act, 2019: This act replaced the earlier 1986 act and introduced significant changes to enhance consumer protection, including the establishment of the Central Consumer Protection Authority (CCPA) to regulate matters relating to consumer rights and practices.</li><li>State Consumer Protection Councils: These councils work in coordination with the CCPA to promote and protect consumer rights at the state level.</li><li>Mediation as an Alternative Dispute Resolution: The 2019 act introduced mediation as an alternative to litigation, providing a quicker and less formal means of resolving consumer disputes.</li><li>RBI Initiatives: The Reserve Bank of India has launched several schemes like the Retail Direct Scheme and the Integrated Ombudsman Scheme to strengthen the grievance redress mechanism in the financial sector.</li><li>E-commerce Rules: To protect online consumers, the government has proposed e-commerce rules that aim to prevent unfair trade practices and ensure transparency.</li><li>Hallmarking: The government has made hallmarking mandatory for gold jewellery and artifacts, providing consumers with the right to quality and purity.</li></ul>These initiatives reflect India’s commitment to upholding consumer rights and adapting to new challenges in consumer protection, especially in the digital age.<h3>Moving Forward</h3>As we observe World Consumer Rights Day, let’s reflect on our role as consumers in shaping the market. By staying informed and demanding fairness, we contribute to a marketplace that respects our rights and values our voices. Let’s continue to advocate for a world where every consumer is treated with dignity and fairness, especially as we navigate the complex landscape of artificial intelligence.World Consumer Rights Day is a powerful reminder of the strides we’ve made in consumer protection and the journey ahead. As we embrace the theme of “Fair and Responsible AI for Consumers,” let’s commit to fostering an environment where technology serves the common good and consumer rights are upheld in every transaction. &nbsp;

World Consumer Rights Day

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International Women’s Day (IWD) is celebrated on March 8 every year, marking a global day of recognition and celebration of women’s achievements across social, economic, cultural, and political arenas. The day also serves as a call to action for accelerating gender parity. The theme for IWD 2024, “Invest in Women—Accelerate Progress,” underscores the critical role investment in women plays in driving progress in all areas of society.<h2>International Women’s Day 2024 Theme - Invest in Women- Accelerate Progress</h2>This year’s theme of International Women’s Day, “Invest in Women- Accelerate Progress,” strategically focuses on women’s inclusion in all spheres globally. This theme carries multifarious significance, promoting social justice, development, workforce participation, increased innovations, better decision-making, socio-economic equity, social change, and peaceful societies.<ul><li>Investing in Women’s Economic Empowerment: Economic empowerment of women is a cornerstone for achieving gender equality and driving economic growth. Investing in women’s education, providing equal opportunities for employment, and supporting women entrepreneurs are essential steps towards this goal. When women are economically empowered, they have more control over their lives and can contribute more significantly to their families and communities.</li><li>Inspiring Inclusion: The campaign theme for International Women’s Day 2024, “Inspire Inclusion,” complements the main theme by emphasizing the importance of creating an inclusive world where women from all walks of life are valued and can participate fully. Inclusion means embracing diversity in race, age, ability, faith, body image, and identity. It’s about ensuring that women’s voices are heard and their perspectives are considered in all areas of life.</li><li>The Role of Education: Education is a powerful tool for investing in women. It not only equips women with knowledge and skills but also boosts their confidence and ability to make informed decisions. Quality education for girls leads to higher wages, better job opportunities, and economic independence.</li><li>Healthcare as an Investment: Investing in women’s health is crucial for their well-being and the well-being of societies. Access to quality healthcare, including reproductive health services, enables women to lead healthier, more productive lives.</li><li>Leadership and Decision-Making: Encouraging women’s participation in leadership and decision-making roles is vital for reflecting a diverse range of views in policy-making. Women leaders bring different experiences and insights, which can lead to more effective and equitable governance.</li></ul>India has shown notable advancement, moving up from the 135th position in the 2022 <a href="https://vajiramandravi.com/upsc-daily-current-affairs/prelims-pointers/global-gender-gap-index/">WEF Gender Gap Report</a> to the 127th position in its 2023 edition, signifying an enhanced ranking.<h2>Key Facts About International Women’s Day</h2><ul><li>Date: March 8</li><li>Origin: Gained momentum after the Labour Movement in the early 20th century to raise voice for women’s rights.</li><li>Objective: To celebrate women’s achievements, raise awareness about gender equality, and highlight persisting challenges faced by women.</li><li>Theme: Each year, a different theme is chosen to address a specific aspect of gender equality.</li></ul><h2>History of International Women’s Day</h2>Originating in the early 1900s, the history of International Women’s Day unfolds as it transforms from a singular protest day into a century-long global movement advocating for gender equality.Initiation:<ul><li>1908: Women laborers' oppression and gender inequality led to around 15,000 women marching through New York City, demanding improved working conditions, better wages, and voting rights.</li><li>1909: The Socialist Party of America organized the first National Woman’s Day (NWD) in the United States on February 28, 1909. This continued annually until 1913.</li></ul>Evolution:<ul><li>1910: The Second International Conference of Working Women in Copenhagen proposed the idea of establishing an International Women’s Day, later celebrated for the first time on March 19, 1911.</li><li>1913: The Peace Campaign organized by Russian women led to officially declaring March 8 as International Women’s Day.</li></ul>Recognition and Expansion:<ul><li>1975: International Women’s Day was officially recognised by the UN.</li><li>1996: The UN adopted an official theme for IWD for the first time, continuing this tradition annually.</li><li>2015: The UN adopted the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), with SDG 5 specifically focusing on achieving women’s empowerment and gender equality.</li></ul>Present: International Women’s Day has become a prominent global platform to honor and celebrate the achievements of women worldwide.<h3>Objectives of International Women’s Day Celebrations</h3><ul><li>Celebrate the achievements of women worldwide.</li><li>Raise awareness about women’s rights and gender equality.</li><li>Accelerate concrete efforts toward achieving gender parity.</li><li>Inspire individuals, communities, and nations toward gender equality and women’s rights.</li><li>Foster a sense of solidarity and unity among women globally.</li></ul><h3>Colors of International Women’s Day</h3>As per its official website, Purple, Green, and White are the colors of IWD, representing Justice and Dignity, Hope, and Purity, respectively. Originally adopted by the Women’s Social and Political Union in the UK, these colors have become integral to IWD celebrations worldwide.<h2>Significance of International Women’s Day Celebrations</h2>In the era of movements like #MeToo and #TimesUp, celebrating this special day for women holds significance as:<ul><li>It honors women’s contributions and acknowledges their indispensable role in shaping the world.</li><li>It reflects and affirms the world’s ongoing journey toward women’s empowerment and gender equality.</li><li>It raises awareness against gender bias and works toward eliminating it.</li><li>Facilitates discussions and actions to address challenges hindering women’s progress globally.</li><li>Inspires women and girls worldwide to reach their full potential by showcasing success stories.</li><li>Fosters a feeling of worldwide unity among women from diverse cultures and backgrounds.</li></ul>As we observe International Women’s Day 2024, let us reflect on the progress made and the journey ahead. It is a day to inspire inclusion, celebrate achievements, and renew our commitment to ensuring that every woman and girl has the opportunity to reach her full potential, free from bias and barriers.The theme “Invest in Women—Accelerate Progress” for International Women’s Day 2024 is a powerful reminder that the world’s advancement is intrinsically linked to the progress of women. By investing in women, we are not only supporting half of the population but are also fostering a more just, inclusive, and prosperous world for everyone.Also Read:<ul><li><a href="https://vajiramandravi.com/quest-upsc-notes/women-organizations-in-india/">Women Organizations in India</a></li><li><a href="https://vajiramandravi.com/quest-upsc-notes/national-commission-for-women/">National Commission for Women</a></li><li><a href="https://vajiramandravi.com/quest-upsc-notes/role-of-women-in-indian-freedom-struggle/">Role of Women In Indian Freedom Struggle</a></li><li><a href="https://vajiramandravi.com/quest-upsc-notes/women-reservation-bill/">Women Reservation Bill</a></li></ul>

International Women's Day 2024

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In the pursuit of a sustainable future, ‘green jobs’ have emerged as a cornerstone for economic growth and environmental preservation. However, the burgeoning green economy is not immune to the pervasive issue of gender disparity. India moving towards cleaner, eco-friendly growth could create around 35 million jobs by 2047. These green jobs aim to be good for the environment and are found in different fields like making things, building, renewable energy, saving energy, and making greener cars. This is especially important because some of these areas usually didn't have as many jobs for women.<h2>Understanding Green Jobs</h2>The International Labour Organization defines green jobs as positions in agriculture, manufacturing, research and development, administrative, and service activities aimed at preserving or restoring environmental quality. These jobs help to protect ecosystems and biodiversity, reduce energy, materials, and water consumption through high-efficiency strategies, decarbonize the economy, and minimize or altogether avoid the generation of all forms of waste and pollution.<h2>The Gender Gap in Green Jobs</h2>Despite the promise of inclusivity, green jobs have mirrored the gender biases prevalent in traditional industries. For instance, while India’s renewable energy capacity increased by 250% from 2015 to 2021, women constituted only 11% of the workforce in the solar rooftop sector. The Annual Survey of Industries 2019-20 revealed that women are predominantly found in industries such as apparel, textiles, and food, whereas men dominate sectors like infrastructure, transport, construction, and manufacturing.<h3>Barriers to Women’s Participation</h3><ol><li>Restrictive Social Norms: Societal beliefs often pigeonhole women into certain roles, limiting their opportunities in technical and leadership positions within green jobs.</li><li>Safety Concerns: Women in the workforce may face safety issues, which can be a significant barrier to entering certain industries.</li><li>STEM Education: A lower representation of women in STEM fields translates to fewer women in green jobs, as these areas are critical for the sector.</li><li>Family Constraints: Traditional family roles and responsibilities can restrict women’s career choices and their ability to pursue skill development opportunities.</li><li>Lack of Gender-Specific Training: There is a need for training programs that address the specific needs and circumstances of women in the renewable energy sector.</li><li>Unequal Asset Ownership: Disparities in asset ownership can prevent women from accessing the capital needed to pursue green jobs or entrepreneurship opportunities.</li></ol><h3>Strategies to Bridge the Gap</h3><ol><li>Policy Initiatives: Implementing policies that promote the hiring, training, and retention of women in green sectors is crucial.</li><li>Education and Training: Offering scholarships, financial assistance, and mentorship programs can empower women to pursue and excel in green jobs.</li><li>Awareness Campaigns: Raising awareness about the importance of gender diversity in the green economy can help shift societal perceptions and encourage women’s participation.</li><li>Creating a Gender-Focused Skill Ecosystem: Developing a skill ecosystem with targeted gender-specific strategies can provide women with the necessary expertise to participate in the renewable energy sector.</li><li>Fostering Home-Based Livelihood Opportunities: Considering societal norms, home-based livelihood opportunities can be a stepping stone for women to engage in the green economy.</li><li>Addressing Data Gaps: Collecting sex-disaggregated data on green jobs can help understand the landscape of women’s work and inform targeted interventions.</li></ol><h3>The Way Forward</h3>The transition to a green economy offers a unique opportunity to not only address environmental challenges but also to rectify gender imbalances in the workforce. By fostering an inclusive environment, we can ensure that the benefits of green jobs are equitably distributed, leading to a more resilient and sustainable future for all.While green jobs represent a hopeful future, the gender disparity within them reflects broader societal issues that need to be addressed. With concerted efforts from various stakeholders, we can pave the way for a green economy that is diverse, inclusive, and just.

Green Jobs and the Problem of Gender Disparity

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India’s criminal justice system is on the brink of a significant transformation with the enactment of new criminal laws that are set to replace the longstanding Indian Penal Code (IPC), the Code of Criminal Procedure (CrPC), and the Indian Evidence Act. This change is not abrupt but the culmination of a legal evolution that has spanned centuries, reflecting the nation’s dynamic governance, societal shifts, and legal philosophies.&nbsp;<h2>The Evolution of Criminal Laws in India</h2><h4>Ancient Foundations</h4>In ancient India, the Dharma Shastras and Arthashastra laid the groundwork for justice and morality, prescribing punishments and administrative justice principles that would influence the subcontinent’s legal landscape for millennia.<h4>Medieval Synthesis</h4>The medieval period saw the integration of Islamic legal principles from the Sharia with the existing Hindu laws, creating a unique legal system that catered to a diverse population.<h4>Colonial Codification</h4>The British era introduced the Regulating Act of 1773, which established a structured legal system under English law. The IPC (1860) and CrPC (1898) were monumental in codifying criminal laws, setting a precedent for legal procedures that would last well into the modern era.<h4>Post-Independence Reforms</h4>Post-independence, the Constitution of India (1950) fortified fundamental rights and principles of criminal justice. Subsequent amendments and new legislations like the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Act (1985) and the Prevention of Corruption Act (1988) addressed contemporary societal challenges.<h4>Modern Amendments</h4>Recent reforms, such as the Criminal Law (Amendment) Act, 2013, and the Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Act, 2015, have further refined the legal system, responding to societal demands for justice in cases of sexual offenses and juvenile crimes.<h2>The New Era of Criminal Laws</h2><h4>The Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita</h4>This comprehensive act is set to replace the IPC, introducing renumbered sections and updated definitions to align with modern legal requirements.<h4>The Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita</h4>As the successor to the CrPC, this act expands the authority of magistrates and streamlines procedures to enhance the efficiency of law enforcement and judicial processes.<h4>The Bharatiya Sakshya Act</h4>Replacing the Indian Evidence Act, this legislation modernizes the rules of evidence, accommodating technological advancements and contemporary investigative methods.The enactment of these new laws marks a pivotal moment in India’s legal history, promising a more equitable and just legal order. As the nation prepares for this transition, the legal community and the public anticipate a criminal justice system that upholds the dignity of the individual and the rule of law.This blog provides a glimpse into the rich tapestry of India’s legal history and the significant strides taken towards a progressive criminal justice system. The new laws are not just a change in text but a reflection of India’s evolving legal consciousness, striving to meet the needs of its people in the 21st century.&nbsp; &nbsp;

Evolution of Criminal Laws in India

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In a landmark judgment, the Supreme Court of India has declared the electoral bonds scheme as unconstitutional and violative of the right to information under Article 19(1)(a) of the Constitution. The court has also struck down the amendments made to the Companies Act, the Income Tax Act, and the Representation of Peoples Act that enabled the scheme. The court has directed the State Bank of India (SBI) to furnish the details of electoral bonds encashed by the political parties to the Election Commission of India (ECI) by March 31, 2024. The ECI will publish such details on its website for public scrutiny.<h2>What are Electoral Bonds?</h2>Electoral bonds are a form of anonymous donations to political parties that were introduced by the Finance Bill 2017 and notified on January 29, 2018. The scheme allows any individual or entity to purchase electoral bonds from SBI in denominations of Rs 1,000, Rs 10,000, Rs 1 lakh, Rs 10 lakh, and Rs 1 crore and donate them to any registered political party. The name of the donor is kept confidential and the bonds are valid for 15 calendar days from the date of issue. The political parties have to create a specific account which is verified by the ECI to receive the electoral bonds. Only those parties that secured not less than 1% of votes polled in the last general election to the House of the People or the Legislative Assembly of the State are eligible to receive electoral bonds.<h2>Why are Electoral Bonds Unconstitutional?</h2>The court has held that the scheme is unconstitutional because:<ul><li>It violates the right to information: The scheme hides the source of funding of political parties from the public, which is a fundamental right under Article 19(1)(a). The scheme also enables black money, foreign funding, and corporate influence in politics, which harm the public interest and the sovereignty of the nation.</li><li>It violates the principle of equality: The scheme discriminates between different political parties based on their vote share, giving an unfair advantage to the ruling party and the major opposition parties, while excluding the smaller and regional parties. The scheme also creates a disparity between the donors and the voters, as the former can sway the policies and decisions of the political parties, while the latter are kept in the dark.</li><li>It violates the constitutional scheme of electoral reforms: The scheme goes against the constitutional aim of curbing corruption and criminalization of politics. The scheme is also contrary to the recommendations of various committees and commissions that have called for more transparency and disclosure in political funding. The scheme is also in conflict with the Representation of Peoples Act, 1951, that requires the political parties to disclose their contributions and expenditure.</li></ul><h2>What are the Implications of the Judgment?</h2>The judgment has significant implications for the future of electoral politics and democracy in India. Some of the possible implications are:<ul><li>It will enhance the transparency and accountability of political funding: The judgment will ensure that the public will have access to the information about the source and amount of funding received by the political parties through electoral bonds. This will enable the public to scrutinize and hold the political parties accountable for their performance and conduct.</li><li>It will reduce the influence of money and corporate power in politics: The judgment will curb the influence of money and corporate power in politics, as the donors will no longer be able to hide their identity and agenda behind the veil of anonymity. This will prevent the political parties from being influenced by the vested interests of the donors and ensure that they serve the public interest and the common good.</li><li>It will level the playing field for all political parties: The judgment will level the playing field for all political parties, as they will no longer be discriminated against based on their vote share or popularity. This will enable the smaller and regional parties to compete with the ruling party and the major opposition parties on an equal footing and offer a genuine choice to the voters.</li></ul>The Supreme Court's judgment on electoral bonds is a historic and landmark verdict that upholds the constitutional rights and values of the citizens and the democracy. The judgment strikes down the electoral bonds scheme as unconstitutional and violative of the right to information, the principle of equality, and the constitutional scheme of electoral reforms. The judgment also directs the SBI to furnish the details of electoral bonds encashed by the political parties to the ECI, which will publish them on its website by March 31, 2024. This decision will enhance the transparency and accountability of political funding, reduce the influence of money and corporate power in politics, and level the playing field for all political parties.&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;

Electoral Bonds: Supreme Court's Verdict

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The Bharat Ratna Award is the highest civilian honour of India, conferred for exceptional service or performance of the highest order in any field of human endeavour. The award was instituted in 1954 and consists of a certificate, a peepal leaf-shaped medallion, and no monetary grant. The recipients of the award rank seventh in the Indian order of precedence.Government of India has announced that the following five eminent personalities will be posthumously awarded the Bharat Ratna in 2024:<h2>Karpoori Thakur:</h2><figure class="image image-style-side"><img src="https://vajiram-prod.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/th_e8cd94aac4.webp" alt="th.webp"></figure><ul><li>He was a socialist leader and a two-time Chief Minister of Bihar.&nbsp;</li><li>Widely regarded as the ‘Jan Nayak’ (people’s hero) and a champion of the backward classes.&nbsp;</li><li>Implemented the first reservation policy for the most backward castes in Bihar in 1978. Enforced total prohibition of alcohol and established many educational institutions in the state.&nbsp;</li><li>He was awarded the Bharat Ratna for his outstanding contributions to social justice and empowerment.</li></ul><h2>Lal Krishna Advani:</h2><figure class="image image-style-side"><img src="https://vajiram-prod.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/th_2_73a38030b9.webp" alt="th-2.webp"></figure><ul><li>He was a veteran leader of the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) and served as the Deputy Prime Minister and Home Minister of India.</li><li>Initiated several reforms in the fields of security, defence, and media.&nbsp;</li><li>He was awarded the Bharat Ratna for his monumental contributions to the development of India and his distinguished service in various capacities.</li></ul><h2>P.V. Narasimha Rao:</h2><figure class="image image-style-side"><img src="https://vajiram-prod.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/th_3_5835170bdf.webp" alt="th-3.webp"></figure><ul><li>He was the ninth <a href="https://vajiramandravi.com/quest-upsc-notes/prime-minister/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Prime Minister of India</a> and the first from South India.</li><li>Widely hailed as the Father of economic reforms in India, as he initiated the liberalisation and globalisation of the Indian economy in 1991.&nbsp;</li><li>Steered the country through several challenges, such as the balance of payments crisis, the Babri Masjid demolition, and the insurgency in Kashmir.&nbsp;</li><li>He was also a scholar, polyglot, and author of several books.&nbsp;</li><li>He was awarded the Bharat Ratna for his visionary leadership and his multifaceted legacy as a leader who transformed India.</li></ul><h2>Chaudhary Charan Singh:</h2><figure class="image image-style-side"><img src="https://vajiram-prod.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/th_4_d4d89cce49.webp" alt="th-4.webp"></figure><ul><li>He was the fifth Prime Minister of India and a prominent leader of the farmers.&nbsp;</li><li>A staunch advocate of farmers’ rights and rural development.&nbsp;</li><li>Introduced several policies and schemes for the welfare of the peasantry and the poor.</li><li>Resisted the Emergency and upheld the values of democracy.</li><li>He was awarded the Bharat Ratna for his incomparable contribution to the country and his unwavering dedication to the welfare of farmers.</li></ul><h2>M.S. Swaminathan:</h2><figure class="image image-style-side"><img src="https://vajiram-prod.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/th_5_b5bdb65b0a.webp" alt="th-5.webp"></figure><ul><li>He was a renowned agricultural scientist and the chief architect of the Green Revolution in India.</li><li>He introduced high-yielding varieties of wheat and rice, which increased the food production and saved millions from famine.&nbsp;</li><li>Made significant contributions to the fields of biodiversity, biotechnology, and environmental conservation.</li><li>Founded the <a href="https://vajiramandravi.com/quest-upsc-notes/ms-swaminathan/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">M.S. Swaminathan</a> Research Foundation, which works for sustainable agriculture and rural development.</li><li>He was awarded the Bharat Ratna for his pivotal role in ensuring India’s food security and prosperity and his invaluable work as an innovator and mentor.</li></ul>

Bharat Ratna Awards 2024

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<h1>A day in the Life of a UPSC Aspirant</h1>When you first hear the word UPSC Civil Services Examination, the only two words that will come in your mind are- challenging and competitive. The UPSC Civil Services Examination is one of the most prestigious and challenging competitive exams in India and every year, thousands of aspirants from across the country embark on a journey to fulfil their dream of becoming civil servants. So when I decided to appear for this exam, I knew this was going to become a life changing decision in my life. I was told that a UPSC aspirant's daily routines are marked by dedication, perseverance, and an unyielding commitment to their goal and my UPSC Preparation journey began with registering myself on the Vajiram &amp; Ravi portal in the General Studies PCM Comprehensive Programme. Here is a insight into what my day in my life looked like as an UPSC aspirant during this time:<h3>Beginning the Day Early</h3>My day starts with waking up at 5: 30 AM everyday, often before the rest of the world has even stirred. Many people believe that studying at night is the most effective time to learn. However, I disagree. Humans are diurnal creatures, meaning that our bodies and minds are naturally most alert and active during the day and most tired and in need of rest at night. We cannot and should not try to change our biological clocks.I have personally found that changing my morning routine to wake up and sleep late made me feel more sluggish and less able to recall information. On the other hand, waking up early and sleeping early helped me to think more clearly and analytically. But it's completely your call!Coming back to my routine, since I am living very near the institute in ORN I would wake up, have a black coffee and go for a brisk walk just behind my building.&nbsp;<h3>Begin with the Foundation</h3>So as I mentioned before, I joined the Vajiram &amp; Ravi institute for my General Studies Syllabus classes as well as for my Optional Subject. My classes begin at 7:30 AM. It's a long 2.5 hour class, held everyday (even on Sunday’s). I would usually reach the institute around 7 am or 7:15 am and have tea with my friends just in front of the institute while we discuss the topics that were taught on the previous day in class. The teachers here have an amazing teaching technique. They deliver their lessons in a way that makes the time fly by. Even though a class is 2.5 hours long, it doesn't feel like it. At the end of class, you feel like you could sit there and listen for another 2 hours.They start by explaining each concept with a technical example. Then, they move on to simpler examples until everyone understands. They make sure that every student has the opportunity to learn, regardless of where they sit in the classroom.By the end of class, you will have learned something new. This knowledge is what I think will help me stand out from the crowd in the future. Now, the only thing I need to do after class is to study hard and stay motivated.&nbsp;<h3>Moving onto the Optional</h3>Next, I have my Optional class. My Optional subject is PSIR. But since I have joined it at the same institute, it is easier for me to manage both one after the other. This helps me save the time and effort of going to a different institute. Coming to my Optional classes, they are as amazing as the General Studies lectures. PSIR Classes by Iqbal Sir, Sushant Verma Sir are all about gaining in-depth knowledge with the help of multiple examples.They have made the subject understanding effortlessly easy. The classes are not only about completing the syllabus but the teachers also give us tips on how to approach the paper, discuss the previous year PSIR questions asked in the exam and help us develop the art of answer writing. If you are a UPSC aspirant reading this blog, you will understand how when we choose our optional subject it always comes with a lot of opinions and suggestions such as which optional subject is the best etc. My opinion to you will be to choose the Optional Subject which interests you and not any one that someone else suggests to you. Invest in the right coaching and you will be good to go.&nbsp;<h3>Relax and Rejuvenate</h3>With almost half the day over, I come back home, have my lunch, call my family back home and take a power nap. This helps me relax and re-energise myself for my self study session for the rest of the day.<h3>Self Study and Revision</h3>Before I pick a subject to study I always prefer to begin by revising what I have learnt in class during the day. Revising on the same day helps me strengthen my understanding of the subject. Then I begin with my self study. Our teachers always emphasise one fact- “ always invest equal amounts of time in self-study as much as you invest in the classes every day and you will be good to go.” so, after dedicating 5 hours of my day to my classes, I make sure to study for at least 5 hours after coming back home. Investing 10 hours a day in my UPSC preparation is more than sufficient for me, I guess. My self-study time usually included reading the Newspaper, preparing my current affairs notes and covering a few chapters for at least one subject in a day.&nbsp;<h3>Taking a break on weekends</h3>During the week, I focus on studying hard without any unnecessary distractions, but on weekends, I would watch a movie or meet up with friends to relieve stress. Since my Optional class are only 6 days a week, I usually get free on Sunday around 10 am after my General Studies Class. I would go back home, study throughout the afternoon, and in the evening go out with my friends. While this technique is usually not a hit among most aspirants, it has been working quite well for me.&nbsp;<h3>Studying the Current Affairs</h3>If you look at the UPSC CSE exam papers you notice how important it is to cover the current affairs during your preparation. While I was grateful enough to have teachers who would always keep updating us with all the important current affairs relevant with the static portions that we are studying in class, I always made sure to come back home and make my own current affair notes as well. I always watch the daily current affairs video- The Analyst uploaded on the Vajiram &amp; Ravi youtube channel on a daily basis, while having my dinner and later make my notes on the basis of the important topics that had been covered in the video. I think this has helped me stay up to date on the current affairs from various sources instead of reading multiple sources myself.&nbsp;<h3>Finally, believe in yourself</h3>One mantra that my parents have taught me is to stay optimistic in life. I always try to see the bright side of things. I know it's easier said than done, but it's the key to a happy and successful life. The sooner you learn this, the better. A pessimistic attitude will only destroy your confidence and make you the outsider in your groups.Whenever I feel down and negative during my UPSC preparation, I close my eyes for 10 seconds and focus on the best part of what I'm doing. Within seconds, I feel myself moving back to the positive side.A day in the life of us, UPSC aspirants, is nothing but a rigorous and disciplined journey marked by unwavering commitment to your goals. The path to becoming a civil servant is challenging, but for those who persevere, the rewards are not just personal but contribute to the overall betterment of society as a whole. As you glimpse into my daily routine, I hope it helps you gain a deeper appreciation for the sacrifices and hard work we aspirants put in while preparing for this examination.&nbsp; &nbsp;

A day in the Life of a UPSC Aspirant

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Personally Identifiable Information is a crucial issue in the present times, as more and more aspects of our lives are being digitized and shared online. Personal data refers to any information that can identify or relate to an individual, such as name, address, phone number, email, biometrics, health records, financial transactions, etc. The protection of personal data is important for safeguarding the privacy, dignity, and autonomy of individuals, as well as for preventing misuse, theft, or harm by unauthorized parties.<h2>What Is Personally Identifiable Information (PII)?</h2>Personally identifiable information (PII) is any information that can reveal the identity of a person, either by itself or in combination with other information. PII can range from direct identifiers (such as passport details) that are unique to a person, to quasi-identifiers (such as race) that can identify a person when combined with other quasi-identifiers (such as date of birth).Advanced technology has changed the way businesses, governments, and individuals operate. Digital tools like cell phones, the Internet, e-commerce, and social media have increased the availability of data. Businesses collect, analyze, and process big data, which are large and complex datasets, to gain valuable insights. This abundance of information helps companies improve their customer interactions.However, the rise of big data also poses a threat to data security and privacy. Entities recognize the value of this information, which raises questions about how companies manage consumers’ sensitive data. Regulatory bodies are developing new laws to safeguard consumer data, while users look for more secure and private ways to use the digital world.<h2>Sensitive vs. Non-Sensitive Personally Identifiable Information</h2>Sensitive Personally Identifiable Information (PII) can include important details like your full name, Social Security Number (SSN), driver’s license, address, credit card, passport, and financial, and medical information. Companies that share such data often use techniques to hide or change it, so it's not directly tied to a person. For example, an insurance company might share data with a marketing firm, but the sensitive details are concealed.Non-sensitive or indirect Personally Identifiable Information is information easily found in public sources, like zip codes, race, gender, date of birth, place of birth, and religion. Although this information alone may not identify someone, it can become identifiable when combined with other personal details. Techniques like de-anonymization can piece together different sets of quasi-identifiers, potentially revealing an individual's identity.<h2>India’s Role in Protecting Personally Identifiable Information</h2>India is one of the largest and fastest-growing digital markets in the world, with over 1.3 billion people and 750 million internet users. India generates a huge amount of personal data every day, through various platforms and services such as Aadhaar, e-commerce, social media, e-governance, etc. However, until recently, India did not have a comprehensive and specific law to regulate the collection, processing, storage, and transfer of personal data.In 2017, the Supreme Court of India recognized the right to privacy as a fundamental right under the Constitution of India and highlighted the need for a robust data protection framework. In response, the government appointed a committee of experts, headed by Justice B.N. Srikrishna, to draft a data protection bill. The committee submitted its report and the draft bill, titled the Digital Personal Data Protection Act, 2023, in July 2023.The Digital Personal Data Protection Act, 2023, is a landmark legislation that aims to balance the rights of individuals to protect their personal data with the necessity of processing such data for lawful purposes. The Act provides a set of principles, obligations, and rights for data fiduciaries (entities that collect and process personal data) and data principals (individuals whose personal data is processed). Some of the key features of the Act are:<ul><li>The Act covers personal data of Indians or processed in India by any entity.</li><li>Requires consent for data collection and processing, except for some lawful grounds.</li><li>Distinguishes general, sensitive, and critical personal data, with different levels of protection.</li><li>The Act restricts and regulates the cross-border transfer of personal data, especially sensitive and critical data.</li><li>It obliges data fiduciaries to ensure data security, conduct impact assessments, appoint officers, and report breaches.</li><li>Grants data principals various rights to access, correct, erase, port, restrict, object, and claim compensation for their data.</li><li>Creates a Data Protection Authority of India to monitor and enforce the Act, issue guidelines, conduct audits, and impose penalties.</li><li>The Act penalizes serious violations of the Act with fines up to INR 250 crore or 4% of the turnover.</li></ul>The Digital Personal Data Protection Act, 2023, is a significant step towards establishing a robust and comprehensive data protection regime in India, that would protect the privacy and interests of individuals, as well as foster innovation and growth in the digital economy. The Act is expected to come into force by the end of 2024 after the government notifies the rules and regulations under it. This Act would also align India with the global standards and best practices in data protection, such as the European Union’s General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), and enable greater cooperation and trust among data-sharing partners.<h2>FAQs</h2><h3>1) How to protect Personally Identifiable Information?</h3>Protecting Personally Identifiable Information is important to safeguard individual privacy and prevent identity theft, financial fraud, and other personal risks. For organizations, mishandling PII can also lead to legal and reputational consequences.Some ways of protecting PII are:<ul><li>Use strong, unique passwords for different accounts and change them regularly.</li><li>Be cautious about the information you share online, especially on social media and public forums.</li><li>Use encryption, threat protection, and data-loss prevention tools to secure your devices and networks.</li><li>Apply multi-factor authentication and biometric verification for sensitive accounts and transactions.</li><li>Do regular security audits and updates for your software and systems.</li><li>Train yourself and your staff on how to handle Personally Identifiable Information properly and avoid phishing and other cyberattacks.</li><li>Restrict access to PII to only authorized and necessary personnel and limit the amount of data collected and stored.</li></ul><h3>2) What are examples of Personally Identifiable Information?</h3>Some examples of Personally Identifiable Information (PII) are:<ul><li>Full name</li><li>Social Security Number (SSN)</li><li>Driver’s license number</li><li>Passport number</li><li>Mailing address</li><li>Email address</li><li>Phone number</li><li>Login ID</li><li>IP address</li><li>Facial image</li><li>Medical records</li><li>Financial records</li><li>Biometric data</li></ul>These are data that can be used to identify, contact, or locate an individual, either directly or indirectly.

Personally Identifiable Information (PII)

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<h1>A Journey from Despair to a Brighter Future</h1>"No matter how much it hurts now, someday you will look back and realize your struggles changed your life for the better."A king named Robert Bruce was fighting for the independence of Scotland from England. He had lost six battles and had to hide in a cave. There, he saw a spider trying to spin a web across the cave ceiling. The spider had failed six times, but did not give up. It tried again and again and finally succeeded on the seventh attempt in spinning a web. The king was inspired by the spider’s perseverance and decided to fight again. He gathered his army and won the seventh battle, securing the freedom of Scotland.UPSC Civil Services Examination is a similar battle for each and every UPSC aspirant appearing for the Examination. It is a competitive exam that tests the knowledge, skills, and personality of the aspirants. It is a challenge that requires a lot of hard work, determination, and resilience. However, it is also an opportunity for the aspirants to achieve their dream of becoming civil servants and serving the nation. It is an opportunity that rewards the aspirants who do not give up and try again until they succeed.&nbsp;Preparing for the UPSC Civil Services Examination is a demanding task that requires both intellectual and emotional stamina. Every year, lakhs of students like you take up this challenge, putting in countless hours of hard work, but only a handful achieve their goal.Success is not possible without hard work and dedication. You have done your best, studying all the important UPSC topics and following the best practices of the toppers. But sometimes, even after doing everything right, you may not get the results you want.Don’t let this discourage you. The path to a career in the civil services is full of hurdles and difficulties, but you can overcome them with your resolve and passion. If you feel stuck or frustrated, it may be because you need a more structured approach to your preparation or because you have some blind spots that you can’t see by yourself.In the middle of every difficulty lies opportunity." - Albert EinsteinThe first step to solving these problems is to acknowledge them and seek help. That’s where a Mentorship Program can assist you.The Mentorship Program is a comprehensive program that caters to the specific needs of UPSC aspirants like you. It doesn’t offer generic solutions, but customizes a strategy according to your situation. The main objective of this program is to give you a clear and systematic way of studying and to help you discover your strengths and weaknesses.When you join a Mentorship Program, you get matched with mentors who have expertise in UPSC preparation. They will work closely with you to monitor your progress and challenges. They will help you create a study plan that matches your unique strategy, identifying your strong and weak areas, and then creating a plan that fits your personal goals.Your mentors will give you regular feedback on your performance, making sure that you are on the right track and giving you the tips you need to improve your weak areas and boost your strong ones. They will also be there to clear your doubts, guide you, and motivate you whenever you need it. They are your companions, making sure that you don’t feel isolated in your journey.The Mentorship Program is not just about teaching you; it’s about supporting you, guiding you, and structuring your preparation for the UPSC CSE. It is a holistic approach that aims at your success.So, if you have a dream and a passion, but you are facing obstacles that seem impossible, don’t lose hope. The story of the spider and the king illustrates this relation very well. The spider faced a challenge of spinning a web across the cave ceiling. It failed six times, but did not lose hope. It tried again and succeeded on the seventh attempt. The king faced a challenge of fighting for the independence of Scotland. He lost six battles, but did not lose courage. He tried again and won the seventh battle, securing the freedom of Scotland.The moral of the story is that we should not lose hope and try again until we achieve our goals. This applies to the UPSC aspirants as well. You should learn from your failures and focus on improving your preparation.The Mentorship Program is not just about teaching you; it’s about supporting you, guiding you, and structuring your preparation for the UPSC CSE. It is a holistic approach that aims at your success.You should be inspired by the spider’s perseverance and the king’s bravery. You should transform your challenges into an opportunity and your despair into a brighter future.

A Journey from Despair to a Brighter Future 

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How to Prepare for UPSC CSE Interview&nbsp;You are about to face the UPSC CSE Interview 2023, the last and the most important hurdle of the civil services exam. You have worked hard for this moment for the past year. The UPSC CSE Interview will test your personality, suitability and potential for the civil service. This is your opportunity to impress the board members and secure your preferred service and cadre. Hence, it is vital to prepare well for the UPSC CSE interview and showcase yourself in the best light.&nbsp;In this blog post, we will give you some tips and strategies that will help understand how to prepare for UPSC CSE Interview.<h2>Tip 1: Review your DAF and anticipate questions based on it</h2>Your Detailed Application Form (DAF) is the most important document for the UPSC CSE interview, as it contains all the information about your personal and academic background, hobbies, interests, achievements, and optional subjects. The board members will ask you questions based on your DAF, and try to gauge your depth of knowledge, awareness, and honesty.Therefore, review your DAF thoroughly and anticipate questions based on it. You should be able to explain and justify every detail that you have mentioned in your DAF, such as your name, place of birth, educational qualifications, work experience, awards and honors, hobbies and extracurricular activities, service and cadre preferences, etc.Be prepared to answer questions on your optional subject, its basic concepts, applications, and recent developments. You should also be able to justify your choice of optional subject and how it relates to your career goals.<h2>Tip 2: Stay updated on current affairs and general knowledge</h2>The UPSC CSE interview is not only a test of your personality, but also of your general awareness and understanding of the issues affecting the country and the world. The board members will ask you questions on current affairs and general knowledge, and expect you to have a balanced and rational opinion on various topics.Therefore, you should stay updated on current affairs and general knowledge, especially related to your home state, the service you have opted for, and the national and international issues. Read newspapers, magazines, and online sources regularly to form your own opinions on various topics and also be aware of the constitutional, legal, economic, social, and cultural aspects of the topics.Avoid giving extreme or biased views, and instead, present a logical and pragmatic perspective. Respect the views of the board members, and agree to disagree politely, if necessary.<h2>Tip 3: Participate in mock interviews and get feedback</h2>One of the best ways to prepare for the UPSC CSE interview is to participate in mock interviews with reputed institutes or mentors and get feedback on your performance, body language, communication skills, and areas of improvement. Mock interviews will help you to simulate the real interview scenario, and overcome your nervousness, anxiety, and hesitation.You can also watch videos of previous UPSC CSE Topper Interviews on our Youtube channel and learn from the experiences of successful candidates. You should observe their confidence, clarity, and composure, and try to emulate them in your own interview.Practice common UPSC interview questions, such as your introduction, your strengths and weaknesses, your motivation for joining the civil service, your vision for the country, and your views on ethical dilemmas. Be ready to answer situational questions and case studies that test your problem-solving skills, decision-making ability, and leadership qualities.<h2>Tip 4: Be honest, confident, humble, and respectful</h2>The UPSC CSE interview is not a test of your knowledge, but of your personality, attitude, and aptitude. Therefore, be honest, confident, humble, and respectful while answering the questions. Do not lie, bluff, or exaggerate anything, as the board members are experienced and can easily catch you. Don't be arrogant, overconfident, or rude, as it will create a negative impression.Act confident, but not overconfident, and express your views clearly and confidently. You should also be humble, and acknowledge your mistakes, weaknesses, and limitations. Be polite, courteous, and attentive to the board members and thank them at the end of the interview.<h2>Tip 5: Be presentable and maintain a positive body language</h2>The UPSC CSE interview is also a test of your appearance and body language, as they reflect your personality and attitude. Therefore, you should be presentable and maintain a positive body language during the interview. Wear formal and decent attire, and avoid flashy or casual clothes.&nbsp;You should also maintain a positive body language, and avoid any negative gestures or expressions. Smile, make eye contact, and nod your head while listening and speaking. Sit straight, relax your shoulders, and keep your hands on your lap. You should also avoid fidgeting, touching your face, crossing your arms, or shaking your legs.<h2>Tip 6: Be yourself and showcase your best self</h2>The UPSC CSE interview is an opportunity to showcase your best self and convince the board that you are fit for the civil service. Therefore, be yourself and showcase your best self during the interview. Do not try to imitate or copy anyone else, or pretend to be someone you are not and do not try to impress the board with false or irrelevant information, or flatter them with compliments.Just showcase your passion, enthusiasm, and commitment for the civil service, and how you can contribute to the nation’s development and welfare. Show your values, ethics, and integrity, and how you can uphold the dignity and honor of the civil service.<h2>Tip 7: Be prepared for anything and everything</h2>The UPSC CSE interview is unpredictable and dynamic, and you can never be fully prepared for it. The board members can ask you anything and everything, and test your knowledge, awareness, and personality in various ways. Therefore, you should be prepared for anything and everything, and handle the interview with calmness, confidence, and composure.Just remember not to panic, lose your temper, or give up, if you face any difficult or unexpected question, or if you do not know the answer to any question. You should also not argue, contradict, or offend the board members, if you disagree with them, or if they challenge or provoke you.&nbsp;Handle the interview with calmness, confidence, and composure, and try to answer every question to the best of your ability and knowledge. Admit your ignorance, ask for clarification, or request for a hint, if you do not know the answer to any question. gratitude.We hope these tips will help you prepare for the UPSC CSE interview and achieve your dream of becoming a civil servant. Wish you all the best for your preparation and interview.&nbsp;

How to Prepare for UPSC CSE Interview 

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<h1>How to Fill UPSC DAF-II Form for UPSC Personality Test&nbsp;</h1>The UPSC Personality Test, also known as the Interview, is conducted by a board of competent and unbiased observers who assess the suitability of the candidates for a career in public service. The board will evaluate your performance on various aspects such as mental alertness, critical thinking, social awareness, leadership, communication skills, and moral integrity.To appear for the Personality Test, a candidate must fill and submit a Detailed Application Form (DAF) - II, which is available on the official website of UPSC. It is a crucial document that collects important information about the candidates’ background, education, and preferences for various services and cadres. The document is highly valuable as it also influences the questions asked by the board during the interview. It helps the UPSC board gain insights into candidates personality, background, and interests. Filling it accurately is pivotal to presenting an authentic representation of the candidate.Therefore, it is essential to fill the DAF-II carefully and correctly, following the instructions and guidelines provided by UPSC.<h2>Steps to Fill the DAF-II Form</h2>The DAF-II is available online on the UPSC website from 15th December, 2023 to 29th December, 2023. UPSC DAF-II requires you to fill 9 columns:&nbsp;<ol><li>Mother Tongue</li><li>Place of Birth</li><li>Personal Details</li><li>Education Qualifications</li><li>Higher Educational Qualifications</li><li>Home State</li><li>Hobbies and co-curricular activities</li><li>Cadre Preference</li><li>Service Allocation</li></ol>After filling all the sections of the DAF-II, the candidates have to submit it online and take a printout of the same. You have to carry the printout of the DAF-II along with the required annexures, such as OBC Annexure, EWS Annexure, etc., to the interview venue and submit the DAF-II and the annexures to the UPSC officials before the interview.<h2>Tips and Tricks to Fill the DAF-II</h2>The DAF-II is not just a form, but a reflection of your personality, achievements, and aspirations. The form should reflect not only your materialistic achievements but also your interpersonal skills like honesty, integrity, public service, leadership, intent to serve the society , career opportunities etc. .Therefore, you should fill the DAF-II with utmost care and attention, keeping in mind the following tips and tricks:&nbsp;<ul><li>Read the instructions and guidelines provided by UPSC for filling the DAF-II before starting the process. Before filling the final version, it is advisable to take a print out of the form, fill it, cross check it multiple times, get it checked by a mentor and then finally fill and submit the final version. Your DAF Form should not have any spelling and grammatical errors. Please avoid acting overconfident while filling your DAF-II, as the form is going to be the most important document in framing your personality in front of the Interview Board.&nbsp;</li><li>Be honest and consistent while filling the DAF-II. Your answers should have a consistent tone to them and not be in conflict with one another. Do not provide any false or misleading information in the form, as it may lead to disqualification or legal action.&nbsp;</li></ul><h2>Column on Education Qualification&nbsp;</h2><img class="image_resized" style="width:75%;" src="https://vajiram-prod.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/Screenshot_2023_12_13_at_4_03_37_PM_6bf6214b54.png" alt="Screenshot 2023-12-13 at 4.03.37 PM.png">The column of education qualification for DAF-II is where you have to provide the details of your academic achievements, such as degrees, diplomas, certificates, and marks obtained. Here are some tips on how to fill this column:<ul><li>If you have any professional qualification, such as CA, CS, ICWA, etc., mention it after your academic degrees. Provide the name of the institute, the year of passing, and the rank or score obtained.</li><li>If you have any additional qualification, such as a foreign language course, a computer course, a certificate course, etc., mention it at the end of the column.</li><li>Ensure that the details you provide match your supporting documents, such as mark sheets, certificates, etc. Do not lie or exaggerate your educational qualifications, as it may lead to disqualification or legal action.</li></ul><h2>Column on Home State&nbsp;</h2><img class="image_resized" style="width:75%;" src="https://vajiram-prod.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/Screenshot_2023_12_13_at_4_29_55_PM_51ee4fcf5f.png" alt="Screenshot 2023-12-13 at 4.29.55 PM.png">Your Home State plays a very important role in your Personality Test. Based on your answer in this column, questions can be asked with regard to the Historical, Political, Social and Economic issues, themes and Government schemes of the mentioned State.&nbsp;For Example, your Home State is Delhi.Here are a number of questions that can be asked with respect to Delhi-&nbsp;<ol><li>Do you know about Khandwa Prasta and Indraprastha?</li><li>Chronologically enlist the dynasties that ruled over Delhi.</li><li>Why is Chandni Chowk famous? Any particular art and craft?</li><li>What is the reason behind constant conflict between the Governor and the Chief Minister of Delhi?</li><li>Do you think Delhi should be granted full statehood? What is the status of Delhi at present?</li><li>When did Delhi become a UT?</li><li>We witness stark contrast between developed areas and slums in the same districts of Delhi. Why?</li><li>Explain the concept of Mohalla clinic and school development in the AAP era?</li><li>Delhi has one of the highest population density. Is it demographic dividend or Burden?</li><li>Was Odd –Even policy of Delhi govt a success or failure?</li></ol><h2>Column on Hobbies and Activities&nbsp;</h2><img class="image_resized" style="width:75%;" src="https://vajiram-prod.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/Screenshot_2023_12_13_at_4_30_32_PM_6fd843c451.png" alt="Screenshot 2023-12-13 at 4.30.32 PM.png">The column of hobbies and activities for DAF-II Form is where you will have to mention your interests, passions, and leisure pursuits that you engage in regularly. This column can help you showcase your personality, skills, and values to the interview board. Here are some tips on how to fill this column:<ul><li>Be honest and authentic. Don’t mention hobbies that you don’t actually do or enjoy, just to impress the board. They can easily catch you if you lie or exaggerate. Mention only those hobbies that you can confidently talk about and demonstrate your knowledge and enthusiasm.</li><li>Be specific and relevant. Don’t write vague or generic hobbies like reading, music, or sports. Instead, mention the genres, artists, or teams that you follow, or the books, songs, or games that you like.&nbsp;</li><li>Be prepared and updated. Be ready to answer any questions related to your hobbies and activities, such as why you chose them, how you pursue them, what you learned from them, or how they benefit you or others. Also, keep yourself updated with the latest news, trends, or developments in your areas of interest.</li></ul><h2>Column On Cadre Preference&nbsp;</h2><img class="image_resized" style="width:75%;" src="https://vajiram-prod.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/Screenshot_2023_12_14_at_11_08_06_AM_5c409038c3.png" alt="Screenshot 2023-12-14 at 11.08.06 AM.png">Cadre preference is important because it determines your place of work, language, culture, and career prospects for the next few decades of your life. If you want to work for the government, you need to be ready to serve in any part of the country.&nbsp;<ul><li>You should research the different cadres available and align them with your career aspirations, strengths, and interests. You can consider factors such as development, governance, security, diversity, climate, and personal/family reasons while choosing your cadres.</li><li>You should also be realistic and flexible about your cadre preference, as there is no guarantee that you will get your first choice. The allocation of cadres depends on your rank, category, availability of vacancies, and the preference of other candidates.</li><li>Do not leave any blank spaces or repeat any cadres in your list.</li><li>Fill your cadre preference carefully and confidently, as you cannot change it once you submit your DAF-II Form. Also be prepared to justify your choices in the interview, if asked by the board.</li></ul><h2>Column on Service Allocation&nbsp;</h2>Filling the column of service allocation is a very important decision, as it will affect your career and posting in the future. While the choice of service preference is absolutely personal, it is advisable not to be over-confident about it.<ul><li>Do some research on the roles, responsibilities, and challenges of each service and cadre. You can refer to the official websites of the respective services, or read the experiences of previous candidates and officers. You can also use the web search results from my tool to get some information.</li><li>Rank the services and cadres according to your interest, aptitude, and suitability. Consider your personality, strengths, weaknesses, goals, and values. Don’t be influenced by peer pressure, family expectations, or stereotypes. Be honest with yourself and choose what you really want to do.</li><li>Be flexible and realistic. Don’t put all your eggs in one basket. Have some backup options in case you don’t get your first choice. Remember that there is no perfect service or cadre, and every option has its pros and cons. You can always make the best of any situation with your attitude and performance.</li><li>Fill the column carefully and accurately. Follow the instructions given by UPSC and avoid any mistakes or omissions. Double-check your entries before submitting the form. Once you submit the form, you cannot change your preferences, so make sure you are satisfied with your choices.</li></ul>The DAF-II is a vital document that can make or break your chances of clearing the Personality Test and securing your dream service and cadre. Therefore, fill the DAF-II with utmost care and attention, following the instructions and guidelines provided by UPSC. Fill the form with honesty and consistency, specificity and relevance, and preparation and confidence.Focus on the quality of the content rather than the quantity. If you require any additional assistance, you can register for our <a href="https://vajiramandravi.com/all-courses/upsc-interview-guidance-course/">Free Interview Guidance Programme </a>to join us for a guided DAF-II filling session. Best Wishes!&nbsp; &nbsp;

How to Fill UPSC DAF-II Form

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"When you change the way you look at things, the things you look at change." - Wayne DyerNow that UPSC Main Examination 2023 is over, a lot of you would be wondering what to do next? While the result is expected to be released sometime around in the month of December 2023, it leaves you with a three month gap period to fill in. The journey of a UPSC aspirant is often marked by hurdles, uncertainties, and moments of self-doubt. It's a journey that tests not only one's knowledge but also their character, perseverance, and, most importantly, one’s outlook on life. Such a journey sometimes requires one to find pathways and directions. Here’s a roadmap that might help decide on what to do after the UPSC Main Examination is over:<h2>Me Time!!</h2>After months of rigorous preparation, it's essential to take a short break to recharge your mind and body. Spend a few days away from your study materials, watch some OTT Series, engage in hobbies, exercise, or simply relax with family and friends. Go on that trip you were wanting to go for a very long time. Basically, reward yourself with some me time. It takes a lot of time and effort to <a href="https://vajiramandravi.com/upsc-ias-exam/how-to-prepare-for-upsc-mains/">prepare for UPSC Mains</a> Examination. You deserve this break!&nbsp;<h2>The Half Glass Theory Defined</h2>Imagine a glass filled halfway with water. The optimist perceives it as "half full," while the pessimist sees it as "half empty." In the context of the UPSC journey, this theory applies to what you as an aspirant decide to do after the Mains Examination is over. An optimist will take a few days break and then get back to his/her preparation for the Personality test round while a pessimist is going to spend the next 3 months in anticipation of whether or not he/she will be qualifying the <a href="https://vajiramandravi.com/upsc-ias-exam/upsc-mains/">UPSC Mains</a> Examination.In the UPSC journey, as in life, one's outlook can shape their destiny. The Half Glass Theory teaches us that optimism, the belief in possibilities and the willingness to take action, can lead to better outcomes. Choosing to prepare diligently for the interview round after the Mains Examination is a choice in optimism. It's an investment in your dreams, your future, and your potential as a civil servant. Here are a few suggestions on how you can utilise your next three months after UPSC Main Examination:<h2>Analyse Your Performance!</h2>Once you have rested well and have become ready to get back to your preparation, the first thing to do will be to begin with analysing your UPSC Main Examination papers. It will offer you invaluable insights into your strengths and areas that need improvement. This self-assessment is not only about understanding mistakes but also recognizing your strengths and refining your strategy. It will empower you to chart a more effective course for future preparation, ensuring that you focus on areas that need attention and build upon your strengths. This reflective process could play a pivotal role in enhancing your performance and increase your chances of success.<h3>Unlock the World of Books</h3>The next most important thing you should do is quickly read a few recently published books. Interviewers often ask candidates if they have read any books recently, and they will usually ask you to elaborate on the book you mention. This is because they want to see that you are well-read and have a broad range of interests.In other words, interviewers want to see that you are not just someone who has memorised the syllabus but someone who is interested in the world around you. By reading recent books, you can show them that you are up-to-date on current events and social issues. You can also use your knowledge of these books to start conversations with the interviewers and demonstrate your critical thinking skills.Here are some tips for choosing books to read for the Civil Services Interview:<ul><li>Choose books on a variety of topics, including current events, social issues, history, philosophy, and literature.</li><li>Read books by both Indian and international authors.</li><li>Economics and Political Weekly</li></ul>Once you have chosen a few books to read, be sure to take notes on the main points and any interesting ideas or quotes. This will help you to remember what you have read and to be able to talk about the books in a knowledgeable way during your interview.&nbsp;<h3>Develop Hobbies</h3>Third,thing that you should do during this intermittent period is to start working on collecting information on the <a href="https://vajiramandravi.com/upsc-ias-exam/upsc-detailed-application-form-daf-for-mains-and-interview/">Detailed Application Form (DAF)</a> and focus on developing hobbies. It may be noted that the emphasis should be on ‘collecting’ and not ‘memorising’ them. Particular focus should be given to the ‘Column 16,’ which will include information pertaining to your extracurricular activities, hobbies, awards, recognitions and leadership qualities. It would be very helpful to collect sufficient material pertaining to the areas mentioned in this Column and be ready with answers of the probable questions weaved around them.<h3>Mainstreaming of Mind</h3>The second area of preparation you should focus on is what is known as "mainstreaming of mind." This simply means going beyond the <a href="https://vajiramandravi.com/upsc-syllabus/">UPSC syllabus</a> and expanding your knowledge of the topics and issues that concern the general public.After the Mains Exam, you have more time to read and learn about the world around you. Take advantage of this time by reading popular magazines and newspapers. This will help you to stay informed about current events and social issues, and to form your own opinions on these matters.Here are some popular magazines and newspapers that you can read:<ul><li>Magazines: India Today, Outlook, The Week</li><li>Newspapers: The Hindu, The Hindustan Times, The Times of India, The Indian Express</li><li>You can also read graphics novels, watch documentaries, and listen to podcasts on topics that interest you. The more you learn, the better equipped you will be to answer questions about current affairs and social issues during your interview.</li></ul>By mainstreaming your mind, you will show the interviewers that you are a well-rounded individual who is interested in the world around you and who is capable of thinking critically about important issues.&nbsp;<h3>Develop Hobbies</h3>Third thing that you should do during this intermittent period is to start working on collecting information on the Detailed Application Form(DAF). It may be noted that the emphasis should be on ‘collecting’ and not ‘memorising’ them. Particular focus should be given to the ‘Column 16,’ which includes information pertaining to a candidate’s extracurricular activities, hobbies, awards, recognitions and leadership qualities. It would be very helpful to collect sufficient material pertaining to the areas mentioned in this Column and be ready with answers of the probable questions weaved around them.<h3>Work on your Personality Development&nbsp;</h3>Lastly, you should definitely start working on your ‘spoken personality’. This is particularly essential as the Preliminary Examination is modelled in such a manner that it requires your mind to be reactive to the options given with the questions asked. And for the Mains Examination, you equip yourself in slowly thinking and writing, in which case your mind is in sync with the speed of the pen that is moving on the answer sheet.&nbsp;However, during the Interview, which is conducted orally, you need to look into the eyes of the members of the Interview Board. This process requires you to think much faster as compared to the occasion of when you are writing.&nbsp;In order to acquire this skill, we would advise you to start teaching somebody. Because when you are teaching somebody, your mind gets sorted and your thoughts get structured, helping you in effective articulation. This way you are able to convey your thoughts in a structured manner in real time and simultaneously see how the other person is receiving it.Apart from this, participating in Public Speaking events and group discussion should become part of your new hobbies that you adopt in these three months.This is what we call an essential element of developing a ‘spoken personality’ as opposed to a written one.Practice is key to mastering any skill, including interview performance. Appearing for Mock online Interviews before the UPSC Mains Result is declared will help you gain confidence in facing the interview board. This early exposure will significantly reduce anxiety and nervousness when the actual interview date approaches.Remember, success in the UPSC examination often hinges on not just what you know but also how you present yourself – a trait that the interview round assesses. So, when you find yourself at that juncture after the Mains Examination, consider embracing optimism, taking the opportunity to learn, grow, and shine in the interview round. After all, a "half full" glass has much more potential than a "half empty" one, and in the world of UPSC, it's only the optimists who often go on to script their success stories.

What To Do After the UPSC Mains Exam?

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Geology contributes to the mapping and assessment of various natural resources, including minerals and water resources, which are often found in forested regions. The knowledge of Geology assists IFS Officers in understanding the distribution and availability of these resources within forest areas. This information is crucial for sustainable resource management, enabling officers to formulate strategies for mineral extraction, water conservation, and land-use planning.&nbsp;A classroom programme and Mains Test Series offers several benefits that contribute to better performance and increased confidence during the actual IFoS Mains Exam. It helps in strengthening the geological knowledge and interlinking Geology with other disciplines.&nbsp;Let's explore how participating in Vajiram &amp; Ravi Geology Classroom Programme and Mains Test Series help you in your IFoS Exam preparation:&nbsp;&nbsp;Building a Strong Foundation:&nbsp;The Geology&nbsp; classroom programme and Mains Test Series follows the IFoS Exam pattern, which familiarises you with the type of questions asked, the weightage of different topics, and the overall structure of the paper. This understanding allows you to tailor your preparation to meet the specific demands of the exam.<ul><li>Class will cover both core Geology Topics and enable one to the dynamic pattern change of UPSC Geology question paper of the last 3 years</li><li>3 Days a week – Saturday, Sunday &amp; Monday</li><li>Classes would be held in both Offline cum Online class modes at both Chennai and Delhi centres</li></ul>Boosting Confidence and Overcoming Exam Anxiety:&nbsp;Regular practice, constant evaluation, and expert guidance instil confidence in your abilities and reduce exam anxiety. This positive mindset is crucial for performing at your best during the IFoS Mains Exam.<ul><li>Total of 6 tests which includes 4 sectional and 2 full tests</li><li>All the tests, answer papers will be evaluated and feedback will be provided within the timeline of maximum 10 days from the date of your submission</li><li>Test discussion by the optional faculty will be provided through the recorded video&nbsp;</li></ul>Personalised Attention and Performance Tracking:Faculty members provide personalised attention to each student. They can identify your strengths and weaknesses, offer constructive feedback, and track your performance regularly, allowing you to focus on areas that require improvement.&nbsp;<ul><li>Daily answer writing practice reviewed by experienced faculty</li><li>Test discussion for daily answer writing practice by the optional faculty will be provided through the recorded video</li></ul>Expert Guidance and Mentorship:Expert guidance and mentorship help you grasp complex geological concepts, understand the exam's requirements, and develop a strategic preparation plan.<ul><li>One on one discussion and mentoring either personally or via call whenever required</li></ul>Joining a Geology Classroom Program can be a transformative experience in your IFoS Mains exam preparation journey. It offers expert guidance, comprehensive syllabus coverage, interactive learning, personalised attention, and a competitive environment. The classroom program equips you with the knowledge, skills, and confidence to tackle the Geology optional subject effectively and emerge successful in the IFoS Mains exam.&nbsp;A fundamental aspect of managing forest areas is conducting environmental impact assessments for developmental projects. Geology provides the necessary expertise to evaluate the geological implications of such projects on forest ecosystems. IFS officers with a background in Geology can assess geological hazards, soil erosion potential, and slope stability, ensuring that projects are implemented in an environmentally sustainable manner.

Geology As An Optional Subject For The IFoS Exam

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To become an IAS Officer, candidates have to clear all three stages of the UPSC CSE exam, followed by training at Lal Bahadur Shastri National Academy of Administration (LBSNAA). Many students aspire to become IAS Officers, which is one of the most prestigious services in India. If an Indian citizen is at least 21 years old and completed his/her graduation from a recognised university, he/she is eligible to appear for the UPSC Civil Services Exam.Becoming an IAS officer is a prestigious and challenging career path that requires dedication, hard work, and preparation. One has to clear Prelims, Mains, and Interview and get more than the required cut-off marks to become an Indian Administrative Service officer.<h2>Steps to Become an IAS Officer</h2>The IAS is one of the most sought-after civil service positions in India. Here are the general steps to become an IAS officer:<h3>Check the Eligibility Criteria</h3><ul><li>Nationality: You must be a citizen of India.</li><li>Age Limit: The minimum age is 21 years, and the maximum age limit varies based on category.</li><li>Educational Qualification: A bachelor's degree from a recognised university is required. There is no specific stream or subject requirement.</li></ul><h3>Be Familiar with CSE Exam Pattern and Syllabus</h3>The Union Public Service Commission conducts the Civil Services Examination annually, which is the gateway to becoming an IAS officer.The CSE consists of three stages:<ul><li>Preliminary Examination: It comprises two objective-type papers - General Studies Paper I and General Studies Paper II (Civil Services Aptitude Test - CSAT). This stage serves as a screening test, and the marks obtained in the CSAT are not counted for ranking.</li><li>Mains Examination: This stage consists of nine papers, which are subjective/essay-type questions on various subjects like General Studies, Indian languages, English, and an optional subject (you can choose from a list of subjects).</li><li>IAS Interview: Candidates who qualify the <a href="https://vajiramandravi.com/upsc-ias-exam/upsc-mains/">UPSC Mains</a> Examination are called for a personal interview, also known as the Personality Test. It assesses the candidate's personality, attitude, and general awareness.</li></ul><h3>Choose an Optional Subject</h3>In the Main Examination, you will need to choose an <a href="https://vajiramandravi.com/optional-subjects-for-upsc/">optional subject for UPSC</a> from the list provided by the Commission. It is advisable to choose a subject that you are comfortable with and have a genuine interest in.<h3>UPSC Exam Preparation</h3><ul><li>Prepare a comprehensive study plan that covers all the subjects and topics for both the Preliminary and Main Examinations.</li><li>Refer to standard textbooks and study materials for each subject.</li><li>Stay updated with current affairs, national, and international events.</li><li>Practice answer writing for the Main Examination and work on time management.</li><li>Join Vajiram and Ravi coaching institute or self-study if you are confident in your preparation skills.</li></ul><h3>Application and Examination</h3><ul><li>Apply for the Civil Services Examination through the UPSC website when the notification is released (usually in February).</li><li>Appear for the Prelims Examination, which is usually conducted in May/June.</li><li>If you qualify for the Mains Examination, take the nine papers as per the schedule provided by UPSC.</li><li>If you clear the Mains Examination, you will be called for the Personality Test (interview).</li></ul><h3>Interview Preparation</h3><ul><li>Brush up on your general knowledge and current affairs.</li><li>Practice mock interviews to gain confidence and improve communication skills.</li><li>Be prepared to answer questions related to your background, interests, and the optional subject you have chosen.</li></ul><h3>Final Selection</h3><ul><li>The final merit list is prepared based on the marks obtained in the Main Examination and the Interview.</li><li>Candidates with high ranks in the merit list get selected for the IAS and other civil services based on their preferences and available vacancies.</li></ul>Remember that the journey to becoming an IAS officer is competitive and can be mentally and emotionally challenging. It requires perseverance, determination, and a strong will to serve the nation.<h2>How to Become an IAS Officer after 12th?</h2>To become an IAS officer, one needs to complete a bachelor's degree from a recognised university. There is no direct entry into the IAS right after the 12th standard. Some of the expert preparation tips for becoming an IAS Officer after 12th are as follows:<ul><li>Finish your 10+2 education from any recognised board with any stream (Science, Commerce, Arts, etc.). However, the <a href="https://vajiramandravi.com/upsc-syllabus/">UPSC syllabus</a> somewhat overlaps with the subjects studied in the Arts stream.</li><li>Along with high school studies, make a habit of reading the newspaper every day to become aware of the current events happening all over the world.</li><li>Be aware of the complete <a href="https://vajiramandravi.com/upsc-civil-services-exam-pattern/">UPSC exam pattern</a> and syllabus and try to explore online study materials or join a library to study concepts asked in the previous year's papers of Prelims and Mains.</li><li>Choose a bachelor's degree course from any recognised university. There is no specific subject requirement, so you can choose any field that interests you. It is recommended to opt for subjects that are part of the UPSC syllabus, like history, geography, economics, political science, public administration, etc. However, this is not mandatory.</li></ul><h2>Can Commerce Students become IAS Officers?</h2>Commerce students who aspire to become IAS officers should focus on a well-rounded preparation strategy. It is crucial to have a good grasp of subjects like economics, finance, and accounting, which are covered under the commerce stream. However, they should also pay attention to other subjects like history, geography, polity, current affairs, and general studies, as these are equally important for the Civil Services Exam.Moreover, choosing the right optional subject can significantly impact one's chances of success. While commerce is not an optional subject, commerce graduates can select subjects like economics, public administration, or any other subject they have a keen interest in and are comfortable with.<h2>FAQs on Tips to Become IAS Officer</h2><h3>How to Become an IAS Officer?</h3>To become an IAS officer, you must qualify the Civil Services Examination conducted by UPSC. The process involves three stages: Preliminary Examination, Mains Examination, and Interview. Prepare thoroughly with dedication, covering subjects like history, polity, and current affairs, and opt for an optional subject wisely to succeed.<h3>Which degree is best to become an IAS Officer?</h3>There is no best degree for becoming an IAS officer. Any bachelor's degree from a recognised university is acceptable. However, subjects like history, public administration, political science, or economics can be advantageous for CSE preparation due to their relevance to the exam syllabus.<h3>What to Study after 10th to become an IAS Officer?</h3>After 10th, focus on completing your high school with any stream. Choose subjects like history, political science, economics, geography, or public administration for a better understanding of topics covered in the Civil Services Examination. Pursue a bachelor's degree and prepare for the CSE.<h3>Can a Doctor become an IAS?</h3>Yes, a doctor can become an IAS officer. There is no specific restriction based on one's profession. Doctors can appear for the Civil Services Examination conducted by UPSC, and if successful, they can become IAS officers like candidates from other backgrounds.<h3>How to become an IAS with Science Stream?</h3>Students of any stream, whether it's Science, Commerce, or Arts, can become IAS Officers by clearing the 3 stages of the UPSC CSE exam: Prelims, Mains, and Interview. They have to complete their graduation and apply for the Prelims exam, the notification for which is usually released in the month of February every year.<h3>What is the age limit to become an IAS Officer?</h3>The age limit to become an IAS officer is generally between 21 and 32 years. Age relaxation is provided for candidates from certain categories as per government rules.

How to Become an IAS Officer?

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When it comes to&nbsp; UPSC Civil Services Examinations like the Indian Forest Service (IFoS) exam, choosing the right optional subject is a crucial decision for aspiring candidates. Among the array of subjects available, Forestry stands out as an intriguing and highly relevant choice. Forestry encompasses the science, art, and practice of managing and conserving forests and the resources they provide. Opting for Forestry as an optional subject in the UPSC IFoS exam offers several advantages, including its multidisciplinary nature, environmental significance, and career prospects in the Forestry sector.&nbsp;Science optional paper writing is unique compared to writing an art optional paper. To help the candidates impart the skill of writing science optional papers Vajiram &amp; Ravi came up with a Classroom Programme for Forestry Optional Subject.&nbsp;&nbsp;Here are the following ways how a Forestry Classroom Programme help you qualify your UPSC IFoS Mains Exam:&nbsp;Syllabus Coverage and Revision:&nbsp;The Forestry Classroom Programme covers the entire syllabus, ensuring that you revise and practice questions from all relevant topics. This comprehensive coverage is vital for a well-rounded preparation and a deeper understanding of the subject.&nbsp;&nbsp;<ul><li>Classes - 3 Days a week – Wednesday &amp; Thursday, Friday</li><li>Classes would be held in both Offline cum Online class modes at both Chennai and Delhi Centres</li><li>Classes available in offline, online and hybrid mode</li></ul>&nbsp;Enhancing Answer Writing Skills:&nbsp;&nbsp;Daily answer writing is a crucial aspect of the Mains exam. The classroom programme helps you develop and refine your answer writing skills for Forestry questions. You can learn to present your thoughts coherently, structure your answers effectively, and include relevant examples and diagrams to substantiate your arguments.&nbsp;<ul><li>Test discussion for daily answer writing practice by the optional faculty will be provided through the recorded video.</li></ul> &nbsp;Exposure to diverse questions:&nbsp;The Mains test series provides a diverse set of questions covering various topics within the Forestry syllabus. This exposure broadens your understanding of the subject and prepares you to tackle any type of question that might appear in the actual exam.&nbsp;&nbsp;<ul><li>Total of 6 tests, 4 sectional tests and 2 full-length tests</li><li>All test answer papers will be evaluated and feedback will be provided within the timeline of maximum 10 days from the date of your submission</li><li>Test discussion by our Optional Subject Faculty through recorded video</li></ul>&nbsp;Boosting Confidence and Exam Readiness:&nbsp;&nbsp;As you take more mock tests and improve your performance, your confidence in tackling the Forestry optional subject grows. This increased confidence contributes to your overall exam readiness and reduces anxiety levels before the actual IFoS Mains exam.<ul><li>One on one discussion and mentoring either personally or via call whenever required.</li></ul>&nbsp;Forestry is not just a subject for the IFoS exam; it represents a gateway to a lifelong journey dedicated to the welfare of forests, wildlife, and the environment. Its environmental relevance, multidisciplinary approach, career opportunities, and the potential to make a positive impact make it an excellent choice for aspiring forest officers. Beyond the confines of exams and syllabi, Forestry offers candidates a chance to embark on a noble mission of safeguarding our planet's green lungs and fostering a sustainable future for generations to come. So, if you have a passion for nature and a desire to be at the forefront of environmental stewardship, choosing Forestry as an optional subject may be one of the best decisions you make in your journey towards the Indian Forest Service.

Exploring Forestry As An Optional Subject For The IFoS Exam

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The UPSC Civil Services Examination is known for its dynamic and evolving nature. The syllabus and question patterns are not fixed, and the examiners often incorporate current affairs into the questions to assess your analytical and decision-making abilities.&nbsp;Every year about 15-20 questions are asked directly from Current Affairs in the UPSC Prelims exam. However, they may not be direct fact-based questions, such as “Who is the first Lokpal of India?” Instead, questions concerning the Lokpal Bill might be asked.&nbsp;Moreover, it has been observed that 60-70% of the questions asked in UPSC CSE Prelims are related to current events in some way. For example, if some bilateral dispute of the river is in the news, static questions concerning the river or the states involved can be asked in the GS paper. Logically, it can be said that it does not directly belong to the current affairs section, but the inspiration to ask such questions is undoubtedly taken from the contemporary event.&nbsp;To help the aspirants adapt to this dynamic nature of questions, Vajiram &amp; Ravi came up with <a href="https://vajiramandravi.com/all-courses/powerup-prelims-current-affairs-test-series-for-upsc-ias-exam/">PowerUp Current Affairs Test Series 2024</a>, exclusively curated to cover the development of the current affair in each month comprehensively.&nbsp;How does the V&amp;R PowerUp Current Affairs Test Series 2024 benefit you?&nbsp;Relevance in Preliminary Exam:&nbsp;The UPSC CSE Preliminary Exam includes a significant portion dedicated to current affairs. Questions related to national and international events, government policies, social issues, economic developments, science and technology advancements, and more are asked to assess the candidate's awareness of the contemporary world.&nbsp;&nbsp;<ul><li>Total of 15 Tests will be conducted with comprehensive coverage of 12 months of current affairs (12 Monthly Tests, 2 Revision Tests and 1 Exclusive Test based on International Relations, Places and events in news and Mapping etc.).</li></ul>&nbsp;Analytical Thinking:&nbsp;Current affairs demand analytical thinking and the ability to critically assess information. Regularly following news and current events enhances your analytical skills, enabling you to understand the nuances, causes, and consequences of various issues. This analytical thinking is essential for the UPSC CSE, which emphasizes comprehensive understanding and logical reasoning.&nbsp;&nbsp;<ul><li>Coverage: The Hindu, The Indian Express, The Times of India, PIB, The Economic Times, Financial Express, Government websites, Magazines like Vajiram Recitals, Down to Earth, etc</li></ul>&nbsp;Building Confidence:&nbsp;Consistently attempting current affairs questions in test series enhances your confidence in tackling the current affairs section of the UPSC Civil Services Examination. As you improve your scores and observe progress over time, your confidence in your current affairs knowledge and analytical abilities grows. Confidence is essential for performing well in the exam and maintaining a positive mindset.&nbsp;<ul><li>Detailed answers with explanations, All India Rank and AI-based performance analysis to help you keep a track record, based on your performance.</li></ul>&nbsp;When utilizing test series for revising current affairs, make sure to thoroughly analyze the explanations and solutions provided for each question. This will deepen your understanding of the topics and help you learn from your mistakes. Additionally, supplement your test series practice with regular reading of newspapers, magazines, and online sources to stay updated with the latest current affairs. Hoping this&nbsp; test series will help you power up your overall performance for UPSC CSE Prelims 2024!

Preparing & Revising Current Affairs for Prelims Exam

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The question “How to prepare for UPSC CSAT” is crucial for all candidates aiming to take the UPSC Prelims 2024. CSAT, or Civil Service Aptitude Test, is the qualifying paper in the UPSC Prelims exam, also known as General Studies-2. It can be challenging as it tests candidates' aptitude, decision-making skills, logical reasoning, reading and analytical abilities.CSAT is a qualifying paper, and its preparation requires a different approach compared to the General Studies Paper. In this blog, you will find a subject-wise strategy for preparing for CSAT UPSC, along with a list of recommended books.<h2>5 Tips to Prepare CSAT for UPSC</h2>CSAT tests your logical reasoning, analytical ability, decision-making, and problem-solving skills. It is a qualifying paper, which means you only need to score 33% marks to pass it.There are many tips and strategies that can help you prepare for <a href="https://vajiramandravi.com/upsc-ias-exam/csat/">CSAT</a> effectively:<ul><li>Understand the syllabus and exam pattern: Visit the UPSC website for accurate <a href="https://vajiramandravi.com/upsc-ias-exam/csat-syllabus/">UPSC CSAT Syllabus</a>. The syllabus covers topics such as comprehension, interpersonal skills, general mental ability, basic numeracy, and data interpretation. The exam pattern consists of 80 questions with a negative marking of 0.83 marks for each wrong answer.</li><li>Prepare a study schedule: Create an organised timetable and dedicate at least one hour of your preparation time for CSAT. Allocate sufficient time for each topic according to your strengths and weaknesses. Revise the topics regularly and practise mock tests.</li><li>Read newspapers daily: Newspapers are a great source of <a href="https://vajiramandravi.com/upsc-daily-current-affairs/">current affairs</a> and general knowledge. They also help you improve your vocabulary and comprehension skills. Read newspapers like The Hindu or The Indian Express daily and make notes of important facts and events.</li><li>Solve previous year papers: Solving <a href="https://vajiramandravi.com/upsc-previous-papers/">UPSC previous year papers</a> will help you familiarise yourself with the type and level of questions asked in CSAT. It will also help you assess your performance and identify your mistakes.</li><li>Join a CSAT Course or Test Series: It has been often observed how UPSC aspirants neglect preparing for CSAT Test till the last minute and eventually end up regretting their decision. Preparing for UPSC CSAT under the expert guidance of a mentor can help you become acquainted with the tips and tricks required to solve <a href="https://vajiramandravi.com/upsc-ias-exam/csat-questions/">CSAT questions</a> with ease. A UPSC CSAT Test Series will help you identify the gaps in your preparation and become more confident about your preparation.</li></ul><figure class="media"><div data-oembed-url="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XZPd7ktofJg"><div style="position: relative; padding-bottom: 100%; height: 0; padding-bottom: 56.2493%;"><iframe src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/XZPd7ktofJg" style="position: absolute; width: 100%; height: 100%; top: 0; left: 0;" frameborder="0" allow="autoplay; encrypted-media" allowfullscreen=""></iframe></div></div></figure><h2>How to Prepare for the CSAT Reasoning Section?</h2>The CSAT Reasoning Section tests your logical and analytical abilities. To prepare for this section, you need to follow some tips and strategies:<ul><li>Understand the UPSC CSAT Reasoning Syllabus: The syllabus covers topics such as data interpretation, data sufficiency, analytical reasoning, logical reasoning, syllogism, logical connectives, assumption/inference/conclusion, blood relations, direction, non-verbal reasoning, Venn diagrams, missing numbers, series completion, coding-decoding, seating arrangements, etc.</li><li>Collect Study Materials: You need to have good <a href="https://vajiramandravi.com/upsc-ias-exam/csat-books-for-upsc/">CSAT books</a> that cover the reasoning syllabus and provide ample practice questions and mock tests. Some of the recommended books are: A Modern Approach to Verbal and Non-Verbal Reasoning by R.S. Aggarwal, Analytical Reasoning by M.K. Pandey, and CSAT Paper 2 by Arihant Experts.</li><li>Take PYQs to Evaluate Yourself: You need to solve previous year questions (PYQs) of the CSAT reasoning section to understand the level of difficulty, the type of questions, and the weightage of topics. You can also analyse your strengths and weaknesses and improve your accuracy and speed.</li><li>Learn the Basics: Learn the basic concepts and rules of each topic in the CSAT reasoning syllabus. You should also learn the common terms and symbols used in reasoning questions and how to apply them.</li><li>Learn Tricks and Shortcuts: You need to learn some tricks and shortcuts to solve reasoning questions faster and save time. For example, you can use Venn diagrams to solve syllogism questions, elimination methods to solve data sufficiency questions, and diagrams to solve direction and blood relation questions.</li><li>Focus on Important Topics Only: Focus on the topics that have high weightage and frequency in the CSAT reasoning section. Some of the important topics are data interpretation, analytical reasoning, logical reasoning, syllogism, and coding-decoding.</li><li>Practice Regularly: Practise reasoning questions regularly to improve your skills and confidence. You should also revise the topics and concepts periodically and clear your doubts.</li><li>Take Practice Tests: You should take the CSAT Test Series to assess your preparation level and performance. You should also check your solutions and learn from your mistakes. You should also try to improve your time management and accuracy.</li></ul><h2>How to Prepare Quantitative Aptitude for CSAT?</h2>Quantitative Aptitude is one of the topics in the CSAT syllabus, which tests your numerical and logical skills. It covers topics such as number systems, time and work, ratio and proportion, fractions, quadratic equations, averages, percentages, speed, time and distance, profit, loss and discount, geometry, mixtures and alligations, permutation and combination, interest (simple and compound), sets and functions, mensuration (volume, surface area and solid figures), probability.To prepare for Quantitative Aptitude for CSAT, you need to follow some tips and strategies:<ul><li>Practise basic Maths from <a href="https://vajiramandravi.com/upsc-ias-exam/ncert-books-for-upsc/">NCERT books</a> for grades 8th to 10th, focusing on arithmetic and number ordering questions.</li><li>Solve Maths questions from previous UPSC CSAT question papers to understand the difficulty level and question patterns.</li><li>Develop proficiency in basic multiplication and division charts up to 502 and square and cube root tables up to 302 for swift calculations.</li><li>Learn the formulas and theorems for each topic and memorise them well.</li><li>Simplify the questions by breaking them into a stepwise process and then attempting them carefully.</li><li>Manage your time smartly during CSAT preparation. Allocate sufficient time for each topic according to your strengths and weaknesses. Revise the topics regularly and practise mock tests.</li></ul><h2>Strategy to Prepare Reading Comprehension Section for UPSC CSAT</h2>The Reading Comprehension Section is a part of the UPSC CSAT that tests your ability to understand and analyse various types of texts. To prepare for this section, you need to follow some strategies and tips:<ul><li>Improve your vocabulary: Knowing what the words you are reading mean, can improve your ability to comprehend the meaning of the text. You can improve your vocabulary by reading a variety of materials, learning new words from context, using a dictionary or a thesaurus, and reviewing them regularly.</li><li>Come up with questions about the text you are reading: Before you start reading, try to generate some questions that you want to answer from the text. This will help you focus your attention and activate your prior knowledge. You can also use these questions as clues to find the answers in the text.</li><li>Use context clues: Sometimes, you may not know the meaning of a word or phrase from the word itself. In such cases, you can use context clues to infer its meaning from the surrounding sentences or paragraphs. Context clues can be synonyms, antonyms, examples, explanations, comparisons, contrasts, etc.</li><li>Look for the main idea: The main idea is the central point or message of a text. It is usually stated in one sentence at the beginning or end of a paragraph. You should look for this sentence and try to understand it before moving on to other details. The main idea will help you answer questions that require synthesis or evaluation of information.</li><li>Break up the reading into smaller sections: Reading long texts can be challenging and boring if you do not take breaks in between. You should break up your reading into smaller sections based on topics, themes, subheadings, etc. This will help you maintain your interest and concentration while reading.</li><li>Pace yourself: Reading too fast or too slow can affect your comprehension and retention of information. You should pace yourself according to your level of difficulty and familiarity with the topic. You should also avoid subvocalization (saying words in your head) and regressions (going back to previous words) while reading.</li></ul><h2>FAQs on CSAT Preparation for UPSC</h2><h3>Which books should I refer to for CSAT Preparation?</h3>Some of the best books for CSAT preparation are:<ul><li>CSAT Paper 2 Manual by TMH (Tata McGraw Hill)</li><li>Analytical Reasoning by M.K. Pandey</li><li>Cracking the CSAT by Arihant Publications</li><li>The Mantra of CSAT Paper II by Gautam Puri</li></ul><h3>Can I prepare for CSAT without coaching?</h3>Preparing for the Civil Services Aptitude Test (CSAT) without coaching is challenging but possible. Utilise online resources, self-preparation books, and study platforms. Follow these steps:<ul><li>Know the Syllabus and Exam Pattern: Check UPSC's website for accurate details.</li><li>Create a Study Schedule: Organise a timetable covering all topics.</li><li>Use Quality Study Material: Refer to standard books and online resources.</li><li>Practice Regularly: Solve previous papers, take mock tests, and work on sample papers.</li><li>Manage Time Effectively: Practise timed tests to improve efficiency.</li><li>Enhance Reading Skills: Read daily for better comprehension.</li><li>Review and Revise: Regularly revisit covered topics for reinforcement.</li><li>Prioritise Health and Stress Management: Maintain a balanced lifestyle.</li></ul>

How to Prepare CSAT for UPSC Civil Services Prelims Examination

How to Prepare for CSAT UPSC?

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The decision of stepping into UPSC preparation by default lands one into myriad preconceived notions, like the following doubts for example:<ol><li>The syllabus for UPSC CSE exam is so vast and vague. You will never be able to cover it.</li><li>UPSC General Studies foundation courses are very time consuming. You will not be able to cope up even if you miss one single class.</li><li>Aspirants need to read as many books as possible for each subject and simultaneously make notes about every single topic everyday.</li><li>Learning the syllabus is sufficient to perform in the exam, even if you have not practiced mock tests consistently.</li><li>Prelims and Mains are two completely different types of exams. You need separate preparations for both the exams.&nbsp;</li></ol>If you are someone who has heard any of the myths above, then welcome to the club my friend! We have all been through this phase and through the same doubts.“Will I be able to crack UPSC CSE? How will I do it? Will I be able to cover the whole syllabus on time? Will I be able to cover current affairs from the right sources?”Maybe coaching is not necessary, but with the right guidance available, it definitely gives you the edge of performing better in the exam. In order to help aspirants like us who are living in distress even before beginning, Vajiram &amp; Ravi has developed its 10-Month Pre-Cum-Mains (PCM) General Studies Comprehensive Programme.&nbsp;The primary goal of the Programme has been to provide a reliable structure of comprehensive knowledge to aspirants and its application for all the stages of the Civil Service Examination - Prelims, Mains and Interview.Vajiram &amp; Ravi believe in treating our goals just like its own, that is - TO QUALIFY THE UPSC CIVIL SERVICES EXAM!Here are the following ways how the 10-Month PCM Comprehensive Programme is going to ensure your success in the UPSC CSE:&nbsp;<ol><li>By Ensuring A Flexible Approach</li></ol>When it comes to attending classes for your UPSC Civil Services Examination preparation, investing your time consistently everyday, sometimes becomes a hurdle for many aspirants:<ul><li>To ensure flexibility for students to prepare comfortably, the Programme provides the option between two modes - Classroom and LIVE-Online which streams classes live from the classroom to your laptop/mobile device</li><li>Also, classes are held everyday, throughout the week so as to keep you motivated during the entire duration of the course</li></ul>&nbsp;<ol start="2"><li>By Helping You Understand And Cover The Vast General Studies Syllabus</li></ol>General Studies covers more than 75% of your syllabus and for that the programme provides you with the following:<ul><li>1000+ hours of teaching delivered by experienced subject specialists<ul><li>280 General Studies Lectures and 120 Online Current Affairs Lectures to help you cover the syllabus thoroughly</li></ul></li><li>Online Revision Classes so that you could always go back to your lectures and cover your weak spots</li></ul>&nbsp;<ol start="3"><li>By Helping You Lay A Strong Foundation With Focused Study Material</li></ol>The UPSC CSE syllabus is vast and covers multiple subjects. Having focused study material allows you to streamline your preparation and helps you save time by avoiding irrelevant or extraneous information.<ul><li>Set of 18 Study Material Books (also known as Yellow Books), curated specifically to address the requirements of the syllabus for the exam for both Prelims as well as the Mains Exam&nbsp;</li><li>Monthly Current Affairs Magazine - The Recitals, that covers your current affairs from Newspapers, Yojana magazine, PIB government website, etc.</li></ul>&nbsp;<ol start="4"><li>By Conducting Regular Tests That Will Help You Fill The Gaps In Your Preparation</li></ol>By simulating the exam experience and regularly assessing your performance, you become more comfortable and familiar with the UPSC CSE exam pattern.<ul><li>30 Prelims Tests of General Studies and Current Affairs, with detailed explanations</li><li>Daily Mains Answer Writing Programme to help you to develop the “Art of Answer Writing”</li><li>Additionally, students who qualify the UPSC Prelim Test would be provided with 4 Full-Length Main Exam Tests with Mentorship Support<ul><li>Students who qualify the Main Exam would be provided interview guidance under the Interview Guidance Programme</li></ul></li></ul>&nbsp;<ol start="5"><li>By Eliminating Your Fear Of Under-Performing</li></ol>The UPSC CSE preparation can be mentally and emotionally challenging.A mentor can assess your progress by reviewing your study materials, practice tests, and mock interviews.<ul><li>Access to Mentoring Sessions that address your doubts and also provide you with important preparation advice</li><li>Access to Mains Test Series Programme for 6 months which consists of 25 Sectional Tests and 4 Full-Length Tests with feedback, model answers and explanatory classes&nbsp;</li><li>Additional Mains Support Programme (MSP) for 10 Months after classes have concluded which comprises online current affairs classes and content support, monthly current affairs MCQ Tests, Student Portal access, and Mains Test Series<ul><li>MSP Test Series includes:<ul><li>25 Sectional Tests</li><li>4 Full Length Tests</li><li>Evaluation &amp; Feedback</li><li>Model Answers</li><li>Explanation Videos of Sectional Tests</li><li>Mentor Support</li></ul></li></ul></li></ul>&nbsp;UPSC Civil Services Examination (CSE) is not just for the ones who have always excelled academically. It is also for those who are willing to learn and who can keep their eyes and ears open throughout the year. But always remember, there is no alternative to hard work, discipline and dedication.We hope that by now, the doubts revolving around the UPSC Civil Services Examination (CSE) have been clarified. And when you join us in our 10-Month PCM Comprehensive Programme, remember that you have to adopt a multi-dimensional approach, integrate current affairs with static knowledge, and practice MCQs and answer writing regularly. Also, stay consistent, focused, and be adaptive in your entire preparation. Wishing you good luck with your UPSC journey!

Clear doubts before starting to prepare for the IAS Exam

Preparing for UPSC Civil Services Examination: A Comprehensive Roadmap

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<h4>“A mentor is someone who allows you to see the hope inside yourself.”</h4><h4 style="margin-left:432px;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;-Oprah Winfrey</h4>&nbsp;Preparing for the <a href="https://www.upsc.gov.in/">UPSC</a> Prelims Exam requires a strategic approach and dedicated effort.Sometimes even after consistent revisions and solving multiple mock tests some of us are unable to qualify the Preliminary stage of the CSE Examination. And after not seeing our names in the result-list of Prelims 2023, many of us might have been questioning our career choices or even our own self-worth. To help aspirants overcome their doubts and insecurities, Vajiram &amp; Ravi have developed a new test series by the name of “<a href="https://vajiramandravi.com/powerup-prelims-assist-mentorship-for-upsc-ias-exam-2024/">Prelims Assist</a> - A Mentor Guided Test Series Programme for IAS Prelim Exam”.Having a Mentor in your UPSC journey could benefit you by filling up the following gaps in preparation, especially for the Prelims Exam:<h3>Guidance and Direction</h3>The Vajiram and Ravi exclusive Prelims Assist Programme consists of 30 mock tests. But it also includes a Prelims-Expert who is a Mentor who can provide you with extremely valuable guidance and direction on how to prepare for these mock tests. Also, Mentors can help you understand the exam pattern, the <a href="https://vajiramandravi.com/upsc-syllabus/">syllabus</a>, and discover the most effective preparation strategies. They can even help you create a personalized study plan tailored to your individual strengths and weaknesses.&nbsp;<h3>Accountability and Discipline</h3>A Mentor can help you stay accountable and disciplined in your Prelims preparation journey especially on days when you feel you haven not performed well enough. They can set milestones and deadlines, track your progress, and ensure that you stay on track with your study plan. Knowing that you have someone monitoring your progress can enhance your commitment and discipline.&nbsp;<h3>Experience and Insights</h3>Mentors bring their firsthand experience of the UPSC journey in order to help you improve your own preparation. Mentors can share insights into the preparation process, exam strategies, and time management techniques. Mentors can provide valuable tips and tricks that they have learned through their own experiences, which can help you avoid common pitfalls and maximize your chances of success.&nbsp;<h3>Motivation and Support</h3>Preparing for the UPSC Civil Services Exam (CSE) can be challenging and demanding. Having a Mentor by your side can provide the motivation and support you need during this journey. Mentors can offer encouragement, share their own success stories and failures, and keep you focused and motivated throughout the preparation period.&nbsp;<h3>Personalized Feedback and Evaluation</h3>A Mentor can assess your progress and provide personalized feedback on your preparation. Mentors can review your mock tests and provide constructive criticism. This feedback can help you identify areas where you need improvement and ultimately guide you in refining your approach.&nbsp;<h3>Network and Resources</h3>Mentors often have a network of fellow aspirants and resources that they can share with you. Mentors also have access to additional resources, such as notes, books, or online study materials that can aid your preparation. Our Prelims Assist programme offers both online and offline mentoring sessions where you can meet your mentor at our institute from Monday to Saturday, anytime between 10am to 6pm.&nbsp;Always remember, UPSC preparation is a long-term process, and consistency is the key and our Prelims Assist Programme that combines high-quality mock tests with Mentorship has been designed to help you cover all the bases for the IAS Prelim Exam. Go ahead, prepare with a Mentor by your side who will always help you maintain a positive mindset, stay motivated and manage stress during your preparation journey for the IAS Prelim Exam!

How Can A Mentor Help In Filling Up The Gaps In Your Preparation For UPSC Prelims?

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<h4>Are you aiming to follow the preparation path taken by <a href="https://www.upsc.gov.in/">UPSC</a> CSE Toppers to boost your chances of clearing the one of the toughest exams in the world? Read on!</h4>&nbsp;Every aspirant idolises the toppers and aspires to be among them. After the results are announced, aspirants seek guidance from <a href="https://vajiramandravi.com/ias-selections-from-vajiram/">UPSC CSE toppers</a> to build strategic plans, alter their course, and jump-start their preparation. Given that preparing for the Civil Services Exam is a lengthy process that at the very least requires one year of diligent preparation, aspirants want to reduce the risk as much as they can by following the path that top rankers had followed and by incorporating toppers’ strategies into their preparation.&nbsp;Aspirants should keep in mind, nevertheless, that each topper follows a strategy that suits them personally and is specific to their level of expertise, competence, and experience.&nbsp;Every topper follows a set of common tactics and strategies, and when developing their unique approach, each aspirant is expected to do the same.Due to the fact that only a small percentage of the lakhs of aspirants who sit for the exam actually qualify the UPSC Civil Services Exam, we'll be analysing and discussing about some of the common and important preparation approaches that every topper employs and any aspirant who hopes to work in the civil service should incorporate into their study plan.&nbsp;<h2>Learn the ropes:&nbsp;</h2><h4><a href="https://vajiramandravi.com/upsc-syllabus/">UPSC CSE Syllabus</a></h4>Knowing the syllabus in its entirety can help you understand and decide what should be studied and what should not as you read the news or any study material.&nbsp;Familiarity Tip: Handwrite the syllabus and then paste it somewhere in your room. You'll get the hang of it if you read it through three times a day, every day.<h4>UPSC CSE Pattern</h4>Understanding the trends and patterns of the questions asked in the UPSC Civil Services Exam might help you plan your study strategy in the right direction because you'll know how to study and how that knowledge will be tested.Preparation tip: Before beginning, review the question <a href="https://vajiramandravi.com/upsc-previous-papers/">papers from past years</a> and assess the patterns and trends of the questions asked.&nbsp;<h4>Resources</h4>It's important to stick to the limited resources. The secret to clearing the exam is to thoroughly study the limited resources multiple times to absorb them extensively rather than studying from multiple resources.Studying Tip: Make a list of <a href="https://vajiramandravi.com/upsc-gs-postal-books/">foundational</a> and <a href="https://vajiramandravi.com/booklists-for-upsc/">reference books</a>. Establish a solid foundation and solely use the reference book for profound knowledge.&nbsp;<h2>Understand and master the essentials:</h2><h4>General Studies Subjects</h4>For the Civil Services Exam, you have either registered in a coaching programme or are self-studying. In order to lay a strong foundation, you must completely comprehend the fundamentals of the <a href="https://vajiramandravi.com/courses/general-studies/vr-pcm-comprehensive-10-months-live-online-programme/">General Studies</a> subjects. No matter how many hours, months, or years you invest in your studies, you won't be able to clear the exam if your foundation is weak.Foundational Tip: Do not take a chance; instead, enrol in a coaching programme that will assist you in building a <a href="https://vajiramandravi.com/all-courses/upsc-general-studies/2-year-fledgling-comprehensive-gs-classroom-programme/">strong foundation</a> in your General Studies Subjects.<h4><a href="https://epaper.thehindu.com/login?utm_source=google&amp;utm_medium=cpc&amp;utm_campaign=TH_ePaper_BrandSearchExact&amp;tpcc=THEPGS&amp;gad=1&amp;gclid=Cj0KCQjw4NujBhC5ARIsAF4Iv6efF7N0m74enIyC-E1-E2E0czkLYe7_mgeLUb-eEGVzuN3LSIAYlVEaAi9VEALw_wcB">Newspaper</a> and Current Affairs</h4>You must master current affairs because the majority of UPSC CSE questions are based on them, which will enhance your chances of clearing the Prelims and allow you to use current events to your advantage in the Mains. Your familiarity with current issues will be tested even on the Personality Test.Mastering Tip: Assiduously study (not just read) the newspaper every day and then use a <a href="https://vajiramandravi.com/upsc-monthly-current-affairs-magazine/">monthly current affairs</a> magazine to revise.<h4>Revision</h4>Periodic revision is crucial because just a small portion of what you learn today will stick in your memory. In order to effectively recall knowledge and oscillate between topics during the exam, it is advisable to reread the subject matter several times.Cementing Tip: Make a revision schedule and revise after three days, seven days, one month, and three months. &nbsp;<h2>Hone your knowledge and abilities:</h2><h4>MCQs</h4>By taking <a href="https://vajiramias.com/daily-mcq/">MCQs</a> on a regular basis, evaluating performance, and determining areas that need improvement, you can increase speed and accuracy of answering questions in the Prelim Test. Additionally, taking MCQs will help in an exhaustive revision of the UPSC CSE syllabus.Tip: Prioritise topics based on strengths and weaknesses and practise answering questions within the time limit. 3–4 months prior to your exam, enrol in the Prelims Test Series and practise as much as you can.<h4>Answer Writing Practice</h4>It takes time and effort to master the <a href="https://vajiramandravi.com/blogs/how-to-write-answers-for-upsc-ias-mains-exam/">skill of writing answers</a>. One cannot solely rely on the knowledge they acquire via classes. Structure, content prioritisation, and time management are necessary when writing an answer. The 100 days following Prelims should be spent to revise the subject, and evaluate and enhance the scores rather than learning a new skill.&nbsp;Proficiency Tip: After 3 months of learning fundamentals, begin writing one answer every day, no matter what, to develop the habit of writing answers and using knowledge. After Prelims, join the <a href="https://vajiramandravi.com/all-courses/upsc-mains-test-series/">Mains Test Series</a>.<h4>Areas for Improvement</h4>Instead of concentrating on your weaknesses, you should see them as chances at improvement. Avoid overthinking and overanalyzing your performance; instead, concentrate on identifying areas that need strengthening and make improvements in those areas.Exceeding Tip: Enrol in a mentoring programme that will help you develop a preparation schedule, identify your areas of growth, and provide the best possible guidance for your UPSC CSE journey.&nbsp;<h2>Cultivate powers in your preparation:</h2><h4>Self-belief</h4>Even if the rest of the world doesn't, every topper believes in themselves. Risking at least a year in preparation for this exam is a risky move, and frequently, those around you will not be supportive or have faith in your abilities. Remember that everyone's journey and ambitions are unique and that you are solely responsible for your goals and aspirations.Self-assuring Tip: Never forget that no one's words can define you, and that even if your dream seems delusional to others, it shall make sense to you.<h4>Discipline</h4>Discipline will enable you to stay ahead of the competition when motivation fails at times. Your lifestyle and academic conduct must be extremely disciplined as you prepare for the UPSC CSE. Discipline will help you stay focused, maintain the fire, and keep you on track so that you can make the most of your preparation.&nbsp;Preventative Tip: Create a schedule, keep track of your hours, and identify areas where you waste time.<h4>Consistency</h4>No matter how long you spend studying each day—for an hour or two—the most crucial thing is that you do it consistently. Even if you don't comprehend a word you're reading, the flow shouldn't be broken.&nbsp;High-yielding Tip: Never evaluate your days in relation to those of yesterday. Start over every day with the intention of investing as many hours as you can to develop a reliable and productive habit. &nbsp;<h4>Determination</h4>The Civil Services Exam involves relentless determination in addition to basic willpower. You should be committed to figuring out how to accomplish it. You should prioritise it above everything else, leaving aside anything that might distract you.&nbsp;Propelling Tip: Recall the day you decided to prepare for the exam and the driving force behind it.<h4>Motivation</h4>It is normal to have motivational lows when preparing for the UPSC CSE exam. Therefore, it becomes vital to find methods to promote motivation since it enables us to alter perspective, build competences, establish objectives, make plans, improve our skills, and increase consistency.Uplifting Tip: Track your progress and treat yourself to small victories. Read inspirational writings.&nbsp;<h2>Strive to strike a balance:</h2><h4>Patience</h4>The UPSC CSE is a highly challenging process. Every day is Day Zero, and each day demands your complete commitment.&nbsp; You can set more logical, achievable goals if you are patient. You will become more perseverant and resilient.Everyday Tip: Pay attention to your everyday efforts rather than the result.<h4>Optimistic Attitude</h4>There may be instances when you lose motivation due to becoming stuck on a difficult subject, being unable to provide accurate answers, or experiencing personal difficulties. In that circumstance, you'll need to have a positive outlook and concentrate on finding a solution for the things that are within your control.&nbsp;Persevering Tip: Try meditation to relax your mind. If a topic is difficult for you to understand, reread it several times or seek assistance from a knowledgeable person.<h4>Balance</h4>In order to prevent mental, emotional, and physical exhaustion, it is crucial to establish a balance between your study and personal lives. The preparation for the UPSC CSE is a marathon, not a sprint. To keep jogging and cross the finish line, you must take numerous pauses.Stability Tip: Choose a hobby that will keep you sane and that you can highlight in your DAF.&nbsp;Toppers distinguish themselves from other rank holders by making sure to use traditional approaches that other aspirants overlook. Many aspirants concentrate on intricate strategies, which lead them nowhere, while toppers use simple strategies, stick to them, and win the race.&nbsp;Concluding Tip: All you have to do is adhere strictly to the approaches discussed above and maintain an uncomplicated, consistent preparation schedule.Your road map to achieving your UPSC CSE dream can undoubtedly be found with&nbsp; your D3: dedication, discipline, and determination, in all areas of preparation.

What to Learn From UPSC Civil Services Exam Toppers?

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<h3>To see a list of Questions covered by the Prelims Test Series, please download our <a href="https://bit.ly/prelims-reflections-2023">Prelims Reflection 2023 PDF</a></h3>&nbsp;If you are an aspirant of the <a href="https://www.upsc.gov.in/">UPSC</a> Civil Services Examination, you might have heard about the importance of taking the Prelims Test Series to boost your chances of clearing the first stage of the exam. But what exactly is a Prelims Test Series and how can it help you in your preparation?Here, we will answer these questions and provide some tips on how to make the best use of the Prelims Test Series.&nbsp;<h2 style="text-align:justify;">What is a Prelims Test Series?</h2><a href="https://vajiramandravi.com/all-courses/prelims-test-series-for-upsc-ias-exam/">Prelims Test Series</a> is a set of mock tests that simulate the actual UPSC Prelims Examination in terms of syllabus, pattern and difficulty level. These tests are specifically curated to assist aspirants in evaluating their performance, determining their strengths and shortcomings and improving their accuracy and speed. This helps aspirants to prepare thoroughly for the Prelims Examination in a time-bound manner.&nbsp;<h2 style="text-align:justify;">Why is a Prelims Test Series useful?</h2>&nbsp;Prelims Test Series is useful for several reasons:<ul><li style="text-align:justify;">It helps you cover the entire syllabus of the Prelim Exam systematically and comprehensively. It exposes you to a wide variety of sources, such as <a href="https://ncert.nic.in/">NCERT</a>s, standard textbooks, <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/">newspapers</a>, government websites etc., and tests your knowledge and understanding of current and conventional topics.&nbsp;</li><li style="text-align:justify;">It helps you develop your exam temperament and confidence. It familiarises you with the pressure and challenges of solving MCQs under time constraints and negative markings. It also helps you to overcome your fear and anxiety of facing the actual exam.&nbsp;</li><li style="text-align:justify;">It helps you improve upon your elimination techniques. It teaches you how to read and understand the questions better, how to use logic and reasoning, how to remove incorrect possibilities and how to pick the best option from the available alternatives.</li><li style="text-align:justify;">It also provides extensive answers and explanations for each question, allowing you to learn from your mistakes and prevent them in the future. This helps you track your progress and performance. It provides you with instant feedback, analysis and reports on your scores, ranks, accuracy, speed, topic-wise performance etc. It also allows you to compare yourself with other aspirants across India and gauge the level of your preparation.</li></ul>&nbsp;&nbsp;<h2 style="text-align:justify;">How to make the best use of a Prelims Test Series?</h2>&nbsp;To make the best use of a Prelims Test Series, you should follow these tips:<ul><li style="text-align:justify;">Choose a reliable and reputed test series programme that offers high-quality mock tests that are closely aligned with the <a href="https://vajiramandravi.com/upsc-syllabus/">UPSC syllabus</a> and pattern.</li><li style="text-align:justify;">Follow a regular and consistent schedule for taking mock tests. You should ideally start taking mock tests at least 6 months before the exam date and take at least one mock test per week.</li><li style="text-align:justify;">Review your performance after each mock test. You should spend a good amount of time analysing your performance. You should go through each question carefully and understand why you got it right or wrong. You should also note down your doubts, errors, knowledge gaps etc., and revise them later from time to time.&nbsp;</li><li style="text-align:justify;">Learn from your mistakes and improve your weak areas. You should identify your strengths and weaknesses based on your performance in mock tests. Focus more on your weak areas and topics that have a higher weightage in the exam.&nbsp;</li><li style="text-align:justify;">Supplement your mock tests with other resources such as value-added material, supplementary material, current affairs material etc. These resources will help you to enhance your knowledge and awareness of important current issues and events.&nbsp;</li><li style="text-align:justify;">Take feedback and guidance from experts and mentors. This can help you clear your doubts and improve your elimination techniques. You can also join online forums or groups where you can interact with other aspirants for peer feedback and discussions.</li></ul>&nbsp;Vajiram and Ravi's Prelims Test Series offers several advantages to aid your preparation for the UPSC Civil Services Exam comprehensively and effectively. Let's explore the benefits you can expect from this test series:<ul><li style="text-align:justify;">Comprehensive Coverage: Designed to align with the UPSC Prelims examination, Vajiram and Ravi's Prelims test series covers both General Studies Paper I and Paper II (<a href="https://vajiramandravi.com/all-courses/upsc-csat/csat-classroom-course/">CSAT</a>). Additionally, it gives due emphasis on <a href="https://vajiramandravi.com/upsc-daily-current-affairs/">Current Affairs</a>, a crucial component for clearing the Prelims. This comprehensive coverage ensures that you are well-prepared across all relevant subjects and topics.&nbsp;</li><li style="text-align:justify;">Diverse Test Formats: The test series includes various types of tests, including Sectional, Comprehensive and Full-Length Tests. In addition to this, important Current Affairs news are covered holistically in a separate test series. These different formats enable you to revise, practice and enhance essential skills such as accuracy, time management and problem-solving abilities. By engaging with diverse test formats, you can develop a well-rounded approach to tackle every aspect of each subject.</li><li style="text-align:justify;">Detailed Solutions and Performance Analysis: To aid your learning process, Vajiram and Ravi's Prelims test series provides detailed solutions for each test. These solutions help you understand the reasoning behind the correct answers and clarify any doubts you may have. Additionally, the test series offers Artificial Intelligence (AI) based individual performance analysis, allowing you to identify your strengths and weaknesses. Based on this information, you can take targeted remedial measures to strengthen your weaker areas.</li><li style="text-align:justify;">All-India Ranking and Feedback: To gauge your performance on a national scale, the test series offers an All-India ranking system. This ranking provides valuable insights into where you stand compared to other aspirants. Moreover, you receive personalised feedback that helps you pinpoint areas that require improvement. This constructive feedback assists you in refining your exam preparation strategy.&nbsp;</li><li style="text-align:justify;">Flexible Modes: Recognizing the diverse preferences of aspirants, Vajiram and Ravi's Prelims test series is available in both online and offline modes. You have the freedom to choose the mode that best suits your convenience and learning style. Whether you prefer the flexibility of online access or the tangible experience of offline tests, the choice is yours.&nbsp;</li><li style="text-align:justify;">Updated Syllabus and Exam Pattern: Vajiram and Ravi's Prelims test series is designed based on the latest UPSC syllabus and exam pattern. The series keeps pace with any changes or updates made by the UPSC. By aligning with the current trends and standards of the actual exam, this test series ensures that you are well-prepared for the unpredictable nature of the exam.&nbsp;</li><li style="text-align:justify;">PowerUp Prelims Assist: <a href="https://vajiramandravi.com/powerup-prelims-assist-mentorship-for-upsc-ias-exam-2024/">PowerUp Prelims Assist</a> is a mentor-guided Prelims test series programme that offers personalised guidance to aspirants for the test series. This programme provides you with one-on-one doubt-clearing sessions, a tailored study plan and valuable tips and tricks to ace the exam. The mentor's expertise and individualised attention assists you in optimising your preparation and addressing any specific challenges you may face.</li><li style="text-align:justify;">Online Resources: Enrolling in Vajiram and Ravi Prelims test series grants you access to many online resources that supplement your preparation. These resources include video lectures, study materials and current affairs magazines. By utilising these supplementary materials, you can enhance your knowledge base and stay updated with the important developments in daily news.</li><li style="text-align:justify;">Reputed Institute: Conducted by Vajiram and Ravi, one of the most renowned and trusted institutes for UPSC preparation, the test series carries the weight of the institute's proven track record. Vajiram and Ravi have consistently produced top rankers in the UPSC examination, cementing its reputation as a reliable source of quality coaching and guidance.</li></ul>&nbsp;In conclusion, Vajiram and Ravi's Prelims Test Series provides innumerable advantages that complement your preparation for the UPSC Civil Services Exam. The comprehensive coverage, diverse test formats, detailed solutions, performance analysis, flexible modes, updated syllabus and pattern, PowerUp Prelims Assist, online resources and the Institute's reputation collectively contribute to an enriching and effective learning experience. By availing yourself of these extra benefits, you can enhance your chances of success in the highly competitive UPSC Prelims examination.Tags: Importance of Prelims Test Series, Best&nbsp;Prelims Test Series, Importance of Mock Tests for UPSC Preparation

How A Test Series Can Help You Clear UPSC Prelims?

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<h4 style="text-align:justify;">You're enrolled in college, hoping to secure a public sector job by clearing some competitive exams, but you aren’t able to find a suitable guidance-cum-coaching programme that fits with your requirements and schedule?</h4>&nbsp;Learn how to approach numerous <a href="https://www.getmyuni.com/articles/list-of-competitive-exams-in-india">competitive exams</a> through Vajiram &amp; Ravi ACE College Foundation Programme and stay ahead of the competition!Most students begin their pursuit of a <a href="https://www.successcds.net/career/career-in-public-administration.html">career in public service</a> or so to say the pursuit of&nbsp; “Sarkari Naukri” as soon as they enter college, while others wait until after they graduate. Initially, the most crucial requirement for competitive exams for all public service jobs is right guidance and understanding the length and breadth of the exam, its pattern, and success rate.Any exam has two essential foundational elements. The first section pertains to general awareness, and the second is about aptitude, which covers comprehension, reasoning, and arithmetic.One challenge that all aspirants must overcome is the laborious process of re-connecting to the social studies subject, which is also known as General Studies, General Awareness, or General Knowledge in various exams. The qualifying examination questions are developed in such a way that they demand conceptual clarity and in-depth knowledge of the subjects, their fundamentals, and current developments.&nbsp;Understanding this imperative, Vajiram &amp; Ravi very carefully and meticulously designed a 10 Months programme called ACE (Approach for Competitive Exams) College Foundation Programme to address the void left by the absence of a reliable and knowledgeable guidance programme.&nbsp;With five decades of expertise, Vajiram &amp; Ravi identified the following solutions for college students' requirements and knowledge &amp; preparation gaps:&nbsp;<ol><li style="text-align:justify;">SELECT</li></ol>To ensure flexibility for students to prepare comfortably, the Programme provides the option between two modes - Classroom and LIVE-Online which streams classes live from the classroom to your laptop/mobile device. Moreover, keeping in account your schedules and regular college classes, the batch timings are 5:30 PM to 8:00 PM.&nbsp;<ol start="2"><li style="text-align:justify;">LEARN</li></ol>Given that some students don't possess the fundamental proficiency, you will receive a redesigned pedagogy delivered using student-friendly technology and innovative study material on:<ul><li style="text-align:justify;">Core General Studies subjects (Indian Polity &amp; Constitution, Geography &amp; Environment, Indian History, Economy, General Science)</li><li style="text-align:justify;">General Aptitude (Quantitative Aptitude, Logical Reasoning and Verbal Ability), and</li><li style="text-align:justify;"><a href="https://vajiramias.com/current-affairs/">Current Affairs</a>.</li></ul>&nbsp;<ol start="3"><li style="text-align:justify;">ADVANCE</li></ol>You will also be aided to develop good study habits that will motivate them to read and study books, newspapers, and practise note-making to broaden your knowledge and writing skills.&nbsp;<img class="image_resized" style="width:458.991px;" src="https://vajiramandravi-test.s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/media/2023/5/19/13/47/54/ace-blog-deliverable.jpg" alt="">&nbsp;<ol start="4"><li style="text-align:justify;">PREPARE</li></ol>Learning alone is inadequate; practice, improvement, and persistence are also needed. Therefore, the Programme offers the following to help you prepare better:<ul><li style="text-align:justify;">Weekly Answer Writing Practice and MCQ Tests,</li><li style="text-align:justify;">Access to revision classes online and <a href="https://vajiramias.com/">student portal</a> for supplementary learning, throughout the course,</li><li style="text-align:justify;">A designator mentor to aid with concepts, it’s application to exam process &amp; full-fledged support, and</li><li style="text-align:justify;">Several sessions for&nbsp; motivation and guidance.</li></ul>&nbsp;<ol start="5"><li style="text-align:justify;">DETERMINE</li></ol>As a way to ensure that the students choose the ideal career path, the Programme will offer access to mentors who will provide them with professional counselling and guidance.&nbsp;This Programme will assist you in preparing for competitive exams such as the <a href="https://www.upsc.gov.in/">UPSC</a> Civil Services Exam, State PSC, <a href="https://ssc.nic.in/">Staff Selection Commission</a>, Banking, Defence, <a href="https://www.epfindia.gov.in/site_en/index.php">EPFO</a>/<a href="https://licindia.in/Home">LIC</a>, <a href="https://www.indianrail.gov.in/enquiry/StaticPages/StaticEnquiry.jsp?StaticPage=index.html">Railways</a>, Lateral Entry to SAI, <a href="https://nalcoindia.com/">NALCO</a>, etc.Overall, this programme will help students in becoming confident about the society at large and making them self awarded persons. Ultimately, it helps in the development of the personality of the students, which overall helps in any exam, its interview or calling new height in life.&nbsp;&nbsp;Therefore, by addressing the necessary knowledge, skills &amp; competency, familiarity, indecisiveness, motivation, and guiding demands of college students, the ACE College Foundation Programme is a solution for the initial stumbles and falls to establish a strong fundamental foundation and help ACE the Competitive Exams.

A Simple Route for College Students to ACE Competitive Exams

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<h4 style="text-align:justify;">Are you a college student who has made the decision to prepare for the <a href="https://www.upsc.gov.in/">UPSC</a> Civil Services Exam, but you have trouble finding a programme that will assist you in building the foundation and then assist you to fully commit to your preparation?</h4>&nbsp;Build a firm foundation in the first year and then progress on to a comprehensive UPSC CSE preparation in the second year with Vajiram &amp; Ravi - 2 Years General Studies Fledgling Prelims cum Mains Comprehensive Programme.&nbsp;As to "fledge" is to "acquire the feathers necessary for flight," Vajiram &amp; Ravi was inspired by the phenomenon to develop the V&amp;R 2 Years General Studies Fledgling Prelims cum Mains Comprehensive Programme for the UPSC CSE Prelims &amp; Mains Programme. This Programme will assist students in acquiring all the necessary feathers of knowledge, skillset, and confidence.&nbsp;<h3 style="text-align:justify;">The two-year programme will assist you by:</h3>&nbsp;<h4 style="text-align:justify;">Encouraging the following a carefully planned strategy rather than diving in head first</h4>&nbsp;<ul><li>In the first year, the Programme will help you lay a strong foundation in General Studies (Indian Politics &amp; Constitution, Geography &amp; Environment, Indian History, Economics, and General Science), which will be the fundamentals and building blocks of your preparation. In addition, this first-year coaching and regular class tests will help you prepare for a range of competitive exams.</li><li>The second year of the programme is dedicated to intense preparation for the Civil Service Exam. The lectures will cover all aspects of the General Studies subjects with respect to the rigorous UPSC CSE Prelim Test and Main Exam.</li></ul>&nbsp;<h4 style="text-align:justify;">Establishing a right balance between regular academic study and UPSC CSE preparation</h4>&nbsp;<ul><li>To provide students with flexibility, the Programme offers two modes: Classroom and LIVE-Online (which streams classes live from the classroom).&nbsp;</li><li>Furthermore, to accommodate your schedules and regular college classes, the batch timings are between 7:30 AM to 10:00 AM.</li></ul>&nbsp;&nbsp;<h4 style="text-align:justify;">Laying a strong foundation, allowing progress to be made at a more manageable pace, and gradually building all the necessary knowledge and skills</h4>&nbsp;<ul><li>First Year:<ul><li style="text-align:justify;">140 General Studies class lectures and 40 Current Affairs online lectures.</li><li style="text-align:justify;">Printed study materials that explain concepts from the basic to the advanced levels in simple language.</li></ul></li></ul>&nbsp;<ul><li>Second Year:<ul><li style="text-align:justify;">280 General Studies class lectures and 120 Current Affairs online lectures.</li><li style="text-align:justify;">18 Printed Study Material Books (referred to as Yellow Books) to particularly address the requirements of the Civil Service Exam (Prelims &amp; Mains Exams).</li></ul></li></ul>&nbsp;<ul><li>First &amp; Second Year:<ul><li style="text-align:justify;">Very meticulously developed notes and handouts for the lectures.</li><li style="text-align:justify;">Online access to revision classes throughout the course of the Programme.</li><li style="text-align:justify;">Access to The Recitals (<a href="https://vajiramandravi.com/upsc-monthly-current-affairs-magazine/">Monthly Current Affairs Magazine</a>) and Vajiram and Ravi's student portal - vajiramias.com</li></ul></li></ul>&nbsp;<img class="image_resized" style="width:458.991px;" src="https://vajiramandravi-test.s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/media/2023/5/19/14/8/58/fledge.jpg" alt=""><h4>&nbsp;</h4><h4>Enhancing understanding of UPSC trends and patterns in order to keep you&nbsp; motivated and aware of all the necessary progress</h4>&nbsp;<ul><li>First Year:<ul><li>Regular MCQs and Mains Answer Writing Practice with feedback and model answers.</li><li>Multiple sessions for&nbsp; motivation and guidance.</li></ul></li></ul>&nbsp;<ul><li>Second Year:<ul><li>30 Prelims Tests of General studies and Current Affairs, with explanations.</li><li>12 Main Exam Tests (8 sectional &amp; 4 full-length) of General studies, with feedback, model answer &amp; explanatory classes.</li><li>Mains Answer Writing Programme to help you to develop the “Art of Answer Writing”.</li></ul></li></ul>&nbsp;<h4 style="text-align:justify;">Building self-confidence in your preparation</h4>&nbsp;<ul><li>Access to mentoring sessions to address your doubts and receive preparation advice.</li><li>Additional Mains Support Programme (MSP) after classes have concluded which comprises online current affairs classes and content support, monthly current affairs MCQ Tests, student portal access, and Mains Test Series.</li></ul>&nbsp;Therefore, by addressing the challenges of aspirants who have decided to prepare for the UPSC Civil Services Exam over a two-year period, the V&amp;R 2 Years Prelims cum Mains General Studies Fledgling Comprehensive Programme will assist students to learn to fledge within the classroom before taking the actual flight for the service of our nation!

FLEDGE for the UPSC Civil Services Exam in the span of two years - move through the gears!

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